也许像字典这样的类（如DoubleDict下面的类）是您想要的？您可以结合使用任何提供的元类，DoubleDict也可以完全避免使用任何元类。
import functools
import threading
################################################################################
class _DDChecker(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, classdict):
for key, value in classdict.items():
if key not in {'__new__', '__slots__', '_DoubleDict__dict_view'}:
classdict[key] = cls._wrap(value)
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, classdict)
@staticmethod
def _wrap(function):
@functools.wraps(function)
def check(self, *args, **kwargs):
value = function(self, *args, **kwargs)
if self._DoubleDict__forward != \
dict(map(reversed, self._DoubleDict__reverse.items())):
raise RuntimeError('Forward & Reverse are not equivalent!')
return value
return check
################################################################################
class _DDAtomic(_DDChecker):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, classdict):
if not bases:
classdict['__slots__'] += ('_DDAtomic__mutex',)
classdict['__new__'] = cls._atomic_new
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, classdict)
@staticmethod
def _atomic_new(cls, iterable=(), **pairs):
instance = object.__new__(cls, iterable, **pairs)
instance.__mutex = threading.RLock()
instance.clear()
return instance
@staticmethod
def _wrap(function):
@functools.wraps(function)
def atomic(self, *args, **kwargs):
with self.__mutex:
return function(self, *args, **kwargs)
return atomic
################################################################################
class _DDAtomicChecker(_DDAtomic):
@staticmethod
def _wrap(function):
return _DDAtomic._wrap(_DDChecker._wrap(function))
################################################################################
class DoubleDict(metaclass=_DDAtomicChecker):
__slots__ = '__forward', '__reverse'
def __new__(cls, iterable=(), **pairs):
instance = super().__new__(cls, iterable, **pairs)
instance.clear()
return instance
def __init__(self, iterable=(), **pairs):
self.update(iterable, **pairs)
########################################################################
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self.__forward)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.__forward < other
def __le__(self, other):
return self.__forward <= other
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.__forward == other
def __ne__(self, other):
return self.__forward != other
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.__forward > other
def __ge__(self, other):
return self.__forward >= other
def __len__(self):
return len(self.__forward)
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key in self:
return self.__forward[key]
return self.__missing_key(key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if self.in_values(value):
del self[self.get_key(value)]
self.__set_key_value(key, value)
return value
def __delitem__(self, key):
self.pop(key)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.__forward)
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.__forward
########################################################################
def clear(self):
self.__forward = {}
self.__reverse = {}
def copy(self):
return self.__class__(self.items())
def del_value(self, value):
self.pop_key(value)
def get(self, key, default=None):
return self[key] if key in self else default
def get_key(self, value):
if self.in_values(value):
return self.__reverse[value]
return self.__missing_value(value)
def get_key_default(self, value, default=None):
return self.get_key(value) if self.in_values(value) else default
def in_values(self, value):
return value in self.__reverse
def items(self):
return self.__dict_view('items', ((key, self[key]) for key in self))
def iter_values(self):
return iter(self.__reverse)
def keys(self):
return self.__dict_view('keys', self.__forward)
def pop(self, key, *default):
if len(default) > 1:
raise TypeError('too many arguments')
if key in self:
value = self[key]
self.__del_key_value(key, value)
return value
if default:
return default[0]
raise KeyError(key)
def pop_key(self, value, *default):
if len(default) > 1:
raise TypeError('too many arguments')
if self.in_values(value):
key = self.get_key(value)
self.__del_key_value(key, value)
return key
if default:
return default[0]
raise KeyError(value)
def popitem(self):
try:
key = next(iter(self))
except StopIteration:
raise KeyError('popitem(): dictionary is empty')
return key, self.pop(key)
def set_key(self, value, key):
if key in self:
self.del_value(self[key])
self.__set_key_value(key, value)
return key
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
if key not in self:
self[key] = default
return self[key]
def setdefault_key(self, value, default=None):
if not self.in_values(value):
self.set_key(value, default)
return self.get_key(value)
def update(self, iterable=(), **pairs):
for key, value in (((key, iterable[key]) for key in iterable.keys())
if hasattr(iterable, 'keys') else iterable):
self[key] = value
for key, value in pairs.items():
self[key] = value
def values(self):
return self.__dict_view('values', self.__reverse)
########################################################################
def __missing_key(self, key):
if hasattr(self.__class__, '__missing__'):
return self.__missing__(key)
if not hasattr(self, 'default_factory') \
or self.default_factory is None:
raise KeyError(key)
return self.__setitem__(key, self.default_factory())
def __missing_value(self, value):
if hasattr(self.__class__, '__missing_value__'):
return self.__missing_value__(value)
if not hasattr(self, 'default_key_factory') \
or self.default_key_factory is None:
raise KeyError(value)
return self.set_key(value, self.default_key_factory())
def __set_key_value(self, key, value):
self.__forward[key] = value
self.__reverse[value] = key
def __del_key_value(self, key, value):
del self.__forward[key]
del self.__reverse[value]
########################################################################
class __dict_view(frozenset):
__slots__ = '__name'
def __new__(cls, name, iterable=()):
instance = super().__new__(cls, iterable)
instance.__name = name
return instance
def __repr__(self):
return 'dict_{}({})'.format(self.__name, list(self))