作为jar运行时找不到类路径资源

在Spring Boot 1.1.5和1.1.6中都存在此问题-我正在使用@Value注释加载类路径资源，当我从STS（3.6.0，Windows）中运行应用程序时，此方法工作得很好。但是，当我运行mvn程序包，然后尝试运行jar时，出现FileNotFound异常。

资源message.txt位于src / main / resources中。我已经检查了jar并确认它在顶层（与application.properties相同）包含文件“ message.txt”。

这是应用程序：

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Application.class);

    @Value("${message.file}")
    private Resource messageResource;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... arg0) throws Exception {
        // both of these work when running as Spring boot app from STS, but
        // fail after mvn package, and then running as java -jar
        testResource(new ClassPathResource("message.txt"));
        testResource(this.messageResource);
    }

    private void testResource(Resource resource) {
        try {
            resource.getFile();
            logger.debug("Found the resource " + resource.getFilename());
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            logger.error(ex.toString());
        }
    }
}

例外：

c:\Users\glyoder\Documents\workspace-sts-3.5.1.RELEASE\classpath-resource-proble
m\target>java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.1.5.RELEASE)

2014-09-16 08:46:34.635  INFO 5976 --- [           main] demo.Application
                  : Starting Application on 8W59XV1 with PID 5976 (C:\Users\glyo
der\Documents\workspace-sts-3.5.1.RELEASE\classpath-resource-problem\target\demo
-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by glyoder in c:\Users\glyoder\Documents\workspace-s
ts-3.5.1.RELEASE\classpath-resource-problem\target)
2014-09-16 08:46:34.640 DEBUG 5976 --- [           main] demo.Application
                  : Running with Spring Boot v1.1.5.RELEASE, Spring v4.0.6.RELEA
SE
2014-09-16 08:46:34.681  INFO 5976 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigA
pplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.Annotation
ConfigApplicationContext@1c77b086: startup date [Tue Sep 16 08:46:34 EDT 2014];
root of context hierarchy
2014-09-16 08:46:35.196  INFO 5976 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBe
anExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2014-09-16 08:46:35.210 ERROR 5976 --- [           main] demo.Application
                  : java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [message.
txt] cannot be resolved to absolute file path because it does not reside in the
file system: jar:file:/C:/Users/glyoder/Documents/workspace-sts-3.5.1.RELEASE/cl
asspath-resource-problem/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/message.txt
2014-09-16 08:46:35.211 ERROR 5976 --- [           main] demo.Application
                  : java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [message.
txt] cannot be resolved to absolute file path because it does not reside in the
file system: jar:file:/C:/Users/glyoder/Documents/workspace-sts-3.5.1.RELEASE/cl
asspath-resource-problem/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/message.txt
2014-09-16 08:46:35.215  INFO 5976 --- [           main] demo.Application
                  : Started Application in 0.965 seconds (JVM running for 1.435)

2014-09-16 08:46:35.217  INFO 5976 --- [       Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigA
pplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationCon
figApplicationContext@1c77b086: startup date [Tue Sep 16 08:46:34 EDT 2014]; roo
t of context hierarchy
2014-09-16 08:46:35.218  INFO 5976 --- [       Thread-2] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBe
anExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

resource.getFile()希望资源本身在文件系统上可用，即不能嵌套在jar文件中。这就是为什么当您在STS中运行应用程序时它可以工作，但是一旦您构建了应用程序并从可执行jar中运行它后，它就无法工作。建议不要使用getFile()来访问资源的内容getInputStream()。这样一来，无论资源位于何处，都可以读取其内容。

如果你使用Spring框架，然后读ClassPathResource成String是使用非常简单的Spring框架的FileCopyUtils：

String data = "";
ClassPathResource cpr = new ClassPathResource("static/file.txt");
try {
    byte[] bdata = FileCopyUtils.copyToByteArray(cpr.getInputStream());
    data = new String(bdata, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (IOException e) {
    LOG.warn("IOException", e);
}

如果要使用文件：

ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("static/something.txt");

InputStream inputStream = classPathResource.getInputStream();
File somethingFile = File.createTempFile("test", ".txt");
try {
    FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(inputStream, somethingFile);
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
}

当spring boot项目以jar运行并且需要读取类路径中的一些文件时，我通过以下代码实现

Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("data.sql");
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.getInputStream()));
reader.lines().forEach(System.out::println);

我已经以Java 8的方式创建了ClassPathResourceReader类，以使从classpath轻松读取文件

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

public final class ClassPathResourceReader {

    private final String path;

    private String content;

    public ClassPathResourceReader(String path) {
        this.path = path;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        if (content == null) {
            try {
                ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(path);
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.getInputStream()));
                content = reader.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
        return content;
    }
}

用途：

String content = new ClassPathResourceReader("data.sql").getContent();

我也遇到了这个限制，并创建了这个库来克服这个问题：spring-boot-jar-resources 它基本上允许您向Spring Boot注册一个自定义ResourceLoader，该SpringLoad可以根据需要从JAR透明地提取类路径资源。

to get list of data from src/main/resources/data folder --
first of all mention your folder location in properties file as - 
resourceLoader.file.location=data

inside class declare your location. 

@Value("${resourceLoader.file.location}")
    @Setter
    private String location;

    private final ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

public void readallfilesfromresources() {
       Resource[] resources;

        try {
            resources = ResourcePatternUtils.getResourcePatternResolver(resourceLoader).getResources("classpath:" + location + "/*.json");
            for (int i = 0; i < resources.length; i++) {
                try {
                InputStream is = resources[i].getInputStream();
                byte[] encoded = IOUtils.toByteArray(is);
                String content = new String(encoded, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
        }
}

球衣需要打开包装。

<build>  
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <requiresUnpack>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>com.myapp</groupId>
                        <artifactId>rest-api</artifactId>
                    </dependency>
                </requiresUnpack>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>  

in spring boot :

1) if your file is ouside jar you can use :        

@Autowired
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

**.resource(resourceLoader.getResource("file:/path_to_your_file"))**

2) if your file is inside resources of jar you can `enter code here`use :

**.resource(new ClassPathResource("file_name"))**

根据Andy的回答，我使用以下命令获取目录下的所有YAML的输入流以及资源中的子目录（请注意，传递的路径并非以开头/）：

private static Stream<InputStream> getInputStreamsFromClasspath(
        String path,
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver
) {
    try {
        return Arrays.stream(resolver.getResources("/" + path + "/**/*.yaml"))
                .filter(Resource::exists)
                .map(resource -> {
                    try {
                        return resource.getInputStream();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        return null;
                    }
                })
                .filter(Objects::nonNull);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        logger.error("Failed to get definitions from directory {}", path, e);
        return Stream.of();
    }
}

我也陷入了类似的局面，但并不完全相似，想从资源文件夹中读取JSON文件。src / main / resources因此在下面编写了类似这样的代码。

此处列出了多种读取文件格式的方法 Spring Boot Application从类路径。

@Value（“ classpath：test.json”）私有资源资源；

File file = resource.getFile();

@Value("classpath:test.json")

私人资源资源；

File file = resource.getFile();

现在，一旦我使用mvn：spring-boot：run来运行该代码，它就可以正常工作，但是一旦我使用maven构建和打包应用程序并将其作为简单的可执行jar运行时，我就遇到了异常。让我们继续寻找解决方案。

在我的情况下，使用InputStream可以找到答案：-

@Value("classpath:test.json")
    Resource resourceFile;

private void testResource(Resource resource) {
        try {
            InputStream resourcee = resource.getInputStream();
            String text = null;
            try (final Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(resourcee)) {
                text = CharStreams.toString(reader);
            }
            System.out.println(text);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

Spring在Fat Jar概念上起作用，因此它确实很困难，因为它在Eclipse和以jar形式运行时的行为有所不同。