在Unix / Linux平台上查找操作系统名称和版本的最佳方法

71

我需要在Unix / Linux平台上找到操作系统名称和版本。为此，我尝试了以下操作：

  1. lsb_release 效用

  2. /etc/redhat-release 或特定文件

但这似乎不是最佳解决方案，因为RHEL 7不再支持LSB_RELEASE。

有什么方法可以在任何Unix或Linux平台上工作吗？

linux  unix  operating-system  version 
— 尼拉吉
source
这个问题需要启发式的方法，这就是为什么我给您一个perl的代码片段以在shell中运行的原因
— Gilles Quenot 2014年
3
lsb_release -d将在ubuntu上工作
— Wolfgang Fahl
3
uname在大多数UNIX环境，并保证在每个LSB兼容的Linux发行版：refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_2.0.1/LSB-Core/LSB-Core/...
— technosaurus
如何获得操作系统版本例如。redhat 6.5使用uname吗？
— Niraj 2014年
@Niraj-通过阅读联机帮助页linux.die.net/man/1/uname并查看其输出（假设RH6.5支持该输出）...两种方式都没有（单一）可移植的方式来获取此信息，因为是最不相关的信息。可移植程序应探测所需的功能，而不要使用一些预先检查的发行版白名单。
— Technosaurus

Answers:

136

这对于所有Linux环境都可以正常工作。

#!/bin/sh
cat /etc/*-release

在Ubuntu中：

$ cat /etc/*-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=lucid
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS"

或12.04：

$ cat /etc/*-release

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="12.04.4 LTS, Precise Pangolin"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu precise (12.04.4 LTS)"
VERSION_ID="12.04"

在RHEL中：

$ cat /etc/*-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

或使用此脚本：

#!/bin/sh
# Detects which OS and if it is Linux then it will detect which Linux
# Distribution.

OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`

GetVersionFromFile()
{
    VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ // `
}

if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
    OS=Solaris
    ARCH=`uname -p` 
    OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
    OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
    KERNEL=`uname -r`
    if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
        DIST='RedHat'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
        DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
        REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
    elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
        DIST='Mandrake'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
        DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
        REV=""

    fi
    if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
        DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
    fi

    OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"

fi

echo ${OSSTR}
— 克维韦克
source
1
是的，您是对的，但我不想从* -release文件中读取它。
— Niraj 2014年
我想要像lsb_realease之类的实用工具
— Niraj 2014年
-1：我的archlinux上的输出是Linux 3.16.4-1-ARCH( 3.16.4-1-ARCH x86_64)
— Gilles Quenot 2014年
该脚本很有用，但对于linux来说，它显示== Linux RedHat版本（最终2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64）。我的redhat版本是6.5，但未在输出中显示？
— Niraj 2014年
我在RHEL6.3上进行了测试，结果显示为 Linux RedHat 6.3(Santiago 2.6.32-279.22.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64)
— kvivek
10

“ lsb_release”命令提供某些Linux Standard Base和特定于发行版的信息。因此，使用以下命令，我们可以获得操作系统名称和操作系统版本。

“ lsb_release -a ”

— 妮维莎·贾尚卡（Nivetha Jaishankar）
source
1

用 佩尔和Linux :: Distribution，这是一个老问题的最干净的解决方案：

#!/bin/sh

perl -e '
    use Linux::Distribution qw(distribution_name distribution_version);

    my $linux = Linux::Distribution->new;
    if(my $distro = $linux->distribution_name()) {
          my $version = $linux->distribution_version();
          print "you are running $distro";
          print " version $version" if $version;
          print "\n";
    } else {
          print "distribution unknown\n";
    }
'
— 吉尔·奎诺（Gilles Quenot）
source
1
帖子进行了相应的编辑。您必须安装perl的模块Linux::Distribution
— Gilles Quenot 2014年
liblinux-distribution-perlDebian及衍生产品软件包
— Gilles Quenot 2014年
1

在每个发行版中，它都有不同的文件，所以我写了最常见的文件：

---- CentOS Linux distro
`cat /proc/version`
---- Debian Linux distro
`cat /etc/debian_version`
---- Redhat Linux distro
`cat /etc/redhat-release` 
---- Ubuntu Linux distro
`cat /etc/issue`   or   `cat /etc/lsb-release`

在上一个/ etc / issue中不存在，所以我尝试了第二个，它返回了正确的答案

— 玛丽·贾拉利安（Mary Jalalian）
source
1

我自己使用@kvivek的脚本，它更易于机器解析输出：

#!/bin/sh
# Outputs OS Name, Version & misc. info in a machine-readable way.
# See also NeoFetch for a more professional and elaborate bash script:
# https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch

SEP=","
PRINT_HEADER=false

print_help() {

    echo "`basename $0` - Outputs OS Name, Version & misc. info"
    echo "in a machine-readable way."
    echo
    echo "Usage:"
    echo "    `basename $0` [OPTIONS]"
    echo "Options:"
    echo "    -h, --help           print this help message"
    echo "    -n, --names          print a header line, naming the fields"
    echo "    -s, --separator SEP  overrides the default field-separator ('$SEP') with the supplied one"
}

# parse command-line args
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    arg="$1"
    shift # past switch

    case "${arg}" in
        -h|--help)
            print_help
            exit 0
            ;;
        -n|--names)
            PRINT_HEADER=true
            ;;
        -s|--separator)
            SEP="$1"
            shift # past value
            ;;
        *) # non-/unknown option
            echo "Unknown switch '$arg'" >&2
            print_help
            ;;
    esac
done

OS=`uname -s`
DIST="N/A"
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
PSUEDONAME="N/A"

GetVersionFromFile()
{
    VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ // `
}

if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
    DIST=Solaris
    DIST_VER=`uname -v`
    # also: cat /etc/release
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
    DIST="${OS}"
    DIST_VER=`oslevel -r`
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
    if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
        DIST='RedHat'
        PSUEDONAME=`sed -e 's/.*\(//' -e 's/\)//' /etc/redhat-release `
        DIST_VER=`sed -e 's/.*release\ //' -e 's/\ .*//' /etc/redhat-release `
    elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
        DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
        DIST_VER=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
    elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
        DIST='Mandrake'
        PSUEDONAME=`sed -e 's/.*\(//' -e 's/\)//' /etc/mandrake-release`
        DIST_VER=`sed -e 's/.*release\ //' -e 's/\ .*//' /etc/mandrake-release`
    elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
        DIST="Debian"
        DIST_VER=`cat /etc/debian_version`
    PSUEDONAME=`lsb_release -a 2> /dev/null | grep '^Codename:' | sed -e 's/.*[[:space:]]//'`
    #elif [ -f /etc/gentoo-release ] ; then
        #TODO
    #elif [ -f /etc/slackware-version ] ; then
        #TODO
    elif [ -f /etc/issue ] ; then
        # We use this indirection because /etc/issue may look like
    # "Debian GNU/Linux 10 \n \l"
        ISSUE=`cat /etc/issue`
        ISSUE=`echo -e "${ISSUE}" | head -n 1 | sed -e 's/[[:space:]]\+$//'`
        DIST=`echo -e "${ISSUE}" | sed -e 's/[[:space:]].*//'`
        DIST_VER=`echo -e "${ISSUE}" | sed -e 's/.*[[:space:]]//'`
    fi
    if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
        DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
    fi
    # NOTE `sed -e 's/.*(//' -e 's/).*//' /proc/version`
    #      is an option that worked ~ 2010 and earlier
fi

if $PRINT_HEADER
then
    echo "OS${SEP}Distribution${SEP}Distribution-Version${SEP}Pseudo-Name${SEP}Kernel-Revision${SEP}Machine-Architecture"
fi
echo "${OS}${SEP}${DIST}${SEP}${DIST_VER}${SEP}${PSUEDONAME}${SEP}${REV}${SEP}${MACH}"

注意：仅在Debian 11上测试

示例运行

没有参数

osInfo

输出：

Linux,Debian,10.0,buster,4.19.0-5-amd64,x86_64

具有名称和自定义分隔符的标题

osInfo --names -s "\t| "

输出：

OS  | Distribution  | Distribution-Version  | Pseudo-Name   | Kernel-Revision   | Machine-Architecture
Linux   | Debian    | 10.0  | buster    | 4.19.0-5-amd64    | x86_64

过滤输出

osInfo | awk -e 'BEGIN { FS=","; } { print $2 " " $3 " (" $4 ")" }'

输出：

Debian 10.0 (buster)
— 会ij
source
1

我准备了以下命令来查找有关Linux系统的简要信息： 

clear
echo "\n----------OS Information------------"
hostnamectl | grep "Static hostname:"
hostnamectl | tail -n 3
echo "\n----------Memory Information------------"
cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal
echo "\n----------CPU Information------------"
echo -n "Number of core(s): "
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | head -n 1
echo "\n----------Disk Information------------"
echo -n "Total Size: "
df -h --total | tail -n 1| awk '{print $2}'
echo -n "Used: "
df -h --total | tail -n 1| awk '{print $3}'
echo -n "Available: "
df -h --total | tail -n 1| awk '{print $4}'
echo "\n-------------------------------------\n"

复制并粘贴到像info.sh这样的sh文件中，然后使用命令sh info.sh运行它

— MRazian
source
尽管这样做可以获得有用的信息，但不能回答问题（获取操作系统名称和版本）
— Cocowalla
0

带引号：

cat /etc/*-release | grep "PRETTY_NAME" | sed 's/PRETTY_NAME=//g'

输出为： 

"CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"

不带引号：

cat /etc/*-release | grep "PRETTY_NAME" | sed 's/PRETTY_NAME=//g' | sed 's/"//g'

输出为：

CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
— 索拉·尼玛德（Saurabh Nemade）
source
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