经过一段时间的反复试验，我找到了适合大多数情况的解决方案。这是代码：
清单配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.pepperonas.myapplication">
<application
android:name=".App"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
主要活动：
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Fragment mFragment;
private int mSelected = -1;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate " + "");
// null check not realy needed - but just in case...
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
initUi();
// get an instance of FragmentTransaction from your Activity
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
/*IMPORTANT: Do the INITIAL(!) transaction only once!
* If we call this everytime the layout changes orientation,
* we will end with a messy, half-working UI.
* */
mFragment = FragmentOne.newInstance(mSelected = 0);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.frame, mFragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
}
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
Log.d(TAG, "onConfigurationChanged " +
(newConfig.orientation
== Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE
? "landscape" : "portrait"));
initUi();
Log.i(TAG, "onConfigurationChanged - last selected: " + mSelected);
makeFragmentTransaction(mSelected);
}
/**
* Called from {@link #onCreate} and {@link #onConfigurationChanged}
*/
private void initUi() {
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate instanceState == null / reinitializing..." + "");
Button btnFragmentOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_fragment_one);
Button btnFragmentTwo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_fragment_two);
btnFragmentOne.setOnClickListener(this);
btnFragmentTwo.setOnClickListener(this);
}
/**
* Not invoked (just for testing)...
*/
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState " + "YOU WON'T SEE ME!!!");
}
/**
* Not invoked (just for testing)...
*/
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState " + "YOU WON'T SEE ME, AS WELL!!!");
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
Log.d(TAG, "onResume " + "");
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
Log.d(TAG, "onPause " + "");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy " + "");
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_fragment_one:
Log.d(TAG, "onClick btn_fragment_one " + "");
makeFragmentTransaction(0);
break;
case R.id.btn_fragment_two:
Log.d(TAG, "onClick btn_fragment_two " + "");
makeFragmentTransaction(1);
break;
default:
Log.d(TAG, "onClick null - wtf?!" + "");
}
}
/**
* We replace the current Fragment with the selected one.
* Note: It's called from {@link #onConfigurationChanged} as well.
*/
private void makeFragmentTransaction(int selection) {
switch (selection) {
case 0:
mFragment = FragmentOne.newInstance(mSelected = 0);
break;
case 1:
mFragment = FragmentTwo.newInstance(mSelected = 1);
break;
}
// Create new transaction
FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
// Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
// and add the transaction to the back stack
transaction.replace(R.id.frame, mFragment);
/*This would add the Fragment to the backstack...
* But right now we comment it out.*/
// transaction.addToBackStack(null);
// Commit the transaction
transaction.commit();
}
}
和示例片段：
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* @author Martin Pfeffer (pepperonas)
*/
public class FragmentOne extends Fragment {
private static final String TAG = "FragmentOne";
public static Fragment newInstance(int i) {
Fragment fragment = new FragmentOne();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt("the_id", i);
fragment.setArguments(args);
return fragment;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView " + "");
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_one, container, false);
}
}
可以在github上找到。