如何使用jq将JSON字符串格式化为表？

81

刚开始使用Bash脚本，偶然发现jq可与JSON一起使用。

我需要将如下所示的JSON字符串转换为表格以在终端中输出。

[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]

我要在终端中显示的内容：

ID        Name
=================
12        George
18        Jack
19        Joe

请注意，我不想显示每一行的email属性，因此jq命令应该涉及一些过滤。下面为我​​提供了一个简单的名称和ID列表：

list=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.[] | .name, .id')
printf "$list"

问题在于，我无法将其显示为表格。我知道jq有一些格式化选项，但是不如我使用时的选项好printf。我想我想将这些值存储在一个数组中，然后可以遍历自己进行格式化...？我尝试过的事情给我带来了不同的结果，但从来没有我真正想要的。

有人可以指出我正确的方向吗？

json  bash  jq 
— in绳
source
您可以添加jq -r ...命令的一些示例输出吗？
— 米查·维登曼
您使用echo可避免jq -r '...' <<<$data或jr -r '...' < input-file.json。
— 米查·维登曼
您的问题是：我有一个字符串"name1 value1 name2 value2 name3 value3"如何将其打印为表格？
— 米查·维登曼

Answers:

67

为什么不这样：

echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | "\(.id)\t\(.name)"'

输出量

12  George
18  Jack
19  Joe

编辑1：对于细粒度的格式化，请使用以下工具awk

 echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @csv' | awk -v FS="," 'BEGIN{print "ID\tName";print "============"}{printf "%s\t%s%s",$1,$2,ORS}'
ID  Name
============
12  "George"
18  "Jack"
19  "Joe"

编辑2：回复

我无法从jq直接获取包含数组的变量吗？

为什么不？

涉及到一个示例（实际上是从您的示例修改而来的），其中将电子邮件更改为数组说明了这一点

echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 20,
    "email": [ "george@domain1.com" , "george@domain2.com" ]
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": [ "jack@domain3.com" , "jack@domain5.com" ]
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": [ "joe@domain.com" ]
}]' | jq -r '.[] | .email'

输出量

[
  "george@domain1.com",
  "george@domain2.com"
]
[
  "jack@domain3.com",
  "jack@domain5.com"
]
[
  "joe@domain.com"
]
— sjsam
source
谢谢您的回答。在这种特殊情况下，这非常有效，ID的长度都相同。想象一下，我将切换字段的顺序，这将使我看上去根本不像手持表。我确实正在寻找可以在更多数据集上使用的解决方案。不过，谢谢您的回答！
— 赖因
好的，我知道了。我无法从jq直接获取包含数组的变量吗？我总是不得不从弦上走吗？
— 赖因
感谢您的帮助，输出与我想要的完全一样（名称周围的引号除外）。从字符串开始而不是像在Python中那样获得现成的可使用数组感觉很奇怪。对我来说，这感觉笨拙而肮脏，但我想只是习惯适应bash想法的人是我吗？我将尝试使其成为可以重用的函数，以便可以将其用于具有不同标头的更多JSON字符串。
— 赖因
@Rein：要进行细粒度格式化，您需要以csv格式打印输出，然后使用awk，但请注意，复杂的情况可能会失败。对于您的第二条评论，请参阅最后的编辑，并将其与[this]答案一起阅读。
— sjsam
1
感谢您的链接和解释，超级有用！
— 赖因
88

使用@tsv过滤器有很多值得推荐的地方，主要是因为它以标准方式处理大量“边缘情况”：

.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv

添加标头可以这样完成：

jq -r '["ID","NAME"], ["--","------"], (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'

结果：

ID  NAME
--  ------
12  George
18  Jack
19  Joe

length*"-"

要自动生成虚线，请执行以下操作：

jq -r '(["ID","NAME"] | (., map(length*"-"))), (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'
— 峰
source
该@tsv过滤器甚至JQ基本过滤器手册页上，嗯...我不知道还有什么我可能会错过:)
— ЯрославРахматуллин
14

手动定义标题不是最佳选择！省略标题也不是最理想的。

TL; DR

数据

[{ "name": "George", "id": 12, "email": "george@domain.com" },
{ "name": "Jack", "id": 18, "email": "jack@domain.com" }, 
{ "name": "Joe", "id": 19, "email": "joe@domain.com" }]

脚本

  [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
      |    (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)
         , (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)

怎么跑

$ < data jq -rf script  | column -t
name    id  email
George  12  george@domain.com
Jack    18  jack@domain.com
Joe     19  joe@domain.com

我总结了亚马逊网络服务的一些数据时发现了这个问题。如果您想要另一个示例，我正在研究的问题是：

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-instance-requests | tee /tmp/ins |
    jq  --raw-output '
                                     # extract instances as a flat list.
    [.SpotInstanceRequests | .[] 
                                     # remove unwanted data
    | { 
        State, 
        statusCode: .Status.Code, 
        type: .LaunchSpecification.InstanceType, 
        blockPrice: .ActualBlockHourlyPrice, 
        created: .CreateTime, 
        SpotInstanceRequestId}
    ] 
                                        # lowercase keys
                                        # (for predictable sorting, optional)
    |  [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
        |    (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)               # print headers
           , (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)                       # print table
    ' | column -t

输出：

state      statuscode                   type     blockprice  created                   spotinstancerequestid
closed     instance-terminated-by-user  t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z  sir-r5bh7skq
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z  sir-1k9s5h3m
closed     instance-terminated-by-user  t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z  sir-43x16b6n
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z  sir-2jsh5brn
active     fulfilled                    t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z  sir-z1e9591m
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z  sir-n7c15y5p

输入：

$ cat /tmp/ins
{
    "SpotInstanceRequests": [
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.", 
                "Code": "instance-terminated-by-user", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:31:03.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:21:36.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-0414083bef5e91d94", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-r5bh7skq", 
            "State": "closed", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.008000"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:48.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:51:47.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda", 
                "Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-1k9s5h3m", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.", 
                "Code": "instance-terminated-by-user", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:03:34.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:55:26.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-010442ac3cc85ec08", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-43x16b6n", 
            "State": "closed", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:24.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:29:23.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Addressing type must be 'public'", 
                "Code": "InvalidParameterCombination"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-2jsh5brn", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your spot request is fulfilled.", 
                "Code": "fulfilled", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:28.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:37:26.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-0a29e9de6d59d433f", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-z1e9591m", 
            "State": "active", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.008000"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:43.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:33:42.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda", 
                "Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-n7c15y5p", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }
    ]
}
— ЯрославРахматуллин
source
1
column -t巧妙地使标题与表格本身对齐。谢谢！
— Dimitris Moraitidis
0

如果值不包含空格，则可能会有所帮助：

read -r -a data <<<'name1 value1 name2 value2'

echo "name value"
echo "=========="

for ((i=0; i<${#data[@]}; i+=2)); do
  echo ${data[$i]} ${data[$((i+1))]}
done

输出量

name value
==========
name1 value1
name2 value2
— 米查·维登曼（Micha Wiedenmann）
source
我开始意识到我无法直接从jq获取数组，对吗？因此，解决方法是从字符串中获取一个字符串（以可行的格式）并从那里开始？
— 赖因
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