Answers:
您可以使用timedelta对象:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
d = datetime.today() - timedelta(days=days_to_subtract)
timedelta(minutes=12)
,例如,我已经使用了它。
import datetime as DT; DT.datetime.today()
是否在Python 2和3上均可使用。它等效于DT.datetime.now()
。
如果您的Python日期时间对象可识别时区,则应注意避免DST转换周围的错误(或由于其他原因导致UTC偏移量发生变化):
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from tzlocal import get_localzone # pip install tzlocal
DAY = timedelta(1)
local_tz = get_localzone() # get local timezone
now = datetime.now(local_tz) # get timezone-aware datetime object
day_ago = local_tz.normalize(now - DAY) # exactly 24 hours ago, time may differ
naive = now.replace(tzinfo=None) - DAY # same time
yesterday = local_tz.localize(naive, is_dst=None) # but elapsed hours may differ
在一般情况下,day_ago
和yesterday
如果UTC偏移量本地时区中的最后一天发生了变化可能会有所不同。
例如,夏令时/夏令时在美国/洛杉矶时区的Sun 2-Nov-2014的02:00:00 AM结束,因此,如果:
import pytz # pip install pytz
local_tz = pytz.timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
now = local_tz.localize(datetime(2014, 11, 2, 10), is_dst=None)
# 2014-11-02 10:00:00 PST-0800
然后day_ago
和yesterday
不同:
day_ago
恰好是24小时前(相对于now
),但在上午11点而不是上午10点now
yesterday
是昨天上午10点,但是是25小时前(相对于now
),而不是24小时。pendulum
模块自动处理它:
>>> import pendulum # $ pip install pendulum
>>> now = pendulum.create(2014, 11, 2, 10, tz='America/Los_Angeles')
>>> day_ago = now.subtract(hours=24) # exactly 24 hours ago
>>> yesterday = now.subtract(days=1) # yesterday at 10 am but it is 25 hours ago
>>> (now - day_ago).in_hours()
24
>>> (now - yesterday).in_hours()
25
>>> now
<Pendulum [2014-11-02T10:00:00-08:00]>
>>> day_ago
<Pendulum [2014-11-01T11:00:00-07:00]>
>>> yesterday
<Pendulum [2014-11-01T10:00:00-07:00]>
只是为了阐明对它有帮助的替代方法和用例:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta print datetime.now() + timedelta(days=-1) # Here, I am adding a negative timedelta
from datetime import datetime, timedelta print datetime.now() + timedelta(days=5, hours=-5)
它可以类似地与其他参数一起使用,例如秒,周等
当我想计算上个月的第一天/最后一天或其他相对时间增量等时,我也喜欢使用另一个好函数。
从relativedelta功能dateutil功能(一个强大的扩展到datetime LIB)
import datetime as dt
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
#get first and last day of this and last month)
today = dt.date.today()
first_day_this_month = dt.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)
last_day_last_month = first_day_this_month - relativedelta(days=1)
print (first_day_this_month, last_day_last_month)
>2015-03-01 2015-02-28