如何在Swift脚本中运行终端命令？（例如xcodebuild）

87

我想用swift替换我的CI bash脚本。我不知道如何调用普通的终端命令，例如ls或xcodebuild

#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift

import Foundation // Works
println("Test") // Works
ls // Fails
xcodebuild -workspace myApp.xcworkspace // Fails

$ ./script.swift
./script.swift:5:1: error: use of unresolved identifier 'ls'
ls // Fails
^
... etc ....
swift  bash  shell  xcodebuild 
— 罗伯特
source

Answers:

136

如果您不使用Swift代码中的命令输出，则只需执行以下操作：

#!/usr/bin/env swift

import Foundation

@discardableResult
func shell(_ args: String...) -> Int32 {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = args
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return task.terminationStatus
}

shell("ls")
shell("xcodebuild", "-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace")

更新：针对Swift3 / Xcode8

— 林太郎
source
3
“ NSTask”已重命名为“ Process”
— Mateusz
4
Process（）仍在Swift 4中吗？我收到一个未定义的符号。：/
— Arnaldo Capo
1
@ArnaldoCapo它对我仍然很好！这是一个示例：#!/usr/bin/env swift import Foundation @discardableResult func shell(_ args: String...) -> Int32 { let task = Process() task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env" task.arguments = args task.launch() task.waitUntilExit() return task.terminationStatus } shell("ls")
— CorPruijs
2
我尝试过：我尝试过：i.imgur.com/Ge1OOCG.png
— cyber8200
4
进程仅在macOS上可用
— 浅思
85

如果您想像在命令行中一样“完全”使用命令行参数（不分隔所有参数），请尝试以下操作。

（此答案比LegoLess的答案有所改进，可以在Swift 5中使用）

import Foundation

func shell(_ command: String) -> String {
    let task = Process()
    let pipe = Pipe()

    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.arguments = ["-c", command]
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!

    return output
}

// Example usage:
shell("ls -la")
— 用户名
source
6
这个答案确实应该更高，因为它解决了以前的许多问题。
— 史蒂芬·哈平
1
+1。应当指出对于OSX用户/bin/bash指bash-3.2。如果您想使用bash的更高级功能，请更改路径（/usr/bin/env bash通常是一个不错的选择）
— Aserre
有人可以帮忙吗？参数不及格stackoverflow.com/questions/62203978/...
— 迈赫迪
34

这里的问题是您不能混合和匹配Bash和Swift。您已经知道如何从命令行运行Swift脚本，现在您需要添加方法以在Swift中执行Shell命令。总结来自PracticalSwift博客：

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String?
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

    return output
}

以下Swift代码将xcodebuild使用参数执行，然后输出结果。

shell("xcodebuild", ["-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace"]);

至于搜索目录内容（ls在Bash中是这样），我建议NSFileManager直接在Swift中使用和扫描目录，而不是在Bash输出中使用，这可能会很麻烦。

— 无积木
source
1
很好-我进行了一些编辑以进行编译，但是尝试调用时遇到运行时异常shell("ls", [])-有'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: 'launch path not accessible' 任何想法吗？
— 罗伯特
5
NSTask不会像外壳程序那样搜索可执行文件（使用环境中的PATH）。启动路径必须是绝对路径（例如“ / bin / ls”）或相对于当前工作目录的路径。
— Martin R
stackoverflow.com/questions/386783/…PATH基本上是shell的概念，无法访问。
— Legoless
太好了-现在就可以使用。为了完整起见，我发布了完整的脚本和一些修改。谢谢。
— 罗伯特
2
使用shell（“ cd”，“〜/ Desktop /”），我得到：/ usr / bin / cd：第4行：cd​​：〜/ Desktop /：没有这样的文件或目录
— Zaporozhchenko Oleksandr
21

Swift 3.0中的实用程序功能

这还将返回任务终止状态并等待完成。

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) -> (String? , Int32) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.standardError = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}
— 阿伦
source
5
import Foundation失踪
— Binarian
3
遗憾的是，不适用于iOS。
— 拉斐尔
16

如果您想使用bash环境来调用命令，请使用以下bash函数，该函数使用Legoless的固定版本。我必须从shell函数的结果中删除尾随的换行符。

雨燕3.0：（Xcode8）

import Foundation

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    if output.characters.count > 0 {
        //remove newline character.
        let lastIndex = output.index(before: output.endIndex)
        return output[output.startIndex ..< lastIndex]
    }
    return output
}

func bash(command: String, arguments: [String]) -> String {
    let whichPathForCommand = shell(launchPath: "/bin/bash", arguments: [ "-l", "-c", "which \(command)" ])
    return shell(launchPath: whichPathForCommand, arguments: arguments)
}

例如，获取当前工作目录的当前工作git分支：

let currentBranch = bash("git", arguments: ["describe", "--contains", "--all", "HEAD"])
print("current branch:\(currentBranch)")
— 球团
source
12

基于Legoless答案的完整脚本

#!/usr/bin/env swift

import Foundation

func printShell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) {
    let output = shell(launchPath: launchPath, arguments: arguments)

    if (output != nil) {
        print(output!)
    }
}

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) -> String? {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

    return output
}

// > ls
// > ls -a -g
printShell(launchPath: "/bin/ls")
printShell(launchPath: "/bin/ls", arguments:["-a", "-g"])
— 罗伯特
source
10

自苹果不推荐使用.launchPath和launch（）以来，只是为了对此进行更新，这是Swift 4的更新实用程序函数，应该可以在以后进行验证。

注意：Apple的替换文档（run（），executableURL等）目前基本上为空。

import Foundation

// wrapper function for shell commands
// must provide full path to executable
func shell(_ launchPath: String, _ arguments: [String] = []) -> (String?, Int32) {
  let task = Process()
  task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: launchPath)
  task.arguments = arguments

  let pipe = Pipe()
  task.standardOutput = pipe
  task.standardError = pipe

  do {
    try task.run()
  } catch {
    // handle errors
    print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
  }

  let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
  let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)

  task.waitUntilExit()
  return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}


// valid directory listing test
let (goodOutput, goodStatus) = shell("/bin/ls", ["-la"])
if let out = goodOutput { print("\(out)") }
print("Returned \(goodStatus)\n")

// invalid test
let (badOutput, badStatus) = shell("ls")

应该可以将其直接粘贴到操场上以进行操作。

— 安格斯
source
8

更新Swift 4.0（应对进行更改String）

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    if output.count > 0 {
        //remove newline character.
        let lastIndex = output.index(before: output.endIndex)
        return String(output[output.startIndex ..< lastIndex])
    }
    return output
}

func bash(command: String, arguments: [String]) -> String {
    let whichPathForCommand = shell(launchPath: "/bin/bash", arguments: [ "-l", "-c", "which \(command)" ])
    return shell(launchPath: whichPathForCommand, arguments: arguments)
}
— rougeExciter
source
举个例子
— Gowtham Sooryaraj
3

在尝试了此处发布的一些解决方案之后，我发现执行命令的最佳方法是使用-c参数标记。

@discardableResult func shell(_ command: String) -> (String?, Int32) {
    let task = Process()

    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", command]

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.standardError = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}


let _ = shell("mkdir ~/Desktop/test")
— Lojals
source
0

将Rintaro和Legoless的答案混合为Swift 3

@discardableResult
func shell(_ args: String...) -> String {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = args

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe

    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    guard let output: String = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) else {
        return ""
    }
    return output
}
— 有钱人
source
0

支持env变量的小改进：

func shell(launchPath: String,
           arguments: [String] = [],
           environment: [String : String]? = nil) -> (String , Int32) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments
    if let environment = environment {
        task.environment = environment
    }

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.standardError = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}
— 亚历山大·别利亚夫斯基（Alexander Belyavskiy）
source
0

使用Process类运行Python脚本的示例。

也：

 - added basic exception handling
 - setting environment variables (in my case I had to do it to get Google SDK to authenticate correctly)
 - arguments 







 import Cocoa

func shellTask(_ url: URL, arguments:[String], environment:[String : String]) throws ->(String?, String?){
   let task = Process()
   task.executableURL = url
   task.arguments =  arguments
   task.environment = environment

   let outputPipe = Pipe()
   let errorPipe = Pipe()

   task.standardOutput = outputPipe
   task.standardError = errorPipe
   try task.run()

   let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
   let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

   let output = String(decoding: outputData, as: UTF8.self)
   let error = String(decoding: errorData, as: UTF8.self)

   return (output,error)
}

func pythonUploadTask()
{
   let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/usr/bin/python")
   let pythonScript =  "upload.py"

   let fileToUpload = "/CuteCat.mp4"
   let arguments = [pythonScript,fileToUpload]
   var environment = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment
   environment["PATH"]="usr/local/bin"
   environment["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"] = "/Users/j.chudzynski/GoogleCredentials/credentials.json"
   do {
      let result = try shellTask(url, arguments: arguments, environment: environment)
      if let output = result.0
      {
         print(output)
      }
      if let output = result.1
      {
         print(output)
      }

   } catch  {
      print("Unexpected error:\(error)")
   }
}
— 贾努斯·楚曾斯基
source
您将文件“ upload.py”放在哪里
— Suhaib Roomy
0

我建立了SwiftExec，这是一个用于运行此类命令的小型库：

import SwiftExec

var result: ExecResult
do {
    result = try exec(program: "/usr/bin/git", arguments: ["status"])
} catch {
    let error = error as! ExecError
    result = error.execResult
}

print(result.exitCode!)
print(result.stdout!)
print(result.stderr!)

这是一个单文件库，可以轻松将其复制粘贴到项目中或使用SPM安装。经过测试，可简化错误处理。

还有ShellOut，它还支持各种预定义的命令。

— 巴勒卜
source
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