如何打开一个Excel文件以便在Python中读取?
例如,我已经sometextfile.txt
使用read命令打开了文本文件。如何为Excel文件执行此操作?
Answers:
编辑:
在较新版本的熊猫中,您可以将工作表名称作为参数传递。
file_name = # path to file + file name
sheet = # sheet name or sheet number or list of sheet numbers and names
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(io=file_name, sheet_name=sheet)
print(df.head(5)) # print first 5 rows of the dataframe
检查文档以获取有关如何通过的示例sheet_name
:https :
//pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generation/pandas.read_excel.html
旧版本:
您也可以使用pandas
包...
当您使用具有多个工作表的excel文件时,可以使用:
import pandas as pd
xl = pd.ExcelFile(path + filename)
xl.sheet_names
>>> [u'Sheet1', u'Sheet2', u'Sheet3']
df = xl.parse("Sheet1")
df.head()
df.head()
将打印Excel文件的前5行
如果要使用一张工作表的Excel文件,则可以简单地使用:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(path + filename)
print df.head()
尝试xlrd库。
[编辑] -从您的评论中我可以看到,下面的代码片段可能可以解决问题。我在这里假设您只是在一栏中搜索单词“ john”,但是您可以添加更多内容或将其添加到更通用的函数中。
from xlrd import open_workbook
book = open_workbook('simple.xls',on_demand=True)
for name in book.sheet_names():
if name.endswith('2'):
sheet = book.sheet_by_name(name)
# Attempt to find a matching row (search the first column for 'john')
rowIndex = -1
for cell in sheet.col(0): #
if 'john' in cell.value:
break
# If we found the row, print it
if row != -1:
cells = sheet.row(row)
for cell in cells:
print cell.value
book.unload_sheet(name)
这不像打开纯文本文件那样简单,并且将需要某种外部模块,因为没有内置模块可以执行此操作。以下是一些选项:
如果可能,您可能要考虑将excel电子表格导出为CSV文件,然后使用内置的python csv模块读取它:
有openpxyl包:
>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
>>> print wb2.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
>>> worksheet1 = wb2['Sheet1'] # one way to load a worksheet
>>> worksheet2 = wb2.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet2') # another way to load a worksheet
>>> print(worksheet1['D18'].value)
3
>>> for row in worksheet1.iter_rows():
>>> print row[0].value()
您可以使用仅需要xlrd的xlpython软件包。在这里https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlpython 及其文档在这里https://github.com/morfat/xlpython查找
这可能会有所帮助:
这将创建一个接受2D列表(列表项列表)的节点,并将其推入excel电子表格。确保IN []存在或将抛出异常。
这是对Excel 2013的Revit excel dynamo节点的重写,因为默认的预打包节点一直在中断。我也有一个类似的读取节点。Python中的excel语法很敏感。
thnx @CodingNinja-更新:)
###Export Excel - intended to replace malfunctioning excel node
import clr
clr.AddReferenceByName('Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=71e9bce111e9429c')
##AddReferenceGUID("{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}") ''Excel C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office15\EXCEL.EXE
##Need to Verify interop for version 2015 is 15 and node attachemnt for it.
from Microsoft.Office.Interop import * ##Excel
################################Initialize FP and Sheet ID
##Same functionality as the excel node
strFileName = IN[0] ##Filename
sheetName = IN[1] ##Sheet
RowOffset= IN[2] ##RowOffset
ColOffset= IN[3] ##COL OFfset
Data=IN[4] ##Data
Overwrite=IN[5] ##Check for auto-overwtite
XLVisible = False #IN[6] ##XL Visible for operation or not?
RowOffset=0
if IN[2]>0:
RowOffset=IN[2] ##RowOffset
ColOffset=0
if IN[3]>0:
ColOffset=IN[3] ##COL OFfset
if IN[6]<>False:
XLVisible = True #IN[6] ##XL Visible for operation or not?
################################Initialize FP and Sheet ID
xlCellTypeLastCell = 11 #####define special sells value constant
################################
xls = Excel.ApplicationClass() ####Connect with application
xls.Visible = XLVisible ##VISIBLE YES/NO
xls.DisplayAlerts = False ### ALerts
import os.path
if os.path.isfile(strFileName):
wb = xls.Workbooks.Open(strFileName, False) ####Open the file
else:
wb = xls.Workbooks.add# ####Open the file
wb.SaveAs(strFileName)
wb.application.visible = XLVisible ####Show Excel
try:
ws = wb.Worksheets(sheetName) ####Get the sheet in the WB base
except:
ws = wb.sheets.add() ####If it doesn't exist- add it. use () for object method
ws.Name = sheetName
#################################
#lastRow for iterating rows
lastRow=ws.UsedRange.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Row
#lastCol for iterating columns
lastCol=ws.UsedRange.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Column
#######################################################################
out=[] ###MESSAGE GATHERING
c=0
r=0
val=""
if Overwrite == False : ####Look ahead for non-empty cells to throw error
for r, row in enumerate(Data): ####BASE 0## EACH ROW OF DATA ENUMERATED in the 2D array #range( RowOffset, lastRow + RowOffset):
for c, col in enumerate (row): ####BASE 0## Each colmn in each row is a cell with data ### in range(ColOffset, lastCol + ColOffset):
if col.Value2 >"" :
OUT= "ERROR- Cannot overwrite"
raise ValueError("ERROR- Cannot overwrite")
##out.append(Data[0]) ##append mesage for error
############################################################################
for r, row in enumerate(Data): ####BASE 0## EACH ROW OF DATA ENUMERATED in the 2D array #range( RowOffset, lastRow + RowOffset):
for c, col in enumerate (row): ####BASE 0## Each colmn in each row is a cell with data ### in range(ColOffset, lastCol + ColOffset):
ws.Cells[r+1+RowOffset,c+1+ColOffset].Value2 = col.__str__()
##run macro disbled for debugging excel macro
##xls.Application.Run("Align_data_and_Highlight_Issues")
import pandas as pd
import os
files = os.listdir('path/to/files/directory/')
desiredFile = files[i]
filePath = 'path/to/files/directory/%s'
Ofile = filePath % desiredFile
xls_import = pd.read_csv(Ofile)
现在您可以使用pandas DataFrames的功能了!
pandas.read_excel
)。