使用意图将数据从活动传递到服务


Answers:


39

第一个上下文(可以是活动/服务等)

对于服务,您需要覆盖onStartCommand,您可以直接访问intent

Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {

您有几种选择:

1)从意图中使用捆绑包

Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
Bundle extras = mIntent.getExtras();
extras.putString(key, value);  

2)创建一个新的捆绑包

Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
Bundle mBundle = new Bundle();
mBundle.extras.putString(key, value);
mIntent.putExtras(mBundle);

3)使用Intent的putExtra()快捷方式

Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
mIntent.putExtra(key, value);

新上下文(可以是活动/服务等)

Intent myIntent = getIntent(); // this getter is just for example purpose, can differ
if (myIntent !=null && myIntent.getExtras()!=null)
     String value = myIntent.getExtras().getString(key);
}

注意:对于所有基本类型,Parcelables和Serializables,捆绑包都具有“ get”和“ put”方法。我只是将Strings用于演示目的。


29
但是我们不能在服务内部使用getIntent()方法。当我们从活动向服务中传递价值时,如何实现这一目标?
Chanaka udaya 2013年

4
只需使用intent即可,无需getIntent()
Neelay Srivastava

这不是公认的答案,因为这不是正确的服务解决方案。
NoHarmDan

210

要获得关于“如何通过意图从活动向服务发送数据到服务”这一问题的精确答案,是否必须重写onStartCommand()接收意图对象的方法:

创建a时,Service您应该覆盖此onStartCommand()方法,因此,如果您仔细查看下面的签名,就会在此处接收intent传递给它的对象:

  public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)

因此,从一个活动中,您将创建一个意图对象以启动服务,然后将数据放入该意图对象中,例如,您要将一个UserIDfrom传递ActivityService

 Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(YourService.class.getName())
 serviceIntent.putExtra("UserID", "123456");
 context.startService(serviceIntent);

服务启动时,onStartCommand()将调用其方法,因此在此方法中,您可以从意图对象中检索值(UserID),例如

public int onStartCommand (Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    String userID = intent.getStringExtra("UserID");
    return START_STICKY;
}

注意:以上答案指定要使用getIntent()在服务上下文中不正确的方法获取Intent


50
这应该是公认的答案。对于服务,接受的答案是错误的。
zeeshan 2014年

1
我有此错误:Unable to start service Intent: not found
fullOfQuestion '16

9

如果您绑定服务,您将获得Extra in onBind(Intent intent)

活动:

 Intent intent = new Intent(this, LocationService.class);                                                                                     
 intent.putExtra("tour_name", mTourName);                    
 bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); 

服务:

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    mTourName = intent.getStringExtra("tour_name");
    return mBinder;
}

@ChefPharaoh这是一个很好的问题。尝试记录意图的值。Arrays.toString(yourAry[])将在这里为您提供帮助。
Martin Pfeffer

1
因为我想传递一个自定义类,所以我发现只需要实现可打包的接口,这一切都很好。不过谢谢
法老王大厨

6

另一个可能性是使用intent.getAction:

服务中:

public class SampleService inherits Service{
    static final String ACTION_START = "com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.ACTION_START";
    static final String ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_1 = "com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.DO_SOMETHING_1";
    static final String ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_2 = "com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.DO_SOMETHING_2";
    static final String ACTION_STOP_SERVICE = "com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.STOP_SERVICE";

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        //System.out.println("ACTION: "+action);
        switch (action){
            case ACTION_START:
                startingService(intent.getIntExtra("valueStart",0));
                break;
            case ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_1:
                int value1,value2;
                value1=intent.getIntExtra("value1",0);
                value2=intent.getIntExtra("value2",0);
                doSomething1(value1,value2);
                break;
            case ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_2:
                value1=intent.getIntExtra("value1",0);
                value2=intent.getIntExtra("value2",0);
                doSomething2(value1,value2);
                break;
            case ACTION_STOP_SERVICE:
                stopService();
                break;
        }
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    public void startingService(int value){
        //calling when start
    }

    public void doSomething1(int value1, int value2){
        //...
    }

    public void doSomething2(int value1, int value2){
        //...
    }

    public void stopService(){
        //...destroy/release objects
        stopself();
    }
}

活动中:

public void startService(int value){
    Intent myIntent = new Intent(SampleService.ACTION_START);
    myIntent.putExtra("valueStart",value);
    startService(myIntent);
}

public void serviceDoSomething1(int value1, int value2){
    Intent myIntent = new Intent(SampleService.ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_1);
    myIntent.putExtra("value1",value1);
    myIntent.putExtra("value2",value2);
    startService(myIntent);
}

public void serviceDoSomething2(int value1, int value2){
    Intent myIntent = new Intent(SampleService.ACTION_DO_SOMETHING_2);
    myIntent.putExtra("value1",value1);
    myIntent.putExtra("value2",value2);
    startService(myIntent);
}

public void endService(){
    Intent myIntent = new Intent(SampleService.STOP_SERVICE);
    startService(myIntent);
}

最后,在清单文件中:

<service android:name=".SampleService">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.ACTION_START"/>
        <action android:name="com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.DO_SOMETHING_1"/>
        <action android:name="com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.DO_SOMETHING_2"/>
        <action android:name="com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.STOP_SERVICE"/>
    </intent-filter>
</service>

您多次启动服务...是否意味着每次都会创建同一服务的多个实例?
oshurmamadov '17


“切换(动作)”动作可以为空
MarianPaździoch18年

不在我的代码中:始终使用方法来调用服务。无论如何,这是一个简单的代码来说明如何执行此操作。在实际程序中,您始终必须检查这些内容以及参数是否带有适当的值
CarlosGómez,

2

活动:

int number = 5;
Intent i = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
i.putExtra("MyNumber", number);
startService(i);

服务:

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    if (intent != null && intent.getExtras() != null){
        int number = intent.getIntExtra("MyNumber", 0);
    }
}

1

这是一种更好且安全的方法。像魅力一样工作!

   private void startFloatingWidgetService() {
        startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,FloatingWidgetService.class)
                .setAction(FloatingWidgetService.ACTION_PLAY));
    }

代替 :

 private void startFloatingWidgetService() {
        startService(new Intent(FloatingWidgetService.ACTION_PLAY));
    }

因为当您尝试第二次尝试时,您会收到一条错误消息: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:服务意图必须明确:意图{act = com.floatingwidgetchathead_demo.SampleService.ACTION_START}

然后您的服务将如下所示:

static final String ACTION_START = "com.floatingwidgetchathead_demo.SampleService.ACTION_START";
    static final String ACTION_PLAY = "com.floatingwidgetchathead_demo.SampleService.ACTION_PLAY";
    static final String ACTION_PAUSE = "com.floatingwidgetchathead_demo.SampleService.ACTION_PAUSE";
    static final String ACTION_DESTROY = "com.yourcompany.yourapp.SampleService.ACTION_DESTROY";

 @SuppressLint("LogConditional")
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    String action = intent.getAction();
    //System.out.println("ACTION: "+action);
    switch (action){
        case ACTION_START:
            Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: "+action);
            break;
        case ACTION_PLAY:
            Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: "+action);
           addRemoveView();
           addFloatingWidgetView();
            break;
        case ACTION_PAUSE:
            Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: "+action);
            break;
        case ACTION_DESTROY:
            Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand: "+action);
            break;
    }
    return START_STICKY;

}

1

将数据从Activity传递到IntentService

这就是我从传递数据的Activity方式IntentService

我的应用程序之一就是这种情况。

MusicActivity ------ url(String)------> DownloadSongService

1)发送数据(活动代码)

  Intent intent  = new Intent(MusicActivity.class, DownloadSongService.class);
  String songUrl = "something"; 
  intent.putExtra(YOUR_KEY_SONG_NAME, songUrl);
  startService(intent);

2)在服务中获取数据(IntentService代码)
您可以在onHandleIntent()方法中访问意图

public class DownloadSongService extends IntentService {

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) {

        String songUrl = intent.getStringExtra("YOUR_KEY_SONG_NAME");

        //  Download File logic
    
    }

}

0

服务:startservice可能会引起副作用,是使用Messenger和传递数据的最佳方法。

private CallBackHandler mServiceHandler= new CallBackHandler(this);
private Messenger mServiceMessenger=null;
//flag with which the activity sends the data to service
private static final int DO_SOMETHING=1;

private static class CallBackHandler extends android.os.Handler {

private final WeakReference<Service> mService;

public CallBackHandler(Service service) {
    mService= new WeakReference<Service>(service);
}

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    //Log.d("CallBackHandler","Msg::"+msg);
    if(DO_SOMETHING==msg.arg1)
    mSoftKeyService.get().dosomthing()
}
}

活动:从Intent获取Messenger,将其传递数据并将消息传递回服务

private Messenger mServiceMessenger;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mServiceMessenger = (Messenger)extras.getParcelable("myHandler");
}


private void sendDatatoService(String data){
Intent serviceIntent= new 
Intent(BaseActivity.this,Service.class);
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.obj =data;
msg.arg1=Service.DO_SOMETHING;
mServiceMessenger.send(msg);
}

0

如果您使用的是Kotlin,则可以尝试以下代码,

在发送活动中,

  val intent = Intent(context, RecorderService::class.java);
  intent.putExtra("filename", filename);
  context.startService(intent)

在服务中

override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)

    if (intent != null && intent.extras != null)
       val filename = intent.getStringExtra("filename")

}
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