a）您可以将描述单个文件的模式作为命令行参数传递给karma start命令：
# build and run all tests
$ karma start
# build and run only those tests that are in this dir
$ karma start --grep app/modules/sidebar/tests
# build and run only this test file
$ karma start --grep app/modules/sidebar/tests/animation_test.js
资料来源：https : //gist.github.com/KidkArolis/fd5c0da60a5b748d54b2
b）您可以使用Gulp（或Grunt等）任务为您启动Karma。这使您可以更灵活地执行Karma。例如，您可以将自定义命令行参数传递给这些任务。如果要实现仅执行更改的测试的监视模式，则此策略也很有用。（Karma监视模式将执行所有测试。）另一个用例是在提交之前仅对具有本地更改的文件执行测试。另请参见下面的Gulp示例。
c）如果使用VisualStudio，则可能要在解决方案资源管理器的上下文菜单中添加外部工具命令。这样，您可以从该上下文菜单开始测试，而无需使用控制台。另见
如何在Visual Studio中执行自定义文件特定的命令/任务？
Gulp文件示例
//This gulp file is used to execute the Karma test runner
//Several tasks are available, providing different work flows
//for using Karma.
var gulp = require('gulp');
var karma = require('karma');
var KarmaServerConstructor = karma.Server;
var karmaStopper = karma.stopper;
var watch = require('gulp-watch');
var commandLineArguments = require('yargs').argv;
var svn = require('gulp-svn');
var exec = require('child_process').exec;
var fs = require('fs');
//Executes all tests, based on the specifications in karma.conf.js
//Example usage: gulp all
gulp.task('all', function (done) {
var karmaOptions = { configFile: __dirname + '/karma.conf.js' };
var karmaServer = new KarmaServerConstructor(karmaOptions, done);
karmaServer.on('browsers_change', stopServerIfAllBrowsersAreClosed); //for a full list of events see http://karma-runner.github.io/1.0/dev/public-api.html
karmaServer.start();
});
//Executes only one test which has to be passed as command line argument --filePath
//The option --browser also has to be passed as command line argument.
//Example usage: gulp single --browser="Chrome_With_Saved_DevTools_Settings" --filePath="C:\myTest.spec.js"
gulp.task('single', function (done) {
var filePath = commandLineArguments.filePath.replace(/\\/g, "/");
var karmaOptions = {
configFile: __dirname + '/karma.conf.js',
action: 'start',
browsers: [commandLineArguments.browser],
files: [
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.js',
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/globalize/lib/globalize.js',
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/mockFactory.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/App/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: filePath, included: false },
'./Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test-main.js',
'./switchKarmaToDebugTab.js' //also see /programming/33023535/open-karma-debug-html-page-on-startup
]
};
var karmaServer = new KarmaServerConstructor(karmaOptions, done);
karmaServer.on('browsers_change', stopServerIfAllBrowsersAreClosed);
karmaServer.start();
});
//Starts a watch mode for all *.spec.js files. Executes a test whenever it is saved with changes.
//The original Karma watch mode would execute all tests. This watch mode only executes the changed test.
//Example usage: gulp watch
gulp.task('watch', function () {
return gulp //
.watch('Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/**/*.spec.js', handleFileChanged)
.on('error', handleGulpError);
function handleFileChange(vinyl) {
var pathForChangedFile = "./" + vinyl.replace(/\\/g, "/");
var karmaOptions = {
configFile: __dirname + '/karma.conf.js',
action: 'start',
browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
singleRun: true,
files: [
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.js',
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/globalize/lib/globalize.js',
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/mockFactory.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/App/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: pathForChangedFile, included: false },
'./Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test-main.js'
]
};
var karmaServer = new KarmaServerConstructor(karmaOptions);
karmaServer.start();
}
});
//Executes only tests for files that have local changes
//The option --browser has to be passed as command line arguments.
//Example usage: gulp localChanges --browser="Chrome_With_Saved_DevTools_Settings"
gulp.task('localChanges', function (done) {
exec('svn status -u --quiet --xml', handleSvnStatusOutput);
function handleSvnStatusOutput(error, stdout, stderr) {
if (error) {
throw error;
}
var changedJsFiles = getJavaScriptFiles(stdout);
var specFiles = getSpecFiles(changedJsFiles);
if(specFiles.length>0){
console.log('--- Following tests need to be executed for changed files: ---');
specFiles.forEach(function (file) {
console.log(file);
});
console.log('--------------------------------------------------------------');
} else{
console.log('Finsihed: No modified files need to be tested.');
return;
}
var files = [
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.js',
'./Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/globalize/lib/globalize.js',
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/bower_components/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/mockFactory.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem/App/**/*.js', included: false },
{ pattern: './Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test/*.js', included: false }];
specFiles.forEach(function (file) {
var pathForChangedFile = "./" + file.replace(/\\/g, "/");
files = files.concat([{ pattern: pathForChangedFile, included: false }]);
});
files = files.concat([ //
'./Leen.Managementsystem.Tests/App/test-main.js', //
'./switchKarmaToDebugTab.js'
]);
var karmaOptions = {
configFile: __dirname + '/karma.conf.js',
action: 'start',
singleRun: false,
browsers: [commandLineArguments.browser],
files: files
};
var karmaServer = new KarmaServerConstructor(karmaOptions, done);
karmaServer.on('browsers_change', stopServerIfAllBrowsersAreClosed);
karmaServer.start();
}
});
function getJavaScriptFiles(stdout) {
var jsFiles = [];
var lines = stdout.toString().split('\n');
lines.forEach(function (line) {
if (line.includes('js">')) {
var filePath = line.substring(9, line.length - 3);
jsFiles.push(filePath);
}
});
return jsFiles;
}
function getSpecFiles(jsFiles) {
var specFiles = [];
jsFiles.forEach(function (file) {
if (file.endsWith('.spec.js')) {
specFiles.push(file);
} else {
if (file.startsWith('Leen\.Managementsystem')) {
var specFile = file.replace('Leen\.Managementsystem\\', 'Leen.Managementsystem.Tests\\').replace('\.js', '.spec.js');
if (fs.existsSync(specFile)) {
specFiles.push(specFile);
} else {
console.error('Missing test: ' + specFile);
}
}
}
});
return specFiles;
}
function stopServerIfAllBrowsersAreClosed(browsers) {
if (browsers.length === 0) {
karmaStopper.stop();
}
}
function handleGulpError(error) {
throw error;
}
VisualStudio中的ExternalToolCommand的示例设置：
标题：使用Chrome运行Karma
命令：cmd.exe
参数：/ c gulp single --browser =“ Chrome_With_Saved_DevTools_Settings” --filePath = $（ItemPath）
初始目录：$（SolutionDir）
使用输出窗口：true
