得到一个集中在中心的随机数

$(function () {
    $('button').click(function () {
        var outOfBoundsChance = .2;
        var num = 0;
        if (Math.random() <= outOfBoundsChance) {
            num = getRandomInt(1, 100);
        } else {
            num = getRandomInt(40, 60);
        }
        $('#out').text(num);
    });
    
    function getRandomInt(min, max) {
        return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
    }
});

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<button>Generate</button>
<div id="out"></div>

var loops = 10;
var tries = 10;
var div = $("#results").html(random());
function random() {
    var values = "";
    for(var i=0; i < loops; i++) {
        var numTries = tries;
        do {
            var num = Math.floor((Math.random() * 100) + 1);
            numTries--;
        }
        while((num < 40 || num >60) && numTries > 1)
        values += num + "<br/>";
    }
    return values;
}

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="results"></div>

/*
 * Function that returns a function that maps random number to value according to map of probability
 */
function createDistributionFunction(data) {
  // cache data + some pre-calculations
  var cache = [];
  var i;
  for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
    cache[i] = {};
    cache[i].valueMin = data[i].values[0];
    cache[i].valueMax = data[i].values[1];
    cache[i].rangeMin = i === 0 ? 0 : cache[i - 1].rangeMax;
    cache[i].rangeMax = cache[i].rangeMin + data[i].weight;
  }
  return function(random) {
    var value;
    for (i = 0; i < cache.length; i++) {
      // this maps random number to the bracket and the value inside that bracket
      if (cache[i].rangeMin <= random && random < cache[i].rangeMax) {
        value = (random - cache[i].rangeMin) / (cache[i].rangeMax - cache[i].rangeMin);
        value *= cache[i].valueMax - cache[i].valueMin + 1;
        value += cache[i].valueMin;
        return Math.floor(value);
      }
    }
  };
}

/*
 * Example usage
 */
var distributionFunction = createDistributionFunction([
  { weight: 0.1, values: [1, 40] },
  { weight: 0.8, values: [41, 60] },
  { weight: 0.1, values: [61, 100] }
]);

/*
 * Test the example and draw results using Google charts API
 */
function testAndDrawResult() {
  var counts = [];
  var i;
  var value;
  // run the function in a loop and count the number of occurrences of each value
  for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
    value = distributionFunction(Math.random());
    counts[value] = (counts[value] || 0) + 1;
  }
  // convert results to datatable and display
  var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();
  data.addColumn("number", "Value");
  data.addColumn("number", "Count");
  for (value = 0; value < counts.length; value++) {
    if (counts[value] !== undefined) {
      data.addRow([value, counts[value]]);
    }
  }
  var chart = new google.visualization.ColumnChart(document.getElementById("chart"));
  chart.draw(data);
}
google.load("visualization", "1", { packages: ["corechart"] });
google.setOnLoadCallback(testAndDrawResult);

<script src="https://www.google.com/jsapi"></script>
<div id="chart"></div>

function weighted() {

  var w = 4;

  // number 1 to w
  var r = Math.floor(Math.random() * w) + 1;

  if (r === 1) { // 1/w goes to outside 40-60
    var n = Math.floor(Math.random() * 80) + 1;
    if (n >= 40 && n <= 60) n += 40;
    return n
  }
  // w-1/w goes to 40-60 range.
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * 21) + 40;
}

function test() {
  var counts = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
    var n = weighted();
    if (!counts[n]) counts[n] = 0;
    counts[n] ++;
  }
  var output = document.getElementById('output');
  var o = "";
  for (var i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
    o += i + " - " + (counts[i] | 0) + "\n";
  }
  output.innerHTML = o;
}

test();

<pre id="output"></pre>

var loops = 10; //Number of numbers generated
var min = 1,
    max = 50;
var div = $("#results").html(random());

function random() {
    var values = "";
    for (var i = 0; i < loops; i++) {
        var one = generate();
        var two = generate();
        var ans = one + two - 1;
        var num = values += ans + "<br/>";
    }
    return values;
}

function generate() {
    return Math.floor((Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min);
}

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="results"></div>

// 90% of random numbers should be between 40 to 60.
var weight_percentage = 90;

var focuse_on_center = ( (Math.random() * 100) < weight_percentage );

if(focuse_on_center)
{
	// generate a random number within the 40-60 range.
	alert (40 + Math.random() * 20 + 1);
}
else
{
	// generate a random number within the 1-100 range.
	alert (Math.random() * 100 + 1);
}