将MS Excel数据粘贴到SQL Server

Question 1

我在Excel中有一堆行要粘贴到MS SQL的新表中。有没有简单的方法？

Question 2

我过去已经成功使用了此技术：

（...）跳过一列（或将其用作注释），然后在其中键入类似以下公式的内容：

="insert into tblyourtablename (yourkeyID_pk, intmine, strval) values ("&A4&", "&B4&", N'"&C4&"')"

现在，您已经有了包含主键（PK），整数和Unicode字符串的表的插入语句。（...）

Question 3

如果您拥有SQL Server Management Studio，则可以使用鼠标从Excel复制并粘贴到Management Studio中的表中。只是

转到要粘贴到的表。
选择“编辑前200行”。
右键单击任意位置，然后选择粘贴。

在执行此操作之前，必须匹配Excel和Management Studio之间的列。另外，必须使用Management Studio中的表设计器将所有不可编辑的列放在最后（最右边）。

整个过程需要几秒钟（设置和启动-不一定要执行），并且不需要任何SQL语句。

关于空数据库表和SSMS v18.1 +。

Question 4

电子表格

在Excel中，突出显示并复制要粘贴到SQL中的数据。

的SQL

用所需的列名创建表，并为您提供表名。*请确保Identity Specification是，这样它将自动增加您的身份列。
找到表，然后右键单击它，然后Edit Top 200 Rows从对话框中选择。
右键单击带有*符号的空白行，然后从对话框中选择粘贴

Question 5

供将来参考：

您可以这样做，将数据从excel表格复制粘贴到SQL表：

在Excel中选择数据，然后按Ctrl + C

在Excel中选择数据，然后按Ctrl + C
在SQL Server Management Studio中，右键单击该表，然后选择“编辑前200行”
滚动到底部，然后通过单击行标题选择整个空行
通过按Ctrl + V粘贴数据

注意：通常，表的第一列是带有自动生成的/递增的ID的ID列。粘贴数据时，它将开始将Excel中最左边的选定列插入SSMS中最左边的列，从而将数据插入ID列。为避免这种情况，请在选择的最左边保留一个空白列，以跳过SSMS中的该列。这将导致SSMS插入默认数据，即自动生成的ID。此外，您可以通过在Excel工作表选择中与要跳过的列相同的顺序位置上保留空列来跳过其他列。这将使SSMS插入默认值（如果未指定默认值，则为NULL）。

Question 6

最简单的方法是在XLS中创建一个计算列，该列将生成insert语句的语法。然后将这些插入内容复制到文本文件中，然后在SQL上执行。其他选择是购买用于Excel的数据库连接附件，并编写VBA代码以实现同样的目的。

Question 7

我已经开发了一个Excel VBA宏，用于将Excel中的所有选择剪切并粘贴到SQL Server中，从而创建一个新表。该宏非常适合创建多达数千行和多列的快速而肮脏的表（理论上可以管理多达200列）。宏尝试自动检测标题名称，并为每列分配最合适的数据类型（它处理最多1000个字符的varchar列）。

推荐的安装步骤：

确保已启用Excel以运行宏。（文件->选项->信任中心->信任中心设置->宏设置->启用所有宏。。）
将下面的VBA代码复制到与您的个人工作簿关联的模块中（这样该宏将可用于所有工作表）
为宏分配一个适当的按键（我已经为Ctrl Shift X分配了）
保存您的个人工作簿

使用宏

在Excel中选择要转移到SQL的单元格（如果存在则包括列标题）
按已分配的已分配关键字组合以运行宏
按照提示进行操作。（默认表名称为## Table）
将剪贴板内容粘贴到SSMS窗口中，然后运行生成的SQL代码。BriFri 238

VBA代码：

Sub TransferToSQL()
'
' TransferToSQL Macro
' This macro prepares data for pasting into SQL Server and posts it to the clipboard for inserting into SSMS
' It attempts to automatically detect header rows and does a basic analysis of the first 15 rows to determine the most appropriate datatype to use handling text entries upto 1000 chars.
'
' Max Number of Columns: 200
'
' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+X
'
' ver   Date    Reason
' ===   ====    ======

' 1.6   06/2012 Fixed bug that prevented auto exit if no selection made / auto exit if blank Tablename entered or 'cancel' button pressed
' 1.5   02/2012 made use of function fn_ColLetter to retrieve the Column Letter for a specified column
' 1.4   02/2012 Replaces any Tabs in text data to spaces to prevent Double quotes being output in final results
' 1.3   02/2012 Place the 'drop table if already exists' code into a separate batch to prevent errors when inserting new table with same name but different shape and > 100 rows
' 1.2   01/2012 If null dates encountered code to cast it as Null rather than '00-Jan-1900'
' 1.1   10/2011 Code to drop the table if already exists
' 1.0   03/2011 Created

Dim intLastRow As Long
Dim intlastColumn As Integer
Dim intRow As Long
Dim intDataStartRow As Long
Dim intColumn As Integer
Dim strKeyWord As String
Dim intPos As Integer
Dim strDataTypeLevel(4) As String
Dim strColumnHeader(200) As String
Dim strDataType(200) As String
Dim intRowCheck As Integer
Dim strFormula(20) As String
Dim intHasHeaderRow As Integer
Dim strCellRef As String
Dim intFormulaCount As Integer
Dim strSQLTableName As String
Dim strSQLTableName_Encap As String
Dim intdataTypelevel As Integer
Const strConstHeaderKeyword As String = "ID,URN,name,Title,Job,Company,Contact,Address,Post,Town,Email,Tele,phone,Area,Region,Business,Total,Month,Week,Year,"
Const intConstMaxBatchSize As Integer = 100
    Const intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse As Integer = 100
intHasHeaderRow = 0

strDataTypeLevel(1) = "VARCHAR(1000)"
strDataTypeLevel(2) = "FLOAT"
strDataTypeLevel(3) = "INTEGER"
strDataTypeLevel(4) = "DATETIME"



' Use current selection and paste to new temp worksheet

    Selection.Copy
    Workbooks.Add       ' add temp 'Working' Workbook
    ' Paste "Values Only" back into new temp workbook
    Range("A3").Select  ' Goto 3rd Row
    Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlFormats, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False ' Copy Format of Selection
    Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False  ' Copy Values of Selection
    ActiveCell.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Select  ' Goto last cell
    intLastRow = ActiveCell.Row
    intlastColumn = ActiveCell.Column


' Check to make sure that there are cells which are selected
If intLastRow = 3 And intlastColumn = 1 Then
    Application.DisplayAlerts = False       ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
    ActiveWindow.Close                      ' Delete newly created worksheet
    Application.DisplayAlerts = True        ' Switch display alerts back on
    MsgBox "*** Please Make selection before running macro - Terminating ***", vbOKOnly, "Transfer Data to SQL Server"
    Exit Sub
End If

' Prompt user for Name of SQL Server table
strSQLTableName = InputBox("SQL Server Table Name?", "Transfer Excel Data To SQL", "##Table")

' if blank table name entered or 'Cancel' selected then exit
If strSQLTableName = "" Then
    Application.DisplayAlerts = False       ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
    ActiveWindow.Close                      ' Delete newly created worksheet
    Application.DisplayAlerts = True        ' Switch display alerts back on
    Exit Sub
End If



' encapsulate tablename with square brackets if user has not already done so
strSQLTableName_Encap = Replace(Replace(Replace("[" & Replace(strSQLTableName, ".", "].[") & "]", "[]", ""), "[[", "["), "]]", "]")

' Try to determine if the First Row is a header row or contains data and if a header load names of Columns
Range("A3").Select
For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
    ' first check to see if the first row contains any pure numbers or pure dates
    If IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) Or IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) Then
    intHasHeaderRow = vbNo
    intDataStartRow = 3
    Exit For
    Else
    strColumnHeader(intColumn) = ActiveCell.Value
    ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go to the row below
    If IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) Or IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) Then
        intHasHeaderRow = vbYes
        intDataStartRow = 4
    End If
    ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go back up to the first row
    If intHasHeaderRow = 0 Then     ' if still not determined if header exists: Look for header using keywords
        intPos = 1
        While intPos < Len(strConstHeaderKeyword) And intHasHeaderRow = 0
        strKeyWord = Mid$(strConstHeaderKeyword, intPos, InStr(intPos, strConstHeaderKeyword, ",") - intPos)
        If InStr(1, ActiveCell.Value, strKeyWord) > 0 Then
            intHasHeaderRow = vbYes
            intDataStartRow = 4
        End If
        intPos = InStr(intPos, strConstHeaderKeyword, ",") + 1
        Wend
    End If
    End If
    ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select  ' Goto next column
Next intColumn

' If auto header row detection has failed ask the user to manually select
If intHasHeaderRow = 0 Then
    intHasHeaderRow = MsgBox("Does current selection have a header row?", vbYesNo, "Auto header row detection failure")
    If intHasHeaderRow = vbYes Then
    intDataStartRow = 4
    Else
    intDataStartRow = 3
    End If

End If




' *** Determine the Data Type of each Column ***

' Go thru each Column to find Data types
If intLastRow < intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse  Then             ' Check the first intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse  rows or to end of selection whichever is less
    intRowCheck = intLastRow
Else
    intRowCheck = intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse 
End If

For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
    intdataTypelevel = 5

    For intRow = intDataStartRow To intRowCheck
    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intColumn)
    If ActiveCell.Value = "" Then   ' ignore blank (null) values
    ElseIf IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) = True And Len(ActiveCell.Value) >= 8 Then
        If intdataTypelevel > 4 Then intdataTypelevel = 4
    ElseIf IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) = True And InStr(1, CStr(ActiveCell.Value), ".") = 0 And (Left(CStr(ActiveCell.Value), 1) <> "0" Or ActiveCell.Value = "0") And Len(ActiveCell.Value) < 10 Then
        If intdataTypelevel > 3 Then intdataTypelevel = 3
    ElseIf IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) = True And InStr(1, CStr(ActiveCell.Value), ".") >= 1 Then
        If intdataTypelevel > 2 Then intdataTypelevel = 2
    Else
        intdataTypelevel = 1
        Exit For
    End If
    Next intRow
    If intdataTypelevel = 5 Then intdataTypelevel = 1
    strDataType(intColumn) = strDataTypeLevel(intdataTypelevel)
Next intColumn


' *** Build up the SQL
intFormulaCount = 1
If intHasHeaderRow = vbYes Then     ' *** Header Row ***
    Application.Goto Reference:="R4" & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1)    ' Goto next column in first data row of selection
    strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= ""SELECT "
    For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
    If strDataType(intColumn) = "DATETIME" Then         ' Code to take Excel Dates back to text
        strCellRef = "Text(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4,""dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss"")"
    ElseIf strDataType(intColumn) = "VARCHAR(1000)" Then
        strCellRef = "SUBSTITUTE(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4,""'"",""''"")" ' Convert any single ' to double ''
    Else
        strCellRef = fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4"
    End If


    strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) & "CAST('""& " & strCellRef & " & ""' AS " & strDataType(intColumn) & ") AS [" & strColumnHeader(intColumn) & "]"
    If intColumn < intlastColumn Then
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + ", "
    Else
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + " UNION ALL """
    End If
    ' since each cell can only hold a maximum no. of chars if Formula string gets too big continue formula in adjacent cell
    If Len(strFormula(intFormulaCount)) > 700 And intColumn < intlastColumn Then
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + """"
        intFormulaCount = intFormulaCount + 1
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= """
    End If
    Next intColumn

 ' Assign the formula to the cell(s) just right of the selection
    For intColumn = 1 To intFormulaCount
    ActiveCell.Value = strFormula(intColumn)
    If intColumn < intFormulaCount Then ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select  ' Goto next column
    Next intColumn


 ' Auto Fill the formula for the full length of the selection
    ActiveCell.Offset(0, -intFormulaCount + 1).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount) & "1").Select
    If intLastRow > 4 Then Selection.AutoFill Destination:=Range(fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + 1) & "4:" & fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) & CStr(intLastRow)), Type:=xlFillDefault

 ' Go to start row of data selection to add 'Select into' code
   ActiveCell.Value = "SELECT * INTO " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value

 ' Go to cells above data to insert code for deleting old table with the same name in separate SQL batch
   ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go to the row above
   ActiveCell.Value = "GO"
   ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go to the row above
   If Left(strSQLTableName, 1) = "#" Then      ' temp table
       ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.." & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
   Else
       ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('" & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
   End If



' For Big selections (i.e. several 100 or 1000 rows) SQL Server takes a very long time to do a multiple union - Split up the table creation into many inserts
    intRow = intConstMaxBatchSize + 4   ' add 4 to make sure 1st batch = Max Batch Size
    While intRow < intLastRow
    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow - 1) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)  ' Goto Row before intRow and the last column in formula selection
    ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a") ' Remove last 'UNION ALL'

    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1)    ' Goto intRow and the first column in formula selection
    ActiveCell.Value = "INSERT " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " SELECT * FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
    intRow = intRow + intConstMaxBatchSize   ' increment intRow by intConstMaxBatchSize
    Wend


    ' Delete the last 'UNION AlL' replacing it with brackets to mark the end of the last insert
    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intLastRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)
    ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a")

    ' Select all the formula cells
    ActiveCell.Offset(-intLastRow + 2, 1 - intFormulaCount).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount + 1) & CStr(intLastRow - 1)).Select
Else    ' *** No Header Row ***
    Application.Goto Reference:="R3" & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1)    ' Goto next column in first data row of selection
    strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= ""SELECT "

    For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
    If strDataType(intColumn) = "DATETIME" Then
        strCellRef = "Text(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3,""dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss"")"   ' Format Excel dates into a text Date format that SQL will pick up
    ElseIf strDataType(intColumn) = "VARCHAR(1000)" Then
        strCellRef = "SUBSTITUTE(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3,""'"",""''"")"         ' Change all single ' to double ''
    Else
        strCellRef = fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3"
    End If

    ' Since no column headers: Name each column "Column001",Column002"..
    strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) & "CAST('""& " & strCellRef & " & ""' AS " & strDataType(intColumn) & ") AS [Column" & CStr(intColumn) & "]"
    If intColumn < intlastColumn Then
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + ", "
    Else
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + " UNION ALL """
    End If

    ' since each cell can only hold a maximum no. of chars if Formula string gets too big continue formula in adjacent cell
    If Len(strFormula(intFormulaCount)) > 700 And intColumn < intlastColumn Then
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + """"
        intFormulaCount = intFormulaCount + 1
        strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= """
    End If
    Next intColumn

    ' Assign the formula to the cell(s) just right of the selection
    For intColumn = 1 To intFormulaCount
    ActiveCell.Value = strFormula(intColumn)
    If intColumn < intFormulaCount Then ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select  ' Goto next column
    Next intColumn

 ' Auto Fill the formula for the full length of the selection
    ActiveCell.Offset(0, -intFormulaCount + 1).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount) & "1").Select
    If intLastRow > 4 Then Selection.AutoFill Destination:=Range(fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + 1) & "3:" & fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) & CStr(intLastRow)), Type:=xlFillDefault

 ' Go to start row of data selection to add 'Select into' code
   ActiveCell.Value = "SELECT * INTO " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value

 ' Go to cells above data to insert code for deleting old table with the same name in separate SQL batch
   ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go to the row above
   ActiveCell.Value = "GO"
   ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select  ' go to the row above
   If Left(strSQLTableName, 1) = "#" Then      ' temp table
       ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.." & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
   Else
       ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('" & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
   End If

  ' For Big selections (i.e. serveral 100 or 1000 rows) SQL Server takes a very long time to do a multiple union - Split up the table creation into many inserts
   intRow = intConstMaxBatchSize + 3        ' add 3 to make sure 1st batch = Max Batch Size
    While intRow < intLastRow
    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow - 1) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)  ' Goto Row before intRow and the last column in formula selection
    ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a") ' Remove last 'UNION ALL'

    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1)    ' Goto intRow and the first column in formula selection
    ActiveCell.Value = "INSERT " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " SELECT * FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
    intRow = intRow + intConstMaxBatchSize   ' increment intRow by intConstMaxBatchSize
    Wend

    ' Delete the last 'UNION AlL'
    Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intLastRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)
    ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a")

    ' Select all the formula cells
    ActiveCell.Offset(-intLastRow + 1, 1 - intFormulaCount).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount + 1) & CStr(intLastRow)).Select
End If


' Final Selection to clipboard and Cleaning of data
Selection.Copy
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False              ' Repaste "Values Only" back into cells
Selection.Replace What:="CAST('' AS", Replacement:="CAST(NULL AS", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False  ' convert all blank cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:="'00-Jan-1900 00:00:00'", Replacement:="NULL", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False  ' convert all blank Date cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:="'NULL'", Replacement:="NULL", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False  ' convert all 'NULL' cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:=vbTab, Replacement:=" ", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False        ' Replace all Tabs in cells to Space to prevent Double Quotes occuring in the final paste text
Selection.Copy


MsgBox "SQL Code has been added to clipboard - Please Paste into SSMS window", vbOKOnly, "Transfer to SQL"

Application.DisplayAlerts = False       ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
ActiveWindow.Close                      ' Delete newly created worksheet
Application.DisplayAlerts = True        ' Switch display alerts back on



End Sub




Function fn_ColLetter(Col As Integer) As String

Dim strColLetter As String

If Col > 26 Then
    ' double letter columns
    strColLetter = Chr(Int((Col - 1) / 26) + 64) & _
        Chr(((Col - 1) Mod 26) + 65)
Else
    ' single letter columns
    strColLetter = Chr(Col + 64)
End If
fn_ColLetter = strColLetter
End Function

Question 8

我认为有些数据库可以从CSV（逗号分隔值）文件中导入数据，甚至可以从exel导出。或者，至少，使用csv解析器（找到一种适合您的语言，不要尝试自己创建一个-比看起来难得多）很容易，就可以将其导入数据库。

我不熟悉MS SQL，但是如果它直接支持它，也不会感到惊讶。

无论如何，我认为要求必须是Exel表和数据库表中的结构相似。

Question 9

如果该界面按我上次使用它时的方式工作，则可以像使用Access一样在Excel中选择区域，将其复制，打开SQL Server并将数据粘贴到表中。

或者，您可以在Excel和SQL Server之间设置ODBC链接。

Question 10

为什么不只在SSMS中使用导出/导入向导？

Question 11

您不能使用VBA代码从excel复制并粘贴到SSMS操作中吗？