并行调用异步/等待功能

据我了解，在ES7 / ES2016中，将多个awaitin放在代码中的工作方式类似于.then()带有promise的链接，这意味着它们将一个接一个地执行，而不是并行执行。因此，例如，我们有以下代码：

await someCall();
await anotherCall();

我是否正确理解anotherCall()仅在someCall()完成时才会调用？并行调用它们的最优雅方式是什么？

我想在Node中使用它，所以也许有一个异步库解决方案？

编辑：我不满意此问题中提供的解决方案：减速是由于异步生成器中非并行等待promise，因为它使用生成器，并且我询问的是更通用的用例。

您可以等待Promise.all()：

await Promise.all([someCall(), anotherCall()]);

要存储结果：

let [someResult, anotherResult] = await Promise.all([someCall(), anotherCall()]);

请注意，Promise.all失败很快，这意味着一旦提供给它的承诺之一被拒绝，整个事情就会被拒绝。

const happy = (v, ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve(v), ms))
const sad = (v, ms) => new Promise((_, reject) => setTimeout(() => reject(v), ms))

Promise.all([happy('happy', 100), sad('sad', 50)])
  .then(console.log).catch(console.log) // 'sad'

相反，如果您想等待所有诺言兑现或拒绝，则可以使用Promise.allSettled。请注意，Internet Explorer本身不支持此方法。

const happy = (v, ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve(v), ms))
const sad = (v, ms) => new Promise((_, reject) => setTimeout(() => reject(v), ms))

Promise.allSettled([happy('happy', 100), sad('sad', 50)])
  .then(console.log) // [{ "status":"fulfilled", "value":"happy" }, { "status":"rejected", "reason":"sad" }]

TL; DR

使用Promise.all的并行函数调用，答案的行为不正确时出现错误。

首先，一次执行所有异步调用并获取所有Promise对象。其次，await在Promise物体上使用。这样，当您等待第一个Promise解决其他异步调用时，它仍在进行中。总体而言，您只会等待最慢的异步调用时间。例如：

// Begin first call and store promise without waiting
const someResult = someCall();

// Begin second call and store promise without waiting
const anotherResult = anotherCall();

// Now we await for both results, whose async processes have already been started
const finalResult = [await someResult, await anotherResult];

// At this point all calls have been resolved
// Now when accessing someResult| anotherResult,
// you will have a value instead of a promise

JSbin示例：http ://jsbin.com/xerifanima/edit?js,console

注意：await调用是在同一行还是在不同行上都没有关系，只要第一个await调用发生在所有异步调用之后。请参阅JohnnyHK的评论。

更新：这个回答有错误不同时间处理根据@ BERGI的答案，但它不是为发生错误扔出去的错误，但所有的承诺都执行之后。我将结果与@jonny的技巧进行比较：[result1, result2] = Promise.all([async1(), async2()])，检查以下代码片段

const correctAsync500ms = () => {
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'correct500msResult');
  });
};

const correctAsync100ms = () => {
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'correct100msResult');
  });
};

const rejectAsync100ms = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(reject, 100, 'reject100msError');
  });
};

const asyncInArray = async (fun1, fun2) => {
  const label = 'test async functions in array';
  try {
    console.time(label);
    const p1 = fun1();
    const p2 = fun2();
    const result = [await p1, await p2];
    console.timeEnd(label);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error('error is', e);
    console.timeEnd(label);
  }
};

const asyncInPromiseAll = async (fun1, fun2) => {
  const label = 'test async functions with Promise.all';
  try {
    console.time(label);
    let [value1, value2] = await Promise.all([fun1(), fun2()]);
    console.timeEnd(label);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error('error is', e);
    console.timeEnd(label);
  }
};

(async () => {
  console.group('async functions without error');
  console.log('async functions without error: start')
  await asyncInArray(correctAsync500ms, correctAsync100ms);
  await asyncInPromiseAll(correctAsync500ms, correctAsync100ms);
  console.groupEnd();

  console.group('async functions with error');
  console.log('async functions with error: start')
  await asyncInArray(correctAsync500ms, rejectAsync100ms);
  await asyncInPromiseAll(correctAsync500ms, rejectAsync100ms);
  console.groupEnd();
})();

更新：

原始答案很难（在某些情况下是不可能）正确处理承诺拒绝。正确的解决方案是使用Promise.all：

const [someResult, anotherResult] = await Promise.all([someCall(), anotherCall()]);

原始答案：

只需确保在等待任一函数之前调用这两个函数：

// Call both functions
const somePromise = someCall();
const anotherPromise = anotherCall();

// Await both promises    
const someResult = await somePromise;
const anotherResult = await anotherPromise;

没有Promise.all（）的另一种方法是并行执行：

首先，我们有2个打印数字的功能：

function printNumber1() {
   return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
      console.log("Number1 is done");
      resolve(10);
      },1000);
   });
}

function printNumber2() {
   return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
      console.log("Number2 is done");
      resolve(20);
      },500);
   });
}

这是顺序的：

async function oneByOne() {
   const number1 = await printNumber1();
   const number2 = await printNumber2();
} 
//Output: Number1 is done, Number2 is done

这是并行的：

async function inParallel() {
   const promise1 = printNumber1();
   const promise2 = printNumber2();
   const number1 = await promise1;
   const number2 = await promise2;
}
//Output: Number2 is done, Number1 is done

这可以通过Promise.allSettled（）来完成，类似于Promise.all()但不具有快速失败行为。

async function failure() {
    throw "Failure!";
}

async function success() {
    return "Success!";
}

const [failureResult, successResult] = await Promise.allSettled([failure(), success()]);

console.log(failureResult); // {status: "rejected", reason: "Failure!"}
console.log(successResult); // {status: "fulfilled", value: "Success!"}

注意：这是浏览器支持有限的最新功能，因此我强烈建议为此功能包括一个polyfill。

我创建了要点，测试了解决承诺和结果的几种不同方法。查看有效的选项可能会有所帮助。

    // A generic test function that can be configured 
    // with an arbitrary delay and to either resolve or reject
    const test = (delay, resolveSuccessfully) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => {
        console.log(`Done ${ delay }`);
        resolveSuccessfully ? resolve(`Resolved ${ delay }`) : reject(`Reject ${ delay }`)
    }, delay));

    // Our async handler function
    const handler = async () => {
        // Promise 1 runs first, but resolves last
        const p1 = test(10000, true);
        // Promise 2 run second, and also resolves
        const p2 = test(5000, true);
        // Promise 3 runs last, but completes first (with a rejection) 
        // Note the catch to trap the error immediately
        const p3 = test(1000, false).catch(e => console.log(e));
        // Await all in parallel
        const r = await Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
        // Display the results
        console.log(r);
    };

    // Run the handler
    handler();
    /*
    Done 1000
    Reject 1000
    Done 5000
    Done 10000
    */

设置p1，p2和p3并不是严格并行运行它们，但是它们不会阻止任何执行，因此您可以使用catch捕获上下文错误。

就我而言，我有几个要并行执行的任务，但是我需要对这些任务的结果做一些不同的事情。

function wait(ms, data) {
    console.log('Starting task:', data, ms);
    return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms, data));
}

var tasks = [
    async () => {
        var result = await wait(1000, 'moose');
        // do something with result
        console.log(result);
    },
    async () => {
        var result = await wait(500, 'taco');
        // do something with result
        console.log(result);
    },
    async () => {
        var result = await wait(5000, 'burp');
        // do something with result
        console.log(result);
    }
]

await Promise.all(tasks.map(p => p()));
console.log('done');

并输出：

Starting task: moose 1000
Starting task: taco 500
Starting task: burp 5000
taco
moose
burp
done

等待Promise.all（[someCall（），anotherCall（）]）; 就像已经提到的那样，它将充当线程屏障（在CUDA中非常常见于并行代码中），因此它将允许其中的所有诺言都能彼此不阻塞地运行，但是将阻止执行继续，直到解决所有问题为止。

值得分享的另一种方法是Node.js异步，如果任务直接与使用有限资源（如API调用，I / O操作，等等

// create a queue object with concurrency 2
var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
  console.log('Hello ' + task.name);
  callback();
}, 2);

// assign a callback
q.drain = function() {
  console.log('All items have been processed');
};

// add some items to the queue
q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing foo');
});

q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

// add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing item');
});

// add some items to the front of the queue
q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

归功于中篇文章的导师（了解更多）

我投赞成票：

await Promise.all([someCall(), anotherCall()]);

请注意，在您调用函数的那一刻，它可能会导致意外的结果：

// Supposing anotherCall() will trigger a request to create a new User

if (callFirst) {
  await someCall();
} else {
  await Promise.all([someCall(), anotherCall()]); // --> create new User here
}

但是跟随总是触发创建新用户的请求

// Supposing anotherCall() will trigger a request to create a new User

const someResult = someCall();
const anotherResult = anotherCall(); // ->> This always creates new User

if (callFirst) {
  await someCall();
} else {
  const finalResult = [await someResult, await anotherResult]
}

我创建了一个辅助函数waitAll，可能是它可以使它更甜美。目前，它仅适用于nodejs，不适用于浏览器chrome。

    //const parallel = async (...items) => {
    const waitAll = async (...items) => {
        //this function does start execution the functions
        //the execution has been started before running this code here
        //instead it collects of the result of execution of the functions

        const temp = [];
        for (const item of items) {
            //this is not
            //temp.push(await item())
            //it does wait for the result in series (not in parallel), but
            //it doesn't affect the parallel execution of those functions
            //because they haven started earlier
            temp.push(await item);
        }
        return temp;
    };

    //the async functions are executed in parallel before passed
    //in the waitAll function

    //const finalResult = await waitAll(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //const finalResult = await parallel(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //or
    const [result1, result2] = await waitAll(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //const [result1, result2] = await parallel(someResult(), anotherResult());