我正在编写一个脚本来自动化Python中的某些命令行命令。目前，我正在打电话：

cmd = "some unix command"
retcode = subprocess.call(cmd,shell=True)

但是我需要在远程计算机上运行一些命令。手动地，我将使用ssh登录，然后运行命令。我将如何在Python中自动执行此操作？我需要使用（已知）密码登录到远程计算机，所以我不能只使用cmd = ssh user@remotehost，我想知道是否应该使用一个模块？

我会带你去看paramiko

看到这个问题

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.connect(server, username=username, password=password)
ssh_stdin, ssh_stdout, ssh_stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd_to_execute)

或者，您可以只使用commands.getstatusoutput：

   commands.getstatusoutput("ssh machine 1 'your script'")

我广泛使用它，效果很好。

在Python 2.6+中，使用subprocess.check_output。

您看过Fabric吗？它允许您使用python通过SSH执行各种远程操作。

我发现paramiko有点太底层了，而Fabric并不是特别适合用作库，因此我将自己的名为spur的库放在一起，该库使用paramiko实现了一个稍微好一点的接口：

import spur

shell = spur.SshShell(hostname="localhost", username="bob", password="password1")
result = shell.run(["echo", "-n", "hello"])
print result.output # prints hello

如果需要在外壳中运行：

shell.run(["sh", "-c", "echo -n hello"])

把事情简单化。无需库。

import subprocess

subprocess.Popen("ssh {user}@{host} {cmd}".format(user=user, host=host, cmd='ls -l'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()

所有人都已经使用paramiko声明了（推荐），我只是分享了一个python代码（有人可能会说API），它允许您一次执行多个命令。

在不同节点上执行命令，请使用： Commands().run_cmd(host_ip, list_of_commands)

您将看到一个TODO，如果任何命令执行失败，我都会停止执行该操作，我不知道该怎么做。请分享你的知识

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
import sys
import select
import paramiko
import time


class Commands:
    def __init__(self, retry_time=0):
        self.retry_time = retry_time
        pass

    def run_cmd(self, host_ip, cmd_list):
        i = 0
        while True:
        # print("Trying to connect to %s (%i/%i)" % (self.host, i, self.retry_time))
        try:
            ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            ssh.connect(host_ip)
            break
        except paramiko.AuthenticationException:
            print("Authentication failed when connecting to %s" % host_ip)
            sys.exit(1)
        except:
            print("Could not SSH to %s, waiting for it to start" % host_ip)
            i += 1
            time.sleep(2)

        # If we could not connect within time limit
        if i >= self.retry_time:
            print("Could not connect to %s. Giving up" % host_ip)
            sys.exit(1)
        # After connection is successful
        # Send the command
        for command in cmd_list:
            # print command
            print "> " + command
            # execute commands
            stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
            # TODO() : if an error is thrown, stop further rules and revert back changes
            # Wait for the command to terminate
            while not stdout.channel.exit_status_ready():
                # Only print data if there is data to read in the channel
                if stdout.channel.recv_ready():
                    rl, wl, xl = select.select([ stdout.channel ], [ ], [ ], 0.0)
                    if len(rl) > 0:
                        tmp = stdout.channel.recv(1024)
                        output = tmp.decode()
                        print output

        # Close SSH connection
        ssh.close()
        return

def main(args=None):
    if args is None:
        print "arguments expected"
    else:
        # args = {'<ip_address>', <list_of_commands>}
        mytest = Commands()
        mytest.run_cmd(host_ip=args[0], cmd_list=args[1])
    return


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])

谢谢！

我用了paramiko一堆（不错）和pxssh（也不错）。我会推荐。它们的工作方式略有不同，但在用法上有较大的重叠。

在添加其他行之后，paramiko终于为我工作了，这确实很重要（第3行）：

import paramiko

p = paramiko.SSHClient()
p.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())   # This script doesn't work for me unless this line is added!
p.connect("server", port=22, username="username", password="password")
stdin, stdout, stderr = p.exec_command("your command")
opt = stdout.readlines()
opt = "".join(opt)
print(opt)

确保已安装paramiko软件包。解决方案的原始来源：来源

#Reading the Host,username,password,port from excel file
import paramiko 
import xlrd

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

loc = ('/Users/harshgow/Documents/PYTHON_WORK/labcred.xlsx')
wo = xlrd.open_workbook(loc)
sheet = wo.sheet_by_index(0)
Host = sheet.cell_value(0,1)
Port = int(sheet.cell_value(3,1))
User = sheet.cell_value(1,1)
Pass = sheet.cell_value(2,1)

def details(Host,Port,User,Pass):
    ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass)
    print('connected to ip ',Host)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")
    stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')
    print('success')

details(Host,Port,User,Pass)

完美运作...

import paramiko
import time

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
#ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('10.106.104.24', port=22, username='admin', password='')

time.sleep(5)
print('connected')
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(" ")

def execute():
       stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')
       print('success')

execute()

接受的答案对我不起作用，这是我改用的方式：

import paramiko
import os

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))
ssh.connect("d.d.d.d", username="user", password="pass", port=22222)

ssh_stdin, ssh_stdout, ssh_stderr = ssh.exec_command("ls -alrt")
exit_code = ssh_stdout.channel.recv_exit_status() # handles async exit error 

for line in ssh_stdout:
    print(line.strip())

total 44
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  129 Dec 28  2013 .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  100 Dec 28  2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 Dec 28  2013 .bashrc
...

另外，您可以使用sshpass：

import subprocess
cmd = """ sshpass -p "myPas$" ssh user@d.d.d.d -p 22222 'my command; exit' """
print( subprocess.getoutput(cmd) )

参考文献：
1. https://github.com/onyxfish/relay/issues/11
2. https://stackoverflow.com/a/61016663/797495

看一下spurplus，我们围绕spur它开发的包装器提供了类型注释和一些小技巧（重新连接SFTP，md5 等）：https : //pypi.org/project/spurplus/

要求用户根据他们登录的设备输入命令。
以下代码已由PEP8online.com验证。

import paramiko
import xlrd
import time

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
loc = ('/Users/harshgow/Documents/PYTHON_WORK/labcred.xlsx')
wo = xlrd.open_workbook(loc)
sheet = wo.sheet_by_index(0)
Host = sheet.cell_value(0, 1)
Port = int(sheet.cell_value(3, 1))
User = sheet.cell_value(1, 1)
Pass = sheet.cell_value(2, 1)

def details(Host, Port, User, Pass):
    time.sleep(2)
    ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass)
    print('connected to ip ', Host)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")
    x = input('Enter the command:')
    stdin.write(x)
    stdin.write('\n')
    print('success')

details(Host, Port, User, Pass)

在下面的示例中，假设您要用户输入主机名，用户名，密码和端口号。

  import paramiko

  ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

  ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())



  def details():

  Host = input("Enter the Hostname: ")

  Port = input("Enter the Port: ")

  User = input("Enter the Username: ")

  Pass = input("Enter the Password: ")

  ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass, timeout=2)

  print('connected')

  stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")

  stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')

  print('success')

  details()