如何格式化从xxx开始的时间，例如“ 4分钟前”，类似于Stack Exchange网站

问题是如何将JavaScript格式化Date为字符串，以说明经过的时间，类似于您看到Stack Overflow上显示的时间的方式。

例如

• 1分钟前
• 1小时前
• 1天前
• 1个月前
• 1年以前

在这种情况下，可能会算是过大杀伤力，但是如果机会显示moment.js真是太棒了！

Moment.js是一个JavaScript日期时间库，要在这种情况下使用它，您可以执行以下操作：

moment(yourdate).fromNow()

http://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/fromnow/

2018附录：卢森堡是一个新的现代图书馆，可能值得一看！

我没有检查（尽管并不难），但是我认为Stack Exchange网站使用该jquery.timeago插件来创建这些时间字符串。

使用该插件非常容易，它很干净，并且会自动更新。

这是一个快速示例（来自插件的主页）：

首先，加载jQuery和插件：

<script src="jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="jquery.timeago.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

现在，让我们将其附加到准备好DOM的时间戳上：

jQuery(document).ready(function() {
jQuery("abbr.timeago").timeago(); });

这会将所有标题abbr为timeago且带有ISO 8601时间戳记的元素<abbr class="timeago" title="2008-07-17T09:24:17Z">July 17, 2008</abbr>转换为 <abbr class="timeago" title="July 17, 2008">about a year ago</abbr>大约一年前的内容：随着时间的流逝，时间戳将自动更新。

这将向您显示过去和以前的时间格式，例如“ 2天前”，“从现在开始10分钟”，您可以将其传递给Date对象，数字时间戳或日期字符串

function time_ago(time) {

  switch (typeof time) {
    case 'number':
      break;
    case 'string':
      time = +new Date(time);
      break;
    case 'object':
      if (time.constructor === Date) time = time.getTime();
      break;
    default:
      time = +new Date();
  }
  var time_formats = [
    [60, 'seconds', 1], // 60
    [120, '1 minute ago', '1 minute from now'], // 60*2
    [3600, 'minutes', 60], // 60*60, 60
    [7200, '1 hour ago', '1 hour from now'], // 60*60*2
    [86400, 'hours', 3600], // 60*60*24, 60*60
    [172800, 'Yesterday', 'Tomorrow'], // 60*60*24*2
    [604800, 'days', 86400], // 60*60*24*7, 60*60*24
    [1209600, 'Last week', 'Next week'], // 60*60*24*7*4*2
    [2419200, 'weeks', 604800], // 60*60*24*7*4, 60*60*24*7
    [4838400, 'Last month', 'Next month'], // 60*60*24*7*4*2
    [29030400, 'months', 2419200], // 60*60*24*7*4*12, 60*60*24*7*4
    [58060800, 'Last year', 'Next year'], // 60*60*24*7*4*12*2
    [2903040000, 'years', 29030400], // 60*60*24*7*4*12*100, 60*60*24*7*4*12
    [5806080000, 'Last century', 'Next century'], // 60*60*24*7*4*12*100*2
    [58060800000, 'centuries', 2903040000] // 60*60*24*7*4*12*100*20, 60*60*24*7*4*12*100
  ];
  var seconds = (+new Date() - time) / 1000,
    token = 'ago',
    list_choice = 1;

  if (seconds == 0) {
    return 'Just now'
  }
  if (seconds < 0) {
    seconds = Math.abs(seconds);
    token = 'from now';
    list_choice = 2;
  }
  var i = 0,
    format;
  while (format = time_formats[i++])
    if (seconds < format[0]) {
      if (typeof format[2] == 'string')
        return format[list_choice];
      else
        return Math.floor(seconds / format[2]) + ' ' + format[1] + ' ' + token;
    }
  return time;
}

var aDay = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
console.log(time_ago(new Date(Date.now() - aDay)));
console.log(time_ago(new Date(Date.now() - aDay * 2)));

这是对Sky Sander解决方案的微小修改，该解决方案允许将日期作为字符串输入，并且能够显示跨度，例如“ 1分钟”而不是“ 73秒”

var timeSince = function(date) {
  if (typeof date !== 'object') {
    date = new Date(date);
  }

  var seconds = Math.floor((new Date() - date) / 1000);
  var intervalType;

  var interval = Math.floor(seconds / 31536000);
  if (interval >= 1) {
    intervalType = 'year';
  } else {
    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 2592000);
    if (interval >= 1) {
      intervalType = 'month';
    } else {
      interval = Math.floor(seconds / 86400);
      if (interval >= 1) {
        intervalType = 'day';
      } else {
        interval = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
        if (interval >= 1) {
          intervalType = "hour";
        } else {
          interval = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
          if (interval >= 1) {
            intervalType = "minute";
          } else {
            interval = seconds;
            intervalType = "second";
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (interval > 1 || interval === 0) {
    intervalType += 's';
  }

  return interval + ' ' + intervalType;
};
var aDay = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
console.log(timeSince(new Date(Date.now() - aDay)));
console.log(timeSince(new Date(Date.now() - aDay * 2)));

您可能想看看humanized_time_span：https : //github.com/layam/js_humanized_time_span

它与框架无关，并且可以完全自定义。

只需下载/包含脚本，然后您可以执行以下操作：

humanized_time_span("2011-05-11 12:00:00")  
   => '3 hours ago'

humanized_time_span("2011-05-11 12:00:00", "2011-05-11 16:00:00)  
   => '4 hours ago'

甚至这个：

var custom_date_formats = {
  past: [
    { ceiling: 60, text: "less than a minute ago" },
    { ceiling: 86400, text: "$hours hours, $minutes minutes and $seconds seconds ago" },
    { ceiling: null, text: "$years years ago" }
  ],
  future: [
    { ceiling: 60, text: "in less than a minute" },
    { ceiling: 86400, text: "in $hours hours, $minutes minutes and $seconds seconds time" },
    { ceiling: null, text: "in $years years" }
  ]
}

humanized_time_span("2010/09/10 10:00:00", "2010/09/10 10:00:05", custom_date_formats) 
  => "less than a minute ago"

阅读文档以获取更多信息。

将上面的功能更改为

function timeSince(date) {

    var seconds = Math.floor(((new Date().getTime()/1000) - date)),
    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 31536000);

    if (interval > 1) return interval + "y";

    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 2592000);
    if (interval > 1) return interval + "m";

    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 86400);
    if (interval >= 1) return interval + "d";

    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
    if (interval >= 1) return interval + "h";

    interval = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
    if (interval > 1) return interval + "m ";

    return Math.floor(seconds) + "s";
}

否则，它将显示“ 75分钟”之类的信息（介于1到2个小时之间）。现在还假定输入日期为Unix时间戳。

许多可读性和跨浏览器兼容的代码：

正如@Travis给出的

var DURATION_IN_SECONDS = {
  epochs: ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute'],
  year: 31536000,
  month: 2592000,
  day: 86400,
  hour: 3600,
  minute: 60
};

function getDuration(seconds) {
  var epoch, interval;

  for (var i = 0; i < DURATION_IN_SECONDS.epochs.length; i++) {
    epoch = DURATION_IN_SECONDS.epochs[i];
    interval = Math.floor(seconds / DURATION_IN_SECONDS[epoch]);
    if (interval >= 1) {
      return {
        interval: interval,
        epoch: epoch
      };
    }
  }

};

function timeSince(date) {
  var seconds = Math.floor((new Date() - new Date(date)) / 1000);
  var duration = getDuration(seconds);
  var suffix = (duration.interval > 1 || duration.interval === 0) ? 's' : '';
  return duration.interval + ' ' + duration.epoch + suffix;
};

alert(timeSince('2015-09-17T18:53:23'));

Lokely使用的较短版本：

const intervals = [
  { label: 'year', seconds: 31536000 },
  { label: 'month', seconds: 2592000 },
  { label: 'day', seconds: 86400 },
  { label: 'hour', seconds: 3600 },
  { label: 'minute', seconds: 60 },
  { label: 'second', seconds: 0 }
];

function timeSince(date) {
  const seconds = Math.floor((Date.now() - date.getTime()) / 1000);
  const interval = intervals.find(i => i.seconds < seconds);
  const count = Math.floor(seconds / interval.seconds);
  return `${count} ${interval.label}${count !== 1 ? 's' : ''} ago`;
}

从现在开始，unix时间戳参数，

function timeSince(ts){
    now = new Date();
    ts = new Date(ts*1000);
    var delta = now.getTime() - ts.getTime();

    delta = delta/1000; //us to s

    var ps, pm, ph, pd, min, hou, sec, days;

    if(delta<=59){
        ps = (delta>1) ? "s": "";
        return delta+" second"+ps
    }

    if(delta>=60 && delta<=3599){
        min = Math.floor(delta/60);
        sec = delta-(min*60);
        pm = (min>1) ? "s": "";
        ps = (sec>1) ? "s": "";
        return min+" minute"+pm+" "+sec+" second"+ps;
    }

    if(delta>=3600 && delta<=86399){
        hou = Math.floor(delta/3600);
        min = Math.floor((delta-(hou*3600))/60);
        ph = (hou>1) ? "s": "";
        pm = (min>1) ? "s": "";
        return hou+" hour"+ph+" "+min+" minute"+pm;
    } 

    if(delta>=86400){
        days = Math.floor(delta/86400);
        hou =  Math.floor((delta-(days*86400))/60/60);
        pd = (days>1) ? "s": "";
        ph = (hou>1) ? "s": "";
        return days+" day"+pd+" "+hou+" hour"+ph;
    }

}

@ user1012181提供的代码的ES6版本

// Epochs
const epochs = [
    ['year', 31536000],
    ['month', 2592000],
    ['day', 86400],
    ['hour', 3600],
    ['minute', 60],
    ['second', 1]
];


// Get duration
const getDuration = (timeAgoInSeconds) => {
    for (let [name, seconds] of epochs) {
        const interval = Math.floor(timeAgoInSeconds / seconds);

        if (interval >= 1) {
            return {
                interval: interval,
                epoch: name
            };
        }
    }
};


// Calculate
const timeAgo = (date) => {
    const timeAgoInSeconds = Math.floor((new Date() - new Date(date)) / 1000);
    const {interval, epoch} = getDuration(timeAgoInSeconds);
    const suffix = interval === 1 ? '' : 's';

    return `${interval} ${epoch}${suffix} ago`;
};

使用@ ibe-vanmeenen建议进行编辑。（谢谢 ！）

简单易读的版本：

const NOW = new Date()
const times = [["second", 1], ["minute", 60], ["hour", 3600], ["day", 86400], ["week", 604800], ["month", 2592000], ["year", 31536000]]

function timeAgo(date) {
    var diff = Math.round((NOW - date) / 1000)
    for (var t = 0; t < times.length; t++) {
        if (diff < times[t][1]) {
            if (t == 0) {
                return "Just now"
            } else {
                diff = Math.round(diff / times[t - 1][1])
                return diff + " " + times[t - 1][0] + (diff == 1?" ago":"s ago")
            }
        }
    }
}

我用js和python编写了一个，用在两个项目中，非常好又简单：一个简单的库（不到2kb）用于格式化带*** time ago语句的日期。

简单，小巧，易于使用且经过良好测试。

1. npm install timeago.js

2. import timeago from 'timeago.js'; // or use script tag

3. 使用api format。

样品：

var timeagoIns  = timeago();
timeagoIns .format('2016-06-12');

您也可以实时渲染。

var timeagoIns = timeago();
timeagoIns.render(document.querySelectorAll('time'));

尽管这个问题是很久以前提出的，但希望能写出这个答案对大家有所帮助。

传递您要开始计算的日期。使用moment().fromNow()的momentjs：（查看更多信息点击这里）

getRelativeTime(date) {
    const d = new Date(date * 1000);
    return moment(d).fromNow();
}

如果您想更改从现在开始的日期提供的信息，请写下您的自定义相对时间。

例如，在我自己的情况下，我想打印'one month ago'而不是'a month ago'（由moment（d）.fromNow（）提供）。在这种情况下，您可以编写以下内容。

moment.updateLocale('en', {
    relativeTime: {
        future: 'in %s',
        past: '%s ago',
        s: 'a few seconds',
        ss: '%d seconds',
        m: '1 m',
        mm: '%d minutes',
        h: '1 h',
        hh: '%d hours',
        d: '1 d',
        dd: '%d days',
        M: '1 month',
        MM: '%d months',
        y: '1 y',
        yy: '%d years'
    }
});

注意：我在Agular 6中编写了项目代码

也可以使用dayjs relativeTime插件解决此问题。

import * as dayjs from 'dayjs';
import * as relativeTime from 'dayjs/plugin/relativeTime';

dayjs.extend(relativeTime);
dayjs(dayjs('1990')).fromNow(); // x years ago

这应该正确处理任何有效的时间戳，包括Date.now（），单数形式和将来的日期。我花了几个月的时间，但这些应该很容易添加。我试图使它尽可能地可读。

function getTimeInterval(date) {
  let seconds = Math.floor((Date.now() - date) / 1000);
  let unit = "second";
  let direction = "ago";
  if (seconds < 0) {
    seconds = -seconds;
    direction = "from now";
  }
  let value = seconds;
  if (seconds >= 31536000) {
    value = Math.floor(seconds / 31536000);
    unit = "year";
  } else if (seconds >= 86400) {
    value = Math.floor(seconds / 86400);
    unit = "day";
  } else if (seconds >= 3600) {
    value = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
    unit = "hour";
  } else if (seconds >= 60) {
    value = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
    unit = "minute";
  }
  if (value != 1)
    unit = unit + "s";
  return value + " " + unit + " " + direction;
}

console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now())); // 0 seconds ago
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() + 1000)); // 1 second from now
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() - 1000)); // 1 second ago
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() + 60000)); // 1 minute from now
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() - 120000)); // 2 minutes ago
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() + 120000)); // 2 minutes from now
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() + 3600000)); // 1 hour from now
console.log(getTimeInterval(Date.now() + 360000000000)); // 11 years from now
console.log(getTimeInterval(0)); // 49 years ago

我已经修改了Sky Sanders的版本。Math.floor（...）操作在if块中求值

       var timeSince = function(date) {
            var seconds = Math.floor((new Date() - date) / 1000);
            var months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"];
            if (seconds < 5){
                return "just now";
            }else if (seconds < 60){
                return seconds + " seconds ago";
            }
            else if (seconds < 3600) {
                minutes = Math.floor(seconds/60)
                if(minutes > 1)
                    return minutes + " minutes ago";
                else
                    return "1 minute ago";
            }
            else if (seconds < 86400) {
                hours = Math.floor(seconds/3600)
                if(hours > 1)
                    return hours + " hours ago";
                else
                    return "1 hour ago";
            }
            //2 days and no more
            else if (seconds < 172800) {
                days = Math.floor(seconds/86400)
                if(days > 1)
                    return days + " days ago";
                else
                    return "1 day ago";
            }
            else{

                //return new Date(time).toLocaleDateString();
                return date.getDate().toString() + " " + months[date.getMonth()] + ", " + date.getFullYear();
            }
        }

function dateToHowManyAgo(stringDate){
    var currDate = new Date();
    var diffMs=currDate.getTime() - new Date(stringDate).getTime();
    var sec=diffMs/1000;
    if(sec<60)
        return parseInt(sec)+' second'+(parseInt(sec)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
    var min=sec/60;
    if(min<60)
        return parseInt(min)+' minute'+(parseInt(min)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
    var h=min/60;
    if(h<24)
        return parseInt(h)+' hour'+(parseInt(h)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
    var d=h/24;
    if(d<30)
        return parseInt(d)+' day'+(parseInt(d)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
    var m=d/30;
    if(m<12)
        return parseInt(m)+' month'+(parseInt(m)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
    var y=m/12;
    return parseInt(y)+' year'+(parseInt(y)>1?'s':'')+' ago';
}
console.log(dateToHowManyAgo('2019-11-07 19:17:06'));

function timeago(date) {
    var seconds = Math.floor((new Date() - date) / 1000);
    if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*365.25)) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*365.25)) + " years ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*365.25)) >= 1) return "1 year ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*30.4)) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*30.4)) + " months ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*30.4)) >= 1) return "1 month ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*7)) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*7)) + " weeks ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24*7)) >= 1) return "1 week ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24)) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24)) + " days ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60*24)) >= 1) return "1 day ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60)) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/(60*60)) + " hours ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/(60*60)) >= 1) return "1 hour ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/60) >= 2) return Math.round(seconds/60) + " minutes ago";
    else if(Math.round(seconds/60) >= 1) return "1 minute ago";
    else if(seconds >= 2)return seconds + " seconds ago";
    else return seconds + "1 second ago";
}

我的解决方案

(function(global){
            const SECOND   = 1;
            const MINUTE   = 60;
            const HOUR     = 3600;
            const DAY      = 86400;
            const MONTH    = 2629746;
            const YEAR     = 31556952;
            const DECADE   = 315569520;

            global.timeAgo = function(date){
                var now = new Date();
                var diff = Math.round(( now - date ) / 1000);

                var unit = '';
                var num = 0;
                var plural = false;

                switch(true){
                    case diff <= 0:
                        return 'just now';
                    break;

                    case diff < MINUTE:
                        num = Math.round(diff / SECOND);
                        unit = 'sec';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    case diff < HOUR:
                        num = Math.round(diff / MINUTE);
                        unit = 'min';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    case diff < DAY:
                        num = Math.round(diff / HOUR);
                        unit = 'hour';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    case diff < MONTH:
                        num = Math.round(diff / DAY);
                        unit = 'day';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    case diff < YEAR:
                        num = Math.round(diff / MONTH);
                        unit = 'month';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    case diff < DECADE:
                        num = Math.round(diff / YEAR);
                        unit = 'year';
                        plural = num > 1;
                    break;

                    default:
                        num = Math.round(diff / YEAR);
                        unit = 'year';
                        plural = num > 1;
                }

                var str = '';
                if(num){
                    str += `${num} `;
                }

                str += `${unit}`;

                if(plural){
                    str += 's';
                }

                str += ' ago';

                return str;
            }
        })(window);

        console.log(timeAgo(new Date()));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('Jun 03 2018 15:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('Jun 03 2018 13:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('May 28 2018 13:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('May 28 2017 13:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('May 28 2000 13:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));
        console.log(timeAgo(new Date('Sep 10 1994 13:12:19 GMT+0300 (FLE Daylight Time)')));

根据其他答案，我对此表示怀疑。

function timeSince(date) {
    let minute = 60;
    let hour   = minute * 60;
    let day    = hour   * 24;
    let month  = day    * 30;
    let year   = day    * 365;

    let suffix = ' ago';

    let elapsed = Math.floor((Date.now() - date) / 1000);

    if (elapsed < minute) {
        return 'just now';
    }

    // get an array in the form of [number, string]
    let a = elapsed < hour  && [Math.floor(elapsed / minute), 'minute'] ||
            elapsed < day   && [Math.floor(elapsed / hour), 'hour']     ||
            elapsed < month && [Math.floor(elapsed / day), 'day']       ||
            elapsed < year  && [Math.floor(elapsed / month), 'month']   ||
            [Math.floor(elapsed / year), 'year'];

    // pluralise and append suffix
    return a[0] + ' ' + a[1] + (a[0] === 1 ? '' : 's') + suffix;
}

我一直在寻找答案，并且几乎实施了其中一种解决方案，但是一位同事提醒我要检查该react-intl库，因为我们已经在使用它。

因此，添加解决方案...在您使用react-intl库的情况下，它们<FormattedRelative>为此提供了一个组件。

https://github.com/yahoo/react-intl/wiki/Components#formattedrelative

这是我所做的（对象返回时间单位及其值）：

function timeSince(post_date, reference)
{
	var reference = reference ? new Date(reference) : new Date(),
		diff = reference - new Date(post_date + ' GMT-0000'),
		date = new Date(diff),
		object = { unit: null, value: null };
	
	if (diff < 86400000)
	{
		var secs  = date.getSeconds(),
			mins  = date.getMinutes(),
			hours = date.getHours(),
			array = [ ['second', secs], ['minute', mins], ['hour', hours] ];
	}
	else
	{
		var days   = date.getDate(),
			weeks  = Math.floor(days / 7),
			months = date.getMonth(),
			years  = date.getFullYear() - 1970,
			array  = [ ['day', days], ['week', weeks], ['month', months], ['year', years] ];
	}

	for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
	{
		array[i][0] += array[i][1] != 1 ? 's' : '';

		object.unit  = array[i][1] >= 1 ? array[i][0] : object.unit;
		object.value = array[i][1] >= 1 ? array[i][1] : object.value;
	}

	return object;
}