有没有办法检查int在C＃中是否为合法枚举？

我读了一些SO帖子，似乎缺少了大多数基本操作。

public enum LoggingLevel
{
    Off = 0,
    Error = 1,
    Warning = 2,
    Info = 3,
    Debug = 4,
    Trace = 5
};

if (s == "LogLevel")
{
    _log.LogLevel = (LoggingLevel)Convert.ToInt32("78");
    _log.LogLevel = (LoggingLevel)Enum.Parse(typeof(LoggingLevel), "78");
    _log.WriteDebug(_log.LogLevel.ToString());
}

这不会引起异常，很乐意存储78。有没有办法验证进入枚举的值？

签出Enum.IsDefined

用法：

if(Enum.IsDefined(typeof(MyEnum), value))
    MyEnum a = (MyEnum)value; 

这是该页面上的示例：

using System;    
[Flags] public enum PetType
{
   None = 0, Dog = 1, Cat = 2, Rodent = 4, Bird = 8, Reptile = 16, Other = 32
};

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      object value;     
      // Call IsDefined with underlying integral value of member.
      value = 1;
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      // Call IsDefined with invalid underlying integral value.
      value = 64;
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      // Call IsDefined with string containing member name.
      value = "Rodent";
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      // Call IsDefined with a variable of type PetType.
      value = PetType.Dog;
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      value = PetType.Dog | PetType.Cat;
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      // Call IsDefined with uppercase member name.      
      value = "None";
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      value = "NONE";
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      // Call IsDefined with combined value
      value = PetType.Dog | PetType.Bird;
      Console.WriteLine("{0:D}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
      value = value.ToString();
      Console.WriteLine("{0:D}: {1}", value, Enum.IsDefined(typeof(PetType), value));
   }
}

该示例显示以下输出：

//       1: True
//       64: False
//       Rodent: True
//       Dog: True
//       Dog, Cat: False
//       None: True
//       NONE: False
//       9: False
//       Dog, Bird: False

上述解决方案不处理[Flags]情况。

我在下面的解决方案可能会遇到一些性能问题（我敢肯定，可以通过各种方式进行优化），但是从本质上讲，它将始终证明枚举值是否有效。

它基于三个假设：

• C＃中的Enum值仅允许为int，绝对没有其他
• C＃中的枚举名称必须以字母字符开头
• 有效的枚举名称不能带有减号： -

如果没有匹配枚举（是否标记），则调用ToString()枚举将返回int值。如果允许的枚举值匹配，它将打印匹配的名称。

所以：

[Flags]
enum WithFlags
{
    First = 1,
    Second = 2,
    Third = 4,
    Fourth = 8
}

((WithFlags)2).ToString() ==> "Second"
((WithFlags)(2 + 4)).ToString() ==> "Second, Third"
((WithFlags)20).ToString() ==> "20"

牢记这两个规则，我们可以假设，如果.NET Framework正确执行其工作，则对有效枚举ToString()方法的任何调用都将导致某些东西以字母字符作为其第一个字符：

public static bool IsValid<TEnum>(this TEnum enumValue)
    where TEnum : struct
{
    var firstChar = enumValue.ToString()[0];
    return (firstChar < '0' || firstChar > '9') && firstChar != '-';
}

可以将其称为“黑客”，但是优点是，依靠Microsoft自己的EnumC＃标准实现，您就不必依靠自己的潜在错误代码或检查了。在性能不是非常关键的情况下，这将节省很多讨厌的switch声明或其他检查！

编辑

感谢@ChaseMedallion指出我的原始实现不支持负值。这已得到纠正，并提供了测试。

和测试来备份它：

[TestClass]
public class EnumExtensionsTests
{
    [Flags]
    enum WithFlags
    {
        First = 1,
        Second = 2,
        Third = 4,
        Fourth = 8
    }

    enum WithoutFlags
    {
        First = 1,
        Second = 22,
        Third = 55,
        Fourth = 13,
        Fifth = 127
    }

    enum WithoutNumbers
    {
        First, // 1
        Second, // 2
        Third, // 3
        Fourth // 4
    }

    enum WithoutFirstNumberAssigned
    {
        First = 7,
        Second, // 8
        Third, // 9
        Fourth // 10
    }


    enum WithNagativeNumbers
    {
        First = -7,
        Second = -8,
        Third = -9,
        Fourth = -10
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void IsValidEnumTests()
    {
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(1 | 4)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(1 | 4)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(1 | 4 | 2)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(2)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(3)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithFlags)(1 + 2 + 4 + 8)).IsValid());

        Assert.IsFalse(((WithFlags)(16)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithFlags)(17)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithFlags)(18)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithFlags)(0)).IsValid());

        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)1).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)22).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)(53 | 6)).IsValid());   // Will end up being Third
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)(22 | 25 | 99)).IsValid()); // Will end up being Fifth
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)55).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFlags)127).IsValid());

        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFlags)48).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFlags)50).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFlags)(1 | 22)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFlags)(9 | 27 | 4)).IsValid());

        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)0).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)1).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)2).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)3).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)(1 | 2)).IsValid()); // Will end up being Third
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutNumbers)(1 + 2)).IsValid()); // Will end up being Third

        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutNumbers)4).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutNumbers)5).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutNumbers)25).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutNumbers)(1 + 2 + 3)).IsValid());

        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)7).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)8).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)9).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)10).IsValid());

        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)11).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)6).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)(7 | 9)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithoutFirstNumberAssigned)(8 + 10)).IsValid());

        Assert.IsTrue(((WithNagativeNumbers)(-7)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithNagativeNumbers)(-8)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithNagativeNumbers)(-9)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsTrue(((WithNagativeNumbers)(-10)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithNagativeNumbers)(-11)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithNagativeNumbers)(7)).IsValid());
        Assert.IsFalse(((WithNagativeNumbers)(8)).IsValid());
    }
}

规范的答案是Enum.IsDefined，但这是a：如果在紧密循环中使用，会有点慢； b：对于[Flags]枚举没有用。

就个人而言，我将不再为此担心，而要switch适当地记住：

• 如果可以不识别所有内容（并且什么也不做），那就不要添加default:（或用空白default:说明原因）
• 如果存在明智的默认行为，则将其放入 default:
• 否则，请处理您所了解的内容，并为其余内容抛出异常：

像这样：

switch(someflag) {
    case TriBool.Yes:
        DoSomething();
        break;
    case TriBool.No:
        DoSomethingElse();
        break;
    case TriBool.FileNotFound:
        DoSomethingOther();
        break;
    default:
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("someflag");
}

用：

Enum.IsDefined ( typeof ( Enum ), EnumValue );

使用Enum.IsDefined。

为了应付，[Flags]您还可以使用C＃Cookbook中的此解决方案：

首先，ALL为您的枚举添加一个新值：

[Flags]
enum Language
{
    CSharp = 1, VBNET = 2, VB6 = 4, 
    All = (CSharp | VBNET | VB6)
}

然后，检查该值是否在中ALL：

public bool HandleFlagsEnum(Language language)
{
    if ((language & Language.All) == language)
    {
        return (true);
    }
    else
    {
        return (false);
    }
}

一种方法是依靠转换和枚举到字符串的转换。当将int转换为Enum类型时，如果未为int定义enum值，则将int转换为相应的enum值，或者所得的enum仅包含int作为值。

enum NetworkStatus{
  Unknown=0,
  Active,
  Slow
}

int statusCode=2;
NetworkStatus netStatus = (NetworkStatus) statusCode;
bool isDefined = netStatus.ToString() != statusCode.ToString();

未测试任何边缘情况。

正如有人说，Enum.IsDefined返回false即使你有位标志的有效组合用于装饰的枚举FlagsAttribute。

可悲的是，创建为有效位标志返回true的方法的唯一方法是冗长：

public static bool ValidateEnumValue<T>(T value) where T : Enum
{
    // Check if a simple value is defined in the enum.
    Type enumType = typeof(T);
    bool valid = Enum.IsDefined(enumType, value);
    // For enums decorated with the FlagsAttribute, allow sets of flags.
    if (!valid && enumType.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(FlagsAttribute), false)?.Any() == true)
    {
        long mask = 0;
        foreach (object definedValue in Enum.GetValues(enumType))
            mask |= Convert.ToInt64(definedValue);
        long longValue = Convert.ToInt64(value);
        valid = (mask & longValue) == longValue;
    }
    return valid;
}

您可能需要将的结果缓存GetCustomAttribute在字典中：

private static readonly Dictionary<Type, bool> _flagEnums = new Dictionary<Type, bool>();
public static bool ValidateEnumValue<T>(T value) where T : Enum
{
    // Check if a simple value is defined in the enum.
    Type enumType = typeof(T);
    bool valid = Enum.IsDefined(enumType, value);
    if (!valid)
    {
        // For enums decorated with the FlagsAttribute, allow sets of flags.
        if (!_flagEnums.TryGetValue(enumType, out bool isFlag))
        {
            isFlag = enumType.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(FlagsAttribute), false)?.Any() == true;
            _flagEnums.Add(enumType, isFlag);
        }
        if (isFlag)
        {
            long mask = 0;
            foreach (object definedValue in Enum.GetValues(enumType))
                mask |= Convert.ToInt64(definedValue);
            long longValue = Convert.ToInt64(value);
            valid = (mask & longValue) == longValue;
        }
    }
    return valid;
}

请注意，以上代码使用了新Enum约束，T该约束仅在C＃7.3起可用。您需要传递object value较旧的版本并调用GetType()它。