如何在Python中获得监视器分辨率？

获得监视器分辨率（最好是在元组中）的最简单方法是什么？

在Windows上：

from win32api import GetSystemMetrics

print("Width =", GetSystemMetrics(0))
print("Height =", GetSystemMetrics(1))

如果使用高分辨率屏幕，请确保您的python解释器为HIGHDPIAWARE。

根据这篇文章。

在Windows中，您还可以将ctypes与GetSystemMetrics()以下命令一起使用：

import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
screensize = user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)

这样您就不需要安装pywin32软件包；它不需要Python本身没有的任何东西。

对于多显示器设置，您可以检索虚拟显示器的宽度和高度的组合：

import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
screensize = user32.GetSystemMetrics(78), user32.GetSystemMetrics(79)

为此，我创建了一个PyPI模块：

pip install screeninfo

代码：

from screeninfo import get_monitors
for m in get_monitors():
    print(str(m))

结果：

monitor(1920x1080+1920+0)
monitor(1920x1080+0+0)

它支持多监视器环境。其目标是成为跨平台的平台。目前，它支持Cygwin和X11，但完全欢迎请求请求。

如果您使用的是wxWindows，则只需执行以下操作：

import wx

app = wx.App(False) # the wx.App object must be created first.    
print(wx.GetDisplaySize())  # returns a tuple

直接取自这篇文章的答案：如何在Tkinter中获得屏幕尺寸？

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()

screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()

在Windows 8.1上，我无法从ctypes或tk中获得正确的分辨率。其他人对于ctypes也有同样的问题：getsystemmetrics返回错误的屏幕尺寸 要在Windows 8.1上获得高DPI监视器的正确全分辨率，必须调用SetProcessDPIAware并使用以下代码：

import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
user32.SetProcessDPIAware()
[w, h] = [user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)]

以下是完整详细信息：

我发现这是因为Windows正在报告缩放的分辨率。看来python默认是“系统dpi感知”应用程序。DPI感知应用程序的类型在此处列出：http : //msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/desktop/dn469266%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#dpi_and_the_desktop_scaling_factor

基本上，不是将内容显示在整个监视器分辨率上（这会使字体变小），而是按比例放大内容，直到字体足够大为止。

在我的显示器上，我得到：
物理分辨率：2560 x 1440（220 DPI）
报告的python分辨率：1555 x 875（158 DPI）

每个Windows站点：http : //msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa770067%28v=vs.85%29.aspx 报告的系统有效分辨率的公式为：（reported_px * current_dpi）/（96 dpi ）= physical_px

我可以使用以下代码获得正确的全屏分辨率和当前的DPI。请注意，我调用SetProcessDPIAware（）来允许程序查看实际分辨率。

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()

width_px = root.winfo_screenwidth()
height_px = root.winfo_screenheight() 
width_mm = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()
height_mm = root.winfo_screenmmheight() 
# 2.54 cm = in
width_in = width_mm / 25.4
height_in = height_mm / 25.4
width_dpi = width_px/width_in
height_dpi = height_px/height_in 

print('Width: %i px, Height: %i px' % (width_px, height_px))
print('Width: %i mm, Height: %i mm' % (width_mm, height_mm))
print('Width: %f in, Height: %f in' % (width_in, height_in))
print('Width: %f dpi, Height: %f dpi' % (width_dpi, height_dpi))

import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
user32.SetProcessDPIAware()
[w, h] = [user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)]
print('Size is %f %f' % (w, h))

curr_dpi = w*96/width_px
print('Current DPI is %f' % (curr_dpi))    

哪个返回：

Width: 1555 px, Height: 875 px
Width: 411 mm, Height: 232 mm
Width: 16.181102 in, Height: 9.133858 in
Width: 96.099757 dpi, Height: 95.797414 dpi
Size is 2560.000000 1440.000000
Current DPI is 158.045016

我正在使用支持220 DPI的监视器运行Windows 8.1。我的显示比例将我的当前DPI设置为158。

我将使用158来确保我的matplotlib图的大小正确：from pylab import rcParams rcParams ['figure.dpi'] = curr_dpi

为了完整起见，Mac OS X

import AppKit
[(screen.frame().size.width, screen.frame().size.height)
    for screen in AppKit.NSScreen.screens()]

将为您提供包含所有屏幕尺寸的元组列表（如果存在多个监视器）

如果Qt专门使用工具箱PySide，则可以执行以下操作：

from PySide import QtGui
import sys

app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
screen_rect = app.desktop().screenGeometry()
width, height = screen_rect.width(), screen_rect.height()

使用Linux，最简单的方法是执行bash命令

xrandr | grep '*'

并使用regexp解析其输出。

您也可以通过PyGame做到这一点：http ://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread54881.html

这是一个快速的Python小程序，将显示有关多显示器设置的信息：

import gtk

window = gtk.Window()

# the screen contains all monitors
screen = window.get_screen()
print "screen size: %d x %d" % (gtk.gdk.screen_width(),gtk.gdk.screen_height())

# collect data about each monitor
monitors = []
nmons = screen.get_n_monitors()
print "there are %d monitors" % nmons
for m in range(nmons):
  mg = screen.get_monitor_geometry(m)
  print "monitor %d: %d x %d" % (m,mg.width,mg.height)
  monitors.append(mg)

# current monitor
curmon = screen.get_monitor_at_window(screen.get_active_window())
x, y, width, height = monitors[curmon]
print "monitor %d: %d x %d (current)" % (curmon,width,height)  

这是其输出的示例：

screen size: 5120 x 1200
there are 3 monitors
monitor 0: 1600 x 1200
monitor 1: 1920 x 1200
monitor 2: 1600 x 1200
monitor 1: 1920 x 1200 (current)

我在以下项目之一中使用get_screen_resolution方法，该方法基本上是一个导入链。您可以根据需要进行修改，方法是删除不需要的部分，并在链中向上移动更可能的端口。

PYTHON_V3 = sys.version_info >= (3,0,0) and sys.version_info < (4,0,0):
#[...]
    def get_screen_resolution(self, measurement="px"):
        """
        Tries to detect the screen resolution from the system.
        @param measurement: The measurement to describe the screen resolution in. Can be either 'px', 'inch' or 'mm'. 
        @return: (screen_width,screen_height) where screen_width and screen_height are int types according to measurement.
        """
        mm_per_inch = 25.4
        px_per_inch =  72.0 #most common
        try: # Platforms supported by GTK3, Fx Linux/BSD
            from gi.repository import Gdk 
            screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
            if measurement=="px":
                width = screen.get_width()
                height = screen.get_height()
            elif measurement=="inch":
                width = screen.get_width_mm()/mm_per_inch
                height = screen.get_height_mm()/mm_per_inch
            elif measurement=="mm":
                width = screen.get_width_mm()
                height = screen.get_height_mm()
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
            return (width,height)
        except:
            try: #Probably the most OS independent way
                if PYTHON_V3: 
                    import tkinter 
                else:
                    import Tkinter as tkinter
                root = tkinter.Tk()
                if measurement=="px":
                    width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
                    height = root.winfo_screenheight()
                elif measurement=="inch":
                    width = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()/mm_per_inch
                    height = root.winfo_screenmmheight()/mm_per_inch
                elif measurement=="mm":
                    width = root.winfo_screenmmwidth()
                    height = root.winfo_screenmmheight()
                else:
                    raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                return (width,height)
            except:
                try: #Windows only
                    from win32api import GetSystemMetrics 
                    width_px = GetSystemMetrics (0)
                    height_px = GetSystemMetrics (1)
                    if measurement=="px":
                        return (width_px,height_px)
                    elif measurement=="inch":
                        return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
                    elif measurement=="mm":
                        return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
                    else:
                        raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                except:
                    try: # Windows only
                        import ctypes
                        user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
                        width_px = user32.GetSystemMetrics(0)
                        height_px = user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)
                        if measurement=="px":
                            return (width_px,height_px)
                        elif measurement=="inch":
                            return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
                        elif measurement=="mm":
                            return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
                        else:
                            raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                    except:
                        try: # Mac OS X only
                            import AppKit 
                            for screen in AppKit.NSScreen.screens():
                                width_px = screen.frame().size.width
                                height_px = screen.frame().size.height
                                if measurement=="px":
                                    return (width_px,height_px)
                                elif measurement=="inch":
                                    return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
                                elif measurement=="mm":
                                    return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
                                else:
                                    raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                        except: 
                            try: # Linux/Unix
                                import Xlib.display
                                resolution = Xlib.display.Display().screen().root.get_geometry()
                                width_px = resolution.width
                                height_px = resolution.height
                                if measurement=="px":
                                    return (width_px,height_px)
                                elif measurement=="inch":
                                    return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
                                elif measurement=="mm":
                                    return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
                                else:
                                    raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                            except:
                                try: # Linux/Unix
                                    if not self.is_in_path("xrandr"):
                                        raise ImportError("Cannot read the output of xrandr, if any.")
                                    else:
                                        args = ["xrandr", "-q", "-d", ":0"]
                                        proc = subprocess.Popen(args,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                                        for line in iter(proc.stdout.readline,''):
                                            if isinstance(line, bytes):
                                                line = line.decode("utf-8")
                                            if "Screen" in line:
                                                width_px = int(line.split()[7])
                                                height_px = int(line.split()[9][:-1])
                                                if measurement=="px":
                                                    return (width_px,height_px)
                                                elif measurement=="inch":
                                                    return (width_px/px_per_inch,height_px/px_per_inch)
                                                elif measurement=="mm":
                                                    return (width_px/mm_per_inch,height_px/mm_per_inch)
                                                else:
                                                    raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)
                                except:
                                    # Failover
                                    screensize = 1366, 768
                                    sys.stderr.write("WARNING: Failed to detect screen size. Falling back to %sx%s" % screensize)
                                    if measurement=="px":
                                        return screensize
                                    elif measurement=="inch":
                                        return (screensize[0]/px_per_inch,screensize[1]/px_per_inch)
                                    elif measurement=="mm":
                                        return (screensize[0]/mm_per_inch,screensize[1]/mm_per_inch)
                                    else:
                                        raise NotImplementedError("Handling %s is not implemented." % measurement)

旧问题，但这是缺失的。我是python的新手，所以请告诉我这是否是“不好的”解决方案。此解决方案仅在Windows和MacOS上受支持，并且仅在主屏幕上有效-但问题中未提及os。

通过截屏来测量尺寸。由于屏幕尺寸不应更改，因此只能执行一次。如果您安装了GUI工具包（例如GTK，wx，...），则可以使用更优雅的解决方案。

见枕头

pip install Pillow

from PIL import ImageGrab

img = ImageGrab.grab()
print (img.size)

XWindows版本：

#!/usr/bin/python

import Xlib
import Xlib.display

resolution = Xlib.display.Display().screen().root.get_geometry()
print str(resolution.width) + "x" + str(resolution.height)

扩展@ user2366975的答案，以使用Tkinter（Python 2/3中的代码）在多屏幕设置中获取当前屏幕大小：

try:
    # for Python 3
    import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
    # for Python 2
    import Tkinter as tk


def get_curr_screen_geometry():
    """
    Workaround to get the size of the current screen in a multi-screen setup.

    Returns:
        geometry (str): The standard Tk geometry string.
            [width]x[height]+[left]+[top]
    """
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.update_idletasks()
    root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
    root.state('iconic')
    geometry = root.winfo_geometry()
    root.destroy()
    return geometry

（应该可以跨平台工作，仅在Linux上进行测试）

尝试以下代码：

import subprocess
resuls = subprocess.Popen(['xrandr'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].split("current")[1].split(",")[0]
width = resuls.split("x")[0].strip()
heigth = resuls.split("x")[1].strip()
print width + "x" + heigth

如果您已安装PyQt4，请尝试以下代码：

from PyQt4 import QtGui
import sys

MyApp = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
V = MyApp.desktop().screenGeometry()
h = V.height()
w = V.width()
print("The screen resolution (width X height) is the following:")
print(str(w) + "X" + str(h))

对于PyQt5，以下操作将起作用：

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
import sys

MyApp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
V = MyApp.desktop().screenGeometry()
h = V.height()
w = V.width()
print("The screen resolution (width X height) is the following:")
print(str(w) + "X" + str(h))

一个跨平台的简单方法是使用几乎所有python版本都随附的TKinter，因此您无需安装任何东西：

import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.withdraw()
WIDTH, HEIGHT = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()

使用Linux使用regexp代替第一行，并取出当前的分辨率值。

显示器当前分辨率：0

>>> screen = os.popen("xrandr -q -d :0").readlines()[0]
>>> print screen
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 1920 x 1920
>>> width = screen.split()[7]
>>> print width
1920
>>> height = screen.split()[9][:-1]
>>> print height
1080
>>> print "Current resolution is %s x %s" % (width,height)
Current resolution is 1920 x 1080

这是在xrandr 1.3.5上完成的，我不知道其他版本的输出是否不同，但这应该可以很容易地弄清楚。

要获得每个像素的位数：

import ctypes
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
gdi32 = ctypes.windll.gdi32

screensize = (user32.GetSystemMetrics(0), user32.GetSystemMetrics(1))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))
dc = user32.GetDC(None);

screensize = (gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,8), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,10), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,12))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))
screensize = (gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,118), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,117), gdi32.GetDeviceCaps(dc,12))
print "screensize =%s"%(str(screensize))

gdi32中的参数：

#/// Vertical height of entire desktop in pixels
#DESKTOPVERTRES = 117,
#/// Horizontal width of entire desktop in pixels
#DESKTOPHORZRES = 118,
#/// Horizontal width in pixels
#HORZRES = 8,
#/// Vertical height in pixels
#VERTRES = 10,
#/// Number of bits per pixel
#BITSPIXEL = 12,

尝试pyautogui：

import pyautogui
resolution = pyautogui.size()
print(resolution) 

使用的另一个版本xrandr：

import re
from subprocess import run, PIPE

output = run(['xrandr'], stdout=PIPE).stdout.decode()
result = re.search(r'current (\d+) x (\d+)', output)
width, height = map(int, result.groups()) if result else (800, 600)

使用pygame：

import pygame
pygame.init()
infos = pygame.display.Info()
screen_size = (infos.current_w, infos.current_h)

[1]

但是，如果尝试将窗口设置为屏幕大小，则可能只想执行以下操作：

pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)

将您的显示设置为全屏模式。[2]

您可以使用PyMouse。要获取屏幕尺寸，只需使用screen_size()属性：

from pymouse import PyMouse
m = PyMouse()
a = m.screen_size()

a将返回一个元组，(X, Y)其中X水平位置和Y垂直位置。

链接到文档中的功能。

如果您使用的是Windows操作系统，则可以使用OS模块来获取它：

import os
cmd = 'wmic desktopmonitor get screenheight, screenwidth'
size_tuple = tuple(map(int,os.popen(cmd).read().split()[-2::]))

它将返回一个元组（Y，X），其中Y是垂直大小，X是水平大小。此代码适用于Python 2和Python 3

在Linux上，我们可以使用子流程模块

import subprocess
cmd = ['xrandr']
cmd2 = ['grep', '*']
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(cmd2, stdin=p.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p.stdout.close()

resolution_string, junk = p2.communicate()
resolution = resolution_string.split()[0]
resolution = resolution.decode("utf-8") 
width = int(resolution.split("x")[0].strip())
heigth = int(resolution.split("x")[1].strip())

对于视网膜屏幕来说有点麻烦，我使用tkinter来获取假尺寸，使用Pilllow抓取来获取实际尺寸：

import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
resolution_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
resolution_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
image = ImageGrab.grab()
real_width, real_height = image.width, image.height
ratio_width = real_width / resolution_width
ratio_height = real_height/ resolution_height

对于更高版本的PyGtk：

import gi
gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gdk

display = Gdk.Display.get_default()
n_monitors = display.get_n_monitors()
print("there are %d monitors" % n_monitors)
for m in range(n_monitors):
  monitor = display.get_monitor(m)
  geometry = monitor.get_geometry()
  print("monitor %d: %d x %d" % (m, geometry.width, geometry.height))

对于Linux，您可以使用以下命令：

import gi
gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gdk

s = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
screen_width = s.get_width()
screen_height = s.get_height()
print(screen_width)
print(screen_height)

使用pynput库的实用程序脚本。在此处发布参考：

 
from pynput.mouse import Controller as MouseController

def get_screen_size():
    """Utility function to get screen resolution"""

    mouse = MouseController()

    width = height = 0

    def _reset_mouse_position():
        # Move the mouse to the top left of 
        # the screen
        mouse.position = (0, 0)

    # Reset mouse position
    _reset_mouse_position()

    count = 0
    while 1:
        count += 1
        mouse.move(count, 0)
        
        # Get the current position of the mouse
        left = mouse.position[0]

        # If the left doesn't change anymore, then
        # that's the screen resolution's width
        if width == left:
            # Add the last pixel
            width += 1

            # Reset count for use for height
            count = 0
            break

        # On each iteration, assign the left to 
        # the width
        width = left
    
    # Reset mouse position
    _reset_mouse_position()

    while 1:
        count += 1
        mouse.move(0, count)

        # Get the current position of the mouse
        right = mouse.position[1]

        # If the right doesn't change anymore, then
        # that's the screen resolution's height
        if height == right:
            # Add the last pixel
            height += 1
            break

        # On each iteration, assign the right to 
        # the height
        height = right

    return width, height

>>> get_screen_size()
(1920, 1080)