如何在Maven中配置settings.xml？另外，请共享一个示例settings.xml。
Answers:
这是带有注释的股票“ settings.xml”（底部的完整/未切碎文件）
执照：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->主要文档和顶部：
<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single
| user, and is normally provided in
| ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all
| Maven users on a machine (assuming they're all using the
| same Maven installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start
| at getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the
| default values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">本地存储库，交互模式，插件组：
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ~/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set
| to false, maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some
| other setting, for the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->
<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when
| executing a build. This will have an effect on artifact downloads,
| artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->
<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when
| resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e. when invoking a command line like
| "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not
| already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>代理：
<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to
| the network. Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-
| line switch), the first proxy specification in this list marked as active
| will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>服务器：
<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used
| within the system. Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must
| make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a
| particular server, identified by a unique name within the system
| (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR
| privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>后视镜
<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote
| repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving
| certain artifacts. However, this repository may have problems with heavy
| traffic at times, so people have mirrored it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a
| mirror reference for that repository, to be used as an alternate download
| site. The mirror site will be the preferred server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository.
| The repository that this mirror serves has an ID that matches the
| mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used for inheritance and direct
| lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
</mirrors>个人资料（1/3）：
<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways,
| and which can modify the build process. Profiles provided in the
| settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-specific paths and
| repository locations which allow the build to work in the local
| environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus -
| that needs to know where your Tomcat instance is installed, you can
| provide a variable here such that the variable is dereferenced during the
| build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One
| way - the activeProfiles section of this document (settings.xml) - will be
| discussed later. Another way essentially relies on the detection of a
| system property, either matching a particular value for the property, or
| merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK
| version prefix, where a value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the
| build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'. Finally, the list of
| active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to
| specifying only artifact repositories, plugin repositories, and
| free-form properties to be used as configuration variables for
| plugins in the POM.
|
|-->个人资料（2/3）：
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated
| using one or more of the mechanisms described above. For inheritance
| purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/> or the
| command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a
| consistent naming convention for profiles, such as 'env-dev',
| 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc. This
| will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced
| profiles is attempting to accomplish, particularly when you only have a
| list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and
| provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->个人资料（3/3）：
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env'
| with a value of 'dev', which provides a specific path to the Tomcat
| instance. To use this, your plugin configuration might hypothetically
| look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone
| set 'target-env' to anything, you could just leave off the
| <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>底部：
<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->
<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single
| user, and is normally provided in
| ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all
| Maven users on a machine (assuming they're all using the
| same Maven installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start
| at getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the
| default values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ~/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set
| to false, maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some
| other setting, for the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->
<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when
| executing a build. This will have an effect on artifact downloads,
| artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->
<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when
| resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e. when invoking a command line like
| "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not
| already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>
<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to
| the network. Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-
| line switch), the first proxy specification in this list marked as active
| will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>
<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used
| within the system. Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must
| make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a
| particular server, identified by a unique name within the system
| (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR
| privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>
<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote
| repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving
| certain artifacts. However, this repository may have problems with heavy
| traffic at times, so people have mirrored it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a
| mirror reference for that repository, to be used as an alternate download
| site. The mirror site will be the preferred server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository.
| The repository that this mirror serves has an ID that matches the
| mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used for inheritance and direct
| lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
</mirrors>
<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways,
| and which can modify the build process. Profiles provided in the
| settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-specific paths and
| repository locations which allow the build to work in the local
| environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus -
| that needs to know where your Tomcat instance is installed, you can
| provide a variable here such that the variable is dereferenced during the
| build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One
| way - the activeProfiles section of this document (settings.xml) - will be
| discussed later. Another way essentially relies on the detection of a
| system property, either matching a particular value for the property, or
| merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK
| version prefix, where a value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the
| build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'. Finally, the list of
| active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to
| specifying only artifact repositories, plugin repositories, and
| free-form properties to be used as configuration variables for
| plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated
| using one or more of the mechanisms described above. For inheritance
| purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/> or the
| command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a
| consistent naming convention for profiles, such as 'env-dev',
| 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc. This
| will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced
| profiles is attempting to accomplish, particularly when you only have a
| list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and
| provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env'
| with a value of 'dev', which provides a specific path to the Tomcat
| instance. To use this, your plugin configuration might hypothetically
| look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone
| set 'target-env' to anything, you could just leave off the
| <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>
<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings>settings.xml：github.com/apache/maven/blob/master/apache-maven/src/conf/…–
Maven的用户特定配置的参考可以在线获得，共享一个settings.xml与你，因为这些设置是特定的用户。
如果您需要配置代理，请查看有关代理的部分。
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"> ... <proxies> <proxy> <id>myproxy</id> <active>true</active> <protocol>http</protocol> <host>proxy.somewhere.com</host> <port>8080</port> <username>proxyuser</username> <password>somepassword</password> <nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts> </proxy> </proxies> ... </settings>
id：此代理的唯一标识符。这用于区分代理元素。active：如果此代理处于活动状态，则为true。这对于声明一组代理很有用，但是一次只能激活一个代理。protocol, host, port：代理的协议：//主机：端口，分为独立的元素。username, password：这些元素显示为一对，表示验证此代理服务器所需的登录名和密码。nonProxyHosts：这是不应该代理的主机列表。列表的定界符是代理服务器的预期类型。上面的示例是管道分隔符-逗号分隔也是常见的
标准Maven settings.xml文件如下：
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.1.0.xsd">
<localRepository/>
<interactiveMode/>
<usePluginRegistry/>
<offline/>
<proxies>
<proxy>
<active/>
<protocol/>
<username/>
<password/>
<port/>
<host/>
<nonProxyHosts/>
<id/>
</proxy>
</proxies>
<servers>
<server>
<username/>
<password/>
<privateKey/>
<passphrase/>
<filePermissions/>
<directoryPermissions/>
<configuration/>
<id/>
</server>
</servers>
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<mirrorOf/>
<name/>
<url/>
<layout/>
<mirrorOfLayouts/>
<id/>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<profiles>
<profile>
<activation>
<activeByDefault/>
<jdk/>
<os>
<name/>
<family/>
<arch/>
<version/>
</os>
<property>
<name/>
<value/>
</property>
<file>
<missing/>
<exists/>
</file>
</activation>
<properties>
<key>value</key>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<releases>
<enabled/>
<updatePolicy/>
<checksumPolicy/>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled/>
<updatePolicy/>
<checksumPolicy/>
</snapshots>
<id/>
<name/>
<url/>
<layout/>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<releases>
<enabled/>
<updatePolicy/>
<checksumPolicy/>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled/>
<updatePolicy/>
<checksumPolicy/>
</snapshots>
<id/>
<name/>
<url/>
<layout/>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<id/>
</profile>
</profiles>
<activeProfiles/>
<pluginGroups/>
</settings>要访问proxy，您可以在以下官方Maven页面上找到详细信息：
我希望它对某人有帮助。
<profile>
<id>sonar</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<sonar.jdbc.url>jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonar</sonar.jdbc.url>
<sonar.jdbc.driver>org.postgresql.Driver</sonar.jdbc.driver>
<sonar.jdbc.username>sonar</sonar.jdbc.username>
<sonar.jdbc.password>sonar</sonar.jdbc.password>
<!-- SERVER ON A REMOTE HOST -->
<sonar.host.url>http://localhost:9000</sonar.host.url>
</properties>
</profile>