在Visual Studio解决方案中更改所有项目的目标框架

我需要更改所有项目的目标框架。我有数百个项目的许多解决方案。

这里有什么新东西，还是我必须更改每个项目？

您可以使用CodeProject上可用的Scott Dorman的Visual Studio宏来做到这一点：

Visual Studio 2010和目标框架版本

下面是代码，将其下载到您的<UserProfile>\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\VSMacros80\MyMacros文件夹，打开Visual Studio Macro IDE（Alt-F11）并将其作为现有项添加到“ MyMacros”项目中：

'------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Visual Studio 2008 Macros
'
' ProjectUtilities.vb
'
'------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Scott Dorman (sj_dorman@hotmail.com)
'
' This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
' modify it under the terms of the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL).
'
' This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
' but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
' MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
' Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL) for more details.
'------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imports System
Imports EnvDTE
Imports EnvDTE80
Imports EnvDTE90
Imports System.Diagnostics

Public Module ProjectUtilities

    Private Class ProjectGuids
        Public Const vsWindowsCSharp As String = "{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}"
        Public Const vsWindowsVBNET As String = "{F184B08F-C81C-45F6-A57F-5ABD9991F28F}"
        Public Const vsWindowsVisualCPP As String = "{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}"
        Public Const vsWebApplication As String = "{349C5851-65DF-11DA-9384-00065B846F21}"
        Public Const vsWebSite As String = "{E24C65DC-7377-472B-9ABA-BC803B73C61A}"
        Public Const vsDistributedSystem As String = "{F135691A-BF7E-435D-8960-F99683D2D49C}"
        Public Const vsWCF As String = "{3D9AD99F-2412-4246-B90B-4EAA41C64699}"
        Public Const vsWPF As String = "{60DC8134-EBA5-43B8-BCC9-BB4BC16C2548}"
        Public Const vsVisualDatabaseTools As String = "{C252FEB5-A946-4202-B1D4-9916A0590387}"
        Public Const vsDatabase As String = "{A9ACE9BB-CECE-4E62-9AA4-C7E7C5BD2124}"
        Public Const vsDatabaseOther As String = "{4F174C21-8C12-11D0-8340-0000F80270F8}"
        Public Const vsTest As String = "{3AC096D0-A1C2-E12C-1390-A8335801FDAB}"
        Public Const vsLegacy2003SmartDeviceCSharp As String = "{20D4826A-C6FA-45DB-90F4-C717570B9F32}"
        Public Const vsLegacy2003SmartDeviceVBNET As String = "{CB4CE8C6-1BDB-4DC7-A4D3-65A1999772F8}"
        Public Const vsSmartDeviceCSharp As String = "{4D628B5B-2FBC-4AA6-8C16-197242AEB884}"
        Public Const vsSmartDeviceVBNET As String = "{68B1623D-7FB9-47D8-8664-7ECEA3297D4F}"
        Public Const vsWorkflowCSharp As String = "{14822709-B5A1-4724-98CA-57A101D1B079}"
        Public Const vsWorkflowVBNET As String = "{D59BE175-2ED0-4C54-BE3D-CDAA9F3214C8}"
        Public Const vsDeploymentMergeModule As String = "{06A35CCD-C46D-44D5-987B-CF40FF872267}"
        Public Const vsDeploymentCab As String = "{3EA9E505-35AC-4774-B492-AD1749C4943A}"
        Public Const vsDeploymentSetup As String = "{978C614F-708E-4E1A-B201-565925725DBA}"
        Public Const vsDeploymentSmartDeviceCab As String = "{AB322303-2255-48EF-A496-5904EB18DA55}"
        Public Const vsVSTA As String = "{A860303F-1F3F-4691-B57E-529FC101A107}"
        Public Const vsVSTO As String = "{BAA0C2D2-18E2-41B9-852F-F413020CAA33}"
        Public Const vsSharePointWorkflow As String = "{F8810EC1-6754-47FC-A15F-DFABD2E3FA90}"
    End Class

    '' Defines the valid target framework values.
    Enum TargetFramework
        Fx40 = 262144
        Fx35 = 196613
        Fx30 = 196608
        Fx20 = 131072
    End Enum

    '' Change the target framework for all projects in the current solution.
    Sub ChangeTargetFrameworkForAllProjects()
        Dim project As EnvDTE.Project
        Dim clientProfile As Boolean = False

        Write("--------- CHANGING TARGET .NET FRAMEWORK VERSION -------------")
        Try
            If Not DTE.Solution.IsOpen Then
                Write("There is no solution open.")
            Else              
                Dim targetFrameworkInput As String = InputBox("Enter the target framework version (Fx40, Fx35, Fx30, Fx20):", "Target Framework", "Fx40")
                Dim targetFramework As TargetFramework = [Enum].Parse(GetType(TargetFramework), targetFrameworkInput)

                If targetFramework = ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx35 Or targetFramework = ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx40 Then
                    Dim result As MsgBoxResult = MsgBox("The .NET Framework version chosen supports a Client Profile. Would you like to use that profile?", MsgBoxStyle.Question Or MsgBoxStyle.YesNo, "Target Framework Profile")
                    If result = MsgBoxResult.Yes Then
                        clientProfile = True
                    End If
                End If

                For Each project In DTE.Solution.Projects
                    If project.Kind <> Constants.vsProjectKindSolutionItems And project.Kind <> Constants.vsProjectKindMisc Then
                        ChangeTargetFramework(project, targetFramework, clientProfile)
                    Else
                        For Each projectItem In project.ProjectItems
                            If Not (projectItem.SubProject Is Nothing) Then
                                ChangeTargetFramework(projectItem.SubProject, targetFramework, clientProfile)
                            End If
                        Next

                    End If
                Next
            End If
        Catch ex As System.Exception
            Write(ex.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub

    '' Change the target framework for a project.
    Function ChangeTargetFramework(ByVal project As EnvDTE.Project, ByVal targetFramework As TargetFramework, ByVal clientProfile As Boolean) As Boolean
        Dim changed As Boolean = True

        If project.Kind = Constants.vsProjectKindSolutionItems Or project.Kind = Constants.vsProjectKindMisc Then
            For Each projectItem In project.ProjectItems
                If Not (projectItem.SubProject Is Nothing) Then
                    ChangeTargetFramework(projectItem.SubProject, targetFramework, clientProfile)
                End If
            Next
        Else
            Try
                If IsLegalProjectType(project) Then
                    SetTargetFramework(project, targetFramework, clientProfile)
                Else
                    Write("Skipping project: " + project.Name + " (" + project.Kind + ")")
                End If
            Catch ex As Exception
                Write(ex.Message)
                changed = False
            End Try
        End If

        Return changed
    End Function

    '' Determines if the project is a project that actually supports changing the target framework.
    Function IsLegalProjectType(ByVal proejct As EnvDTE.Project) As Boolean
        Dim legalProjectType As Boolean = True

        Select Case proejct.Kind
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDatabase
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDatabaseOther
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDeploymentCab
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDeploymentMergeModule
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDeploymentSetup
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDeploymentSmartDeviceCab
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsDistributedSystem
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsLegacy2003SmartDeviceCSharp
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsLegacy2003SmartDeviceVBNET
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsSharePointWorkflow
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsSmartDeviceCSharp
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsSmartDeviceVBNET
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsTest
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsVisualDatabaseTools
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsVSTA
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsVSTO
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWCF
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWebApplication
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWebSite
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWindowsCSharp
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWindowsVBNET
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWindowsVisualCPP
                legalProjectType = True
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWorkflowCSharp
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWorkflowVBNET
                legalProjectType = False
            Case ProjectGuids.vsWPF
                legalProjectType = True
            Case Else
                legalProjectType = False
        End Select
        Return legalProjectType
    End Function

    '' Sets the target framework for the project to the specified framework.
    Sub SetTargetFramework(ByVal project As EnvDTE.Project, ByVal targetFramework As TargetFramework, ByVal clientProfile As Boolean)
        Dim currentTargetFramework As TargetFramework = CType(project.Properties.Item("TargetFramework").Value, TargetFramework)
        Dim targetMoniker As String = GetTargetFrameworkMoniker(targetFramework, clientProfile)
        Dim currentMoniker As String = project.Properties.Item("TargetFrameworkMoniker").Value

        If currentMoniker <> targetMoniker Then
            Write("Changing project: " + project.Name + " from " + currentMoniker + " to " + targetMoniker + ".")
            project.Properties.Item("TargetFrameworkMoniker").Value = targetMoniker
            project.Properties.Item("TargetFramework").Value = targetFramework
        Else
            Write("Skipping project: " + project.Name + ", already at the correct target framework.")
        End If
    End Sub

    Function GetTargetFrameworkMoniker(ByVal targetFramework As TargetFramework, ByVal clientProfile As Boolean) As String
        Dim moniker As String = ".NETFramework,Version=v"
        Select Case targetFramework
            Case ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx20
                moniker += "2.0"

            Case ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx30
                moniker += "3.0"

            Case ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx35
                moniker += "3.5"

            Case ProjectUtilities.TargetFramework.Fx40
                moniker += "4.0"

        End Select

        If clientProfile Then
            moniker += ",Profile=Client"
        End If

        Return moniker
    End Function

    '' Writes a message to the output window
    Sub Write(ByVal s As String)
        Dim out As OutputWindowPane = GetOutputWindowPane("Change Target Framework", True)
        out.OutputString(s)
        out.OutputString(vbCrLf)
    End Sub

    '' Gets an instance of the output window
    Function GetOutputWindowPane(ByVal Name As String, Optional ByVal show As Boolean = True) As OutputWindowPane
        Dim win As Window = DTE.Windows.Item(EnvDTE.Constants.vsWindowKindOutput)
        If show Then win.Visible = True
        Dim ow As OutputWindow = win.Object
        Dim owpane As OutputWindowPane
        Try
            owpane = ow.OutputWindowPanes.Item(Name)
        Catch e As System.Exception
            owpane = ow.OutputWindowPanes.Add(Name)
        End Try
        owpane.Activate()
        Return owpane
    End Function

End Module

刚刚发布的 Target Framework Migrator，Visual Studio Extension，用于一次更改多个.Net项目Target Framework

我曾经做过的PowerShell脚本。承认布鲁斯武力。

Get-ChildItem . -Recurse -Filter *.*proj |ForEach {
    $content = Get-Content $_.FullName
    $content |ForEach {
        $_.Replace("<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>", "<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>")
    } |Set-Content $_.FullName
}

总有简单。一个不错的文本编辑器（例如notepad ++）将包括“查找/替换文件”功能。只需在csproj / vbproj文件中搜索当前版本字符串：

<TargetFrameworkVersion>v3.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>

并替换为新版本

<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>

不过最好先退房...

从bash：

$find . -name "*.csproj" -exec sed -b -i "s,<TargetFrameworkVersion>[^<]*</TargetFrameworkVersion>,<TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.6.1</TargetFrameworkVersion>," {} \;

我认为到目前为止，最简单的方法是使用搜索和替换工具。如果它支持正则表达式，则是一个优势。

那里肯定有很多东西-我测试的第一个为我工作，但是：http : //www.ecobyte.com/replacetext/

有一个注释说它在Win7上有一些问题，但是我没有遇到过。

该工具中的分步说明：

1. 更换| 添加组| 命名（例如“ MyGroup”）
2. 右键单击MyGroup | 添加文件...
3. 选择您的来源（例如，使用文件夹，浏览到要更改的项目的根文件夹）
4. 如有必要，设置“包含文件过滤器”（例如* .csproj）
5. 右键单击“原始文本”下的行。进阶编辑...
6. 在搜索文本框中输入正则表达式（例如<TargetFrameworkVersion>.*</TargetFrameworkVersion>）
7. 在搜索文本下方的组合框中选择“正则表达式搜索”
8. 输入替换文字（例如<TargetFrameworkVersion>4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>）
9. 选择目标和备份设置（默认情况下将创建备份）
10. 开始更换（Ctrl + R）

现在，如果由于某种原因您需要在代码中执行此操作，那么我可能也可以执行该操作（这就是我发现此问题的方式）。在这种情况下，请在评论中提出要求。

Pavel Samokha（VHQLabs）编写的Target Framework Migrator

http://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/47bded90-80d8-42af-bc35-4736fdd8cd13

有条件的正则表达式使我头疼。因此，这是用于搜索/替换的编码解决方案（我尽量避免使用EnvDTE）。

顺序似乎与项目文件条目无关紧要：

尝试以下方法：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace TextReplaceDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                ReplaceTargetFrameworkVersion("v4.0", "c:/projekt/2005", "*.csproj");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the denoted targetFramework into all occurrences of TargetFrameworkVersion.
        /// If the TargetFrameworkVersion is not present in the file, the method searches for the 
        /// OutputType tag, which should be present, and inserts the TargetFrameworkVersion before that.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="targetFramework">New target framework (e.g. "v4.0")</param>
        /// <param name="rootDirectory">Root directory for the file search (e.g. "c:\Projects\2005")</param>
        /// <param name="fileSearchPattern">Pattern to find the project files (e.g. "*.csproj). 
        /// Will get all files for empty parameter.</param>
        public static void ReplaceTargetFrameworkVersion(string targetFramework, string rootDirectory, string fileSearchPattern)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(targetFramework)) throw new ArgumentNullException("targetFramework");
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rootDirectory)) throw new ArgumentNullException("rootDirectory");
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileSearchPattern)) fileSearchPattern = "*.*";

            string regexPattern = "<TargetFrameworkVersion>.*</TargetFrameworkVersion>";
            string insertText = string.Format("<TargetFrameworkVersion>{0}</TargetFrameworkVersion>", targetFramework);
            string alternativeMarker = "<OutputType>";

            // get all files
            List<FileInfo> files = GetAllFiles(rootDirectory, fileSearchPattern);

            // iterate over found files
            foreach (var file in files)
            {
                string fileContent = File.ReadAllText(file.FullName);
                Match match = Regex.Match(fileContent, regexPattern);
                string newfileContent = null;
                if (match.Success)
                {
                    // replace <TargetFrameworkVersion>
                    newfileContent = fileContent.Replace(match.Value, insertText);
                }
                else if (fileContent.Contains(alternativeMarker))
                {
                    // create <TargetFrameworkVersion>
                    newfileContent = fileContent.Replace(alternativeMarker,
                        insertText + Environment.NewLine + "    " + alternativeMarker);
                }

                // overwrite file
                if (newfileContent != null)
                    File.WriteAllText(file.FullName, newfileContent);
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Recursive function to find all files in a directory by a searchPattern
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">Path to the root directory</param>
        /// <param name="searchPattern">Pattern for the file search, e.g. "*.txt"</param>
        public static List<FileInfo> GetAllFiles(string path, string searchPattern)
        {
            List<FileInfo> files = new List<FileInfo>();

            DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(path);

            if (dir.Exists)
            {
                // get all files in directory
                files.AddRange(dir.GetFiles(searchPattern));

                // get all files of subdirectories
                foreach (var subDir in dir.GetDirectories())
                {
                    files.AddRange(GetAllFiles(subDir.FullName, searchPattern));
                }
            }
            return files;
        }
    }
}

您可以使用宏来执行此操作，或者记住VS项目文件是文本文件，这意味着简单的全局搜索和替换可以实现相同的目的，并且是对许多项目文件进行相同更改的更通用的技术。

首先备份现有的项目文件，然后进行所需的更改（例如，更改目标框架）。使用WinDiff或WinMerge将新项目文件与备份进行比较。这将告诉您您需要进行的更改。然后，使用Visual Studio IDE的“在文件中查找和替换”功能对所有项目文件进行更改。

没有外部工具（并且具有更改其他设置的能力，例如ToolsVersion）的替代方法：

1. 使用Visual Studio在临时目录中创建一个新的c＃控制台项目'ManageCSProjFiles'（或您喜欢的任何名称）。确保选中“将解决方案和项目放在同一目录中”
2. 从项目中删除Program.cs和Properties / AssemblyInfo.cs。无需编译项目。
3. 保存该项目并关闭Visual Studio。
4. 使用文本编辑器打开ManageCSProjFiles.csproj。在最后一行之前，在底部添加以下几行：

  <ItemGroup>
    <None Include="**\*.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

5. 将ManageCSProjFiles.sln和ManageCSProjFiles.csproj复制到解决方案树的最顶层目录。
6. 如果在Visual Studio中加载ManageCSProjFiles解决方案，它现在将显示所有.csproj文件，您可以使用Visual Studio中的搜索/替换工具对其进行更改。

这可以很容易地扩展到其他项目类型。