我曾经在JavaScript中这样做:
var domains = "abcde".substring(0, "abcde".indexOf("cd")) // Returns "ab"
Swift没有此功能,如何做类似的事情?
我曾经在JavaScript中这样做:
var domains = "abcde".substring(0, "abcde".indexOf("cd")) // Returns "ab"
Swift没有此功能,如何做类似的事情?
Answers:
编辑/更新:
Xcode 11.4•Swift 5.2或更高版本
import Foundation
extension StringProtocol {
func index<S: StringProtocol>(of string: S, options: String.CompareOptions = []) -> Index? {
range(of: string, options: options)?.lowerBound
}
func endIndex<S: StringProtocol>(of string: S, options: String.CompareOptions = []) -> Index? {
range(of: string, options: options)?.upperBound
}
func indices<S: StringProtocol>(of string: S, options: String.CompareOptions = []) -> [Index] {
ranges(of: string, options: options).map(\.lowerBound)
}
func ranges<S: StringProtocol>(of string: S, options: String.CompareOptions = []) -> [Range<Index>] {
var result: [Range<Index>] = []
var startIndex = self.startIndex
while startIndex < endIndex,
let range = self[startIndex...]
.range(of: string, options: options) {
result.append(range)
startIndex = range.lowerBound < range.upperBound ? range.upperBound :
index(range.lowerBound, offsetBy: 1, limitedBy: endIndex) ?? endIndex
}
return result
}
}
用法:
let str = "abcde"
if let index = str.index(of: "cd") {
let substring = str[..<index] // ab
let string = String(substring)
print(string) // "ab\n"
}
let str = "Hello, playground, playground, playground"
str.index(of: "play") // 7
str.endIndex(of: "play") // 11
str.indices(of: "play") // [7, 19, 31]
str.ranges(of: "play") // [{lowerBound 7, upperBound 11}, {lowerBound 19, upperBound 23}, {lowerBound 31, upperBound 35}]
不区分大小写的样本
let query = "Play"
let ranges = str.ranges(of: query, options: .caseInsensitive)
let matches = ranges.map { str[$0] } //
print(matches) // ["play", "play", "play"]
正则表达式样本
let query = "play"
let escapedQuery = NSRegularExpression.escapedPattern(for: query)
let pattern = "\\b\(escapedQuery)\\w+" // matches any word that starts with "play" prefix
let ranges = str.ranges(of: pattern, options: .regularExpression)
let matches = ranges.map { str[$0] }
print(matches) // ["playground", "playground", "playground"]
"ab".indexOf("a")
和"ab".indexOf("c")
这两个回报0
。
import Foundation
或这将不起作用。因为实际上您此时只在使用NSString。
range: nil
并且 locale: nil
可以省略,这些参数具有默认值nil
。
使用String[Range<String.Index>]
下标可以获得子字符串。您需要起始索引和最后一个索引来创建范围,您可以按以下方式进行操作
let str = "abcde"
if let range = str.range(of: "cd") {
let substring = str[..<range.lowerBound] // or str[str.startIndex..<range.lowerBound]
print(substring) // Prints ab
}
else {
print("String not present")
}
如果您没有定义此操作符..<
的起始索引,它将使用起始索引。您也可以使用str[str.startIndex..<range.lowerBound]
代替str[..<range.lowerBound]
迅捷5
查找子串的索引
let str = "abcdecd"
if let range: Range<String.Index> = str.range(of: "cd") {
let index: Int = str.distance(from: str.startIndex, to: range.lowerBound)
print("index: ", index) //index: 2
}
else {
print("substring not found")
}
查找字符索引
let str = "abcdecd"
if let firstIndex = str.firstIndex(of: "c") {
let index = str.distance(from: str.startIndex, to: firstIndex)
print("index: ", index) //index: 2
}
else {
print("symbol not found")
}
let str = "abcdefghabcd"
if let index = str.index(of: "b") {
print(index) // Index(_compoundOffset: 4, _cache: Swift.String.Index._Cache.character(1))
}
let str : String = "ilike"
for i in 0...str.count {
let index = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: i) // String.Index
let prefix = str[..<index] // String.SubSequence
let suffix = str[index...] // String.SubSequence
print("prefix \(prefix), suffix : \(suffix)")
}
prefix , suffix : ilike
prefix i, suffix : like
prefix il, suffix : ike
prefix ili, suffix : ke
prefix ilik, suffix : e
prefix ilike, suffix :
let substring1 = string[startIndex...endIndex] // including endIndex
let subString2 = string[startIndex..<endIndex] // excluding endIndex
_compoundOffset
,字节串,直到这一点在多少?
在Swift中可以执行此操作,但是它需要花费更多的行,这是一个indexOf()
可以完成预期功能的函数:
func indexOf(source: String, substring: String) -> Int? {
let maxIndex = source.characters.count - substring.characters.count
for index in 0...maxIndex {
let rangeSubstring = source.startIndex.advancedBy(index)..<source.startIndex.advancedBy(index + substring.characters.count)
if source.substringWithRange(rangeSubstring) == substring {
return index
}
}
return nil
}
var str = "abcde"
if let indexOfCD = indexOf(str, substring: "cd") {
let distance = str.startIndex.advancedBy(indexOfCD)
print(str.substringToIndex(distance)) // Returns "ab"
}
此功能尚未优化,但可以处理短字符串。
extension String
在utils.swift类中添加了一个对其他所有人都将可用的类
O(N^2)
在字符串的长度..?
在Swift版本3中,String没有类似的功能-
str.index(of: String)
如果子字符串需要索引,则获取范围的方法之一是。我们在返回范围的字符串中包含以下函数-
str.range(of: <String>)
str.rangeOfCharacter(from: <CharacterSet>)
str.range(of: <String>, options: <String.CompareOptions>, range: <Range<String.Index>?>, locale: <Locale?>)
例如,在str中查找游戏的首次出现的索引
var str = "play play play"
var range = str.range(of: "play")
range?.lowerBound //Result : 0
range?.upperBound //Result : 4
注意:范围是可选的。如果找不到字符串,它将为零。例如
var str = "play play play"
var range = str.range(of: "zoo") //Result : nil
range?.lowerBound //Result : nil
range?.upperBound //Result : nil
这里有三个密切相关的问题:
在Cocoa NSString世界(基础)中,所有子字符串查找方法均已结束。
Foundation NSRange与Swift Range不匹配;前者使用开始和长度,后者使用端点
通常,Swift字符是使用String.Index
而不是Int进行索引的,而Foundation字符是使用Int进行索引的,并且它们之间没有简单的直接转换(因为Foundation和Swift对组成字符的想法不同)
考虑到所有这些,让我们考虑如何编写:
func substring(of s: String, from:Int, toSubstring s2 : String) -> Substring? {
// ?
}
s2
必须s
使用String Foundation方法来查找子字符串。结果范围返回给我们,而不是作为NSRange(即使这是一个Foundation方法),而是作为Range String.Index
(包裹在Optional中,以防根本找不到子字符串)。但是,其他号码,from
Int。因此,我们无法形成涉及两者的任何范围。
但是我们不必!我们要做的就是使用采用的方法将原始字符串的末尾切开String.Index
,并采用采用Int的方法将原始字符串的起始切下。幸运的是,存在这样的方法!像这样:
func substring(of s: String, from:Int, toSubstring s2 : String) -> Substring? {
guard let r = s.range(of:s2) else {return nil}
var s = s.prefix(upTo:r.lowerBound)
s = s.dropFirst(from)
return s
}
或者,如果您希望能够将此方法直接应用于字符串,例如...
let output = "abcde".substring(from:0, toSubstring:"cd")
...然后将其扩展为String:
extension String {
func substring(from:Int, toSubstring s2 : String) -> Substring? {
guard let r = self.range(of:s2) else {return nil}
var s = self.prefix(upTo:r.lowerBound)
s = s.dropFirst(from)
return s
}
}
dropFirst
,还没有看过它是如何实现的。我们如何才能将最终收益提取Substring
为a String
?我看到超级冗长的帖子只是对..
as! String
Leo Dabus的答案很好。这是我基于他的回答compactMap
而避免Index out of range
错误的回答。
extension StringProtocol {
func ranges(of targetString: Self, options: String.CompareOptions = [], locale: Locale? = nil) -> [Range<String.Index>] {
let result: [Range<String.Index>] = self.indices.compactMap { startIndex in
let targetStringEndIndex = index(startIndex, offsetBy: targetString.count, limitedBy: endIndex) ?? endIndex
return range(of: targetString, options: options, range: startIndex..<targetStringEndIndex, locale: locale)
}
return result
}
}
// Usage
let str = "Hello, playground, playground, playground"
let ranges = str.ranges(of: "play")
ranges.forEach {
print("[\($0.lowerBound.utf16Offset(in: str)), \($0.upperBound.utf16Offset(in: str))]")
}
// result - [7, 11], [19, 23], [31, 35]
您是否考虑过使用NSRange?
if let range = mainString.range(of: mySubString) {
//...
}
迅捷5
extension String {
enum SearchDirection {
case first, last
}
func characterIndex(of character: Character, direction: String.SearchDirection) -> Int? {
let fn = direction == .first ? firstIndex : lastIndex
if let stringIndex: String.Index = fn(character) {
let index: Int = distance(from: startIndex, to: stringIndex)
return index
} else {
return nil
}
}
}
测试:
func testFirstIndex() {
let res = ".".characterIndex(of: ".", direction: .first)
XCTAssert(res == 0)
}
func testFirstIndex1() {
let res = "12345678900.".characterIndex(of: "0", direction: .first)
XCTAssert(res == 9)
}
func testFirstIndex2() {
let res = ".".characterIndex(of: ".", direction: .last)
XCTAssert(res == 0)
}
func testFirstIndex3() {
let res = "12345678900.".characterIndex(of: "0", direction: .last)
XCTAssert(res == 10)
}