IE11-CSS变量是否存在polyfill /脚本？

91

我正在混合Web浏览器环境（Chrome / IE11）中开发网页。IE11不支持CSS变量，是否存在可以让我在IE11中使用CSS变量的polyfill或脚本？

css  internet-explorer-11  polyfills 
— R.StackUser
source
什么样的css变量？
— bhansa
6
— I haz kode
@ R.StackUser将以下答案之一标记为正确的答案。干杯。
— AndrewL64 '19
看看这个Custom-Properties-Polyfill：github.com/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties
— Tobias Buschor

Answers:

113

是的，只要您正在处理根级自定义属性（IE9 +）。

从自述文件：

特征

  • 客户端将CSS自定义属性转换为静态值
  • 在现代和旧版浏览器中实时更新运行时值
  • 变换<link>，<style>和@importCSS
  • 将相对url()路径转换为绝对URL
  • 支持链接和嵌套var()功能
  • 支持var()功能后备值
  • 支持Web组件/阴影DOM CSS
  • 观看模式会自动更新<link>和<style>更改
  • 提供UMD和ES6模块
  • 包含TypeScript定义
  • 轻量级（至少6k + gzip）且无依赖

局限性

  • 自定义属性支持仅限于:root和:host声明
  • var（）的使用仅限于属性值（根据W3C规范）

以下是该库可以处理的一些示例：

根级自定义属性

:root {
    --a: red;
}

p {
    color: var(--a);
}

链接的自定义属性

:root {
    --a: var(--b);
    --b: var(--c);
    --c: red;
}

p {
    color: var(--a);
}

嵌套的自定义属性

:root {
    --a: 1em;
    --b: 2;
}

p {
    font-size: calc(var(--a) * var(--b));
}

后备值

p {
    font-size: var(--a, 1rem);
    color: var(--b, var(--c, var(--d, red))); 
}

变换<link>，<style>和@importCSS

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/absolute/path/to/style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../relative/path/to/style.css">

<style>
    @import "/absolute/path/to/style.css";
    @import "../relative/path/to/style.css";
</style>

转换Web组件/阴影DOM

<custom-element>
  #shadow-root
    <style>
      .my-custom-element {
        color: var(--test-color);
      }
    </style>
    <div class="my-custom-element">Hello.</div>
</custom-element>

为了完整性：w3c规格

希望这可以帮助。

（无耻的自我促进：检查）

— 吉尔登比德尔
source
6
这应该是公认的答案。Codepen不仅缺少功能，而且不能处理诸如最小化的CSS，背景图像变量，CSS中的注释等问题。我知道，因为我已经对其进行了广泛的测试。我建议使用@jhildenbiddle提供的ponyfill
— Andres M，
优秀！谢谢！
— Tackgnol
1
@Davey-ponyfill不支持范围内的自定义属性，因此--primary: #aaa不会处理声明。在此问题中提供了更详细的解释：将支持扩展到：root之外。
— jhildenbiddle
2
在IE中，@ Davey可以访问自定义属性的值，但不能以“-”开头。那就是我的polyfill工作方式，请参见stackoverflow.com/a/57000437/4865307
— Tobias Buschor，
1
仅供参考，我发现这比替代方法（即11CustomProperties）快得多-:root限制对我来说不是问题。为了进一步提高性能，请检查选项，例如{ exclude: '[href*=jquery-ui],...', preserveStatic: false }。
— Dunc
62

这种polyfill几乎完全支持IE11中的自定义属性（不仅是根级别）：https :
//github.com/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties

这个怎么运作

该脚本利用了IE具有最少的自定义属性支持这一事实，可以在定义和读取属性时考虑到级联。
.myEl {-ie-test:'aaa'} // only one dash allowed! "-"
然后用javascript阅读：
getComputedStyle( querySelector('.myEl') )['-ie-test']

自述文件的功能：

  • 处理动态添加的html-content
  • 处理动态添加<style>，<link>-elements
  • 链式 --bar:var(--foo)
  • 倒退 var(--color, blue)
  • ：focus，：target，：hover
  • js集成：
    • style.setProperty('--x','y')
    • style.getPropertyValue('--x')
    • getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('--inherited')
  • 内联样式： <div ie-style="--color:blue"...
  • 级联工程
  • 继承作品
  • 3k以下（min + gzip），且无依赖

演示：

https://rawcdn.githack.com/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties/b851ec2b6b8e336a78857b570d9c12a8526c9a91/test.html

— 托比亚斯·布肖（Tobias Buschor）
source
1
我花了一些时间来了解如何使用这种polyfill。README.md不太清楚。解决方案：您只需要<script src="yourJsPath/ie11CustomProperties.js"></script>在HTML文件的开头部分添加IE11，即可达成共识。
— Jpsy
1
感谢您的反馈意见。现在有一个使用部分
— Tobias Buschor
3
对我来说，这种更苗条的解决方案是正确的方法。上面的ponyfill评级较高，因为它的存在较早（2017年11月首次提交），而ie11CustomProperties首次于2019年7月提交）。自我评估。不要为了“更好的质量”而增加投票数量。
— digitaldonkey
9

上面[我有科德]的问题注释部分中的代码笔代码段链接+1。我发现的一件事是，需要对代码片段进行一些修改，以使功能声明以JSON格式定义，以使IE11不会抱怨。以下是代码笔代码片段的稍作修改的版本：

let cssVarPoly = {
    init: function() {
        // first lets see if the browser supports CSS variables
        // No version of IE supports window.CSS.supports, so if that isn't supported in the first place we know CSS variables is not supported
        // Edge supports supports, so check for actual variable support
        if (window.CSS && window.CSS.supports && window.CSS.supports('(--foo: red)')) {
            // this browser does support variables, abort
            console.log('your browser supports CSS variables, aborting and letting the native support handle things.');
            return;
        } else {
            // edge barfs on console statements if the console is not open... lame!
            console.log('no support for you! polyfill all (some of) the things!!');
            document.querySelector('body').classList.add('cssvars-polyfilled');
        }

        cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars = {};
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock = {};
        cssVarPoly.oldCSS = {};

        // start things off
        cssVarPoly.findCSS();
        cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
    },

    // find all the css blocks, save off the content, and look for variables
    findCSS: function() {
        let styleBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('style:not(.inserted),link[type="text/css"]');

        // we need to track the order of the style/link elements when we save off the CSS, set a counter
        let counter = 1;

        // loop through all CSS blocks looking for CSS variables being set
        [].forEach.call(styleBlocks, function (block) {
            // console.log(block.nodeName);
            let theCSS;
            if (block.nodeName === 'STYLE') {
                // console.log("style");
                theCSS = block.innerHTML;
                cssVarPoly.findSetters(theCSS, counter);
            } else if (block.nodeName === 'LINK') {
                // console.log("link");
                cssVarPoly.getLink(block.getAttribute('href'), counter, function (counter, request) {
                    cssVarPoly.findSetters(request.responseText, counter);
                    cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = request.responseText;
                    cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
                });
                theCSS = '';
            }
            // save off the CSS to parse through again later. the value may be empty for links that are waiting for their ajax return, but this will maintain the order
            cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = theCSS;
            counter++;
        });
    },

    // find all the "--variable: value" matches in a provided block of CSS and add them to the master list
    findSetters: function(theCSS, counter) {
        // console.log(theCSS);
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock[counter] = theCSS.match(/(--.+:.+;)/g) || [];
    },

    // run through all the CSS blocks to update the variables and then inject on the page
    updateCSS: function() {
        // first lets loop through all the variables to make sure later vars trump earlier vars
        cssVarPoly.ratifySetters(cssVarPoly.varsByBlock);

        // loop through the css blocks (styles and links)
        for (let curCSSID in cssVarPoly.oldCSS) {
            // console.log("curCSS:",oldCSS[curCSSID]);
            let newCSS = cssVarPoly.replaceGetters(cssVarPoly.oldCSS[curCSSID], cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars);
            // put it back into the page
            // first check to see if this block exists already
            if (document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID)) {
                // console.log("updating")
                document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID).innerHTML = newCSS;
            } else {
                // console.log("adding");
                var style = document.createElement('style');
                style.type = 'text/css';
                style.innerHTML = newCSS;
                style.classList.add('inserted');
                style.id = 'inserted' + curCSSID;
                document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(style);
            }
        };
    },

    // parse a provided block of CSS looking for a provided list of variables and replace the --var-name with the correct value
    replaceGetters: function(curCSS, varList) {
        // console.log(varList);
        for (let theVar in varList) {
            // console.log(theVar);
            // match the variable with the actual variable name
            let getterRegex = new RegExp('var\\(\\s*' + theVar + '\\s*\\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex, varList[theVar]);

            // now check for any getters that are left that have fallbacks
            let getterRegex2 = new RegExp('var\\(\\s*.+\\s*,\\s*(.+)\\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            let matches = curCSS.match(getterRegex2);
            if (matches) {
                // console.log("matches",matches);
                matches.forEach(function (match) {
                    // console.log(match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/))
                    // find the fallback within the getter
                    curCSS = curCSS.replace(match, match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/)[1]);
                });

            }

            // curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex2,varList[theVar]);
        };
        // console.log(curCSS);
        return curCSS;
    },

    // determine the css variable name value pair and track the latest
    ratifySetters: function(varList) {
        // console.log("varList:",varList);
        // loop through each block in order, to maintain order specificity
        for (let curBlock in varList) {
            let curVars = varList[curBlock];
            // console.log("curVars:",curVars);
            // loop through each var in the block
            curVars.forEach(function (theVar) {
                // console.log(theVar);
                // split on the name value pair separator
                let matches = theVar.split(/:\s*/);
                // console.log(matches);
                // put it in an object based on the varName. Each time we do this it will override a previous use and so will always have the last set be the winner
                // 0 = the name, 1 = the value, strip off the ; if it is there
                cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars[matches[0]] = matches[1].replace(/;/, '');
            });
        };
        // console.log(ratifiedVars);
    },

    // get the CSS file (same domain for now)
    getLink: function(url, counter, success) {
        var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
        request.open('GET', url, true);
        request.overrideMimeType('text/css;');
        request.onload = function () {
            if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
                // Success!
                // console.log(request.responseText);
                if (typeof success === 'function') {
                    success(counter, request);
                }
            } else {
                // We reached our target server, but it returned an error
                console.warn('an error was returned from:', url);
            }
        };

        request.onerror = function () {
            // There was a connection error of some sort
            console.warn('we could not get anything from:', url);
        };

        request.send();
    }

};

cssVarPoly.init();
— ajawad987
source
3

我尝试了这个版本的Polyfill，但是当CSS中的一行包含多个变量（FI字体和颜色）时，出现了错误。我的一个同事帮助了我。参见第94行。

let cssVarPoly = {
    init: function() {
        // first lets see if the browser supports CSS variables
        // No version of IE supports window.CSS.supports, so if that isn't supported in the first place we know CSS variables is not supported
        // Edge supports supports, so check for actual variable support
        if (window.CSS && window.CSS.supports && window.CSS.supports('(--foo: red)')) {
            // this browser does support variables, abort
            // console.log('your browser supports CSS variables, aborting and letting the native support handle things.');
            return;
        } else {
            // edge barfs on console statements if the console is not open... lame!
            // console.log('no support for you! polyfill all (some of) the things!!');
            document.querySelector('body').classList.add('cssvars-polyfilled');
        }

        cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars = {};
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock = {};
        cssVarPoly.oldCSS = {};

        // start things off
        cssVarPoly.findCSS();
        cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
    },

    // find all the css blocks, save off the content, and look for variables
    findCSS: function() {
        let styleBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('style:not(.inserted),link[type="text/css"]');

        // we need to track the order of the style/link elements when we save off the CSS, set a counter
        let counter = 1;

        // loop through all CSS blocks looking for CSS variables being set
        [].forEach.call(styleBlocks, function (block) {
            // console.log(block.nodeName);
            let theCSS;
            if (block.nodeName === 'STYLE') {
                // console.log("style");
                theCSS = block.innerHTML;
                cssVarPoly.findSetters(theCSS, counter);
            } else if (block.nodeName === 'LINK') {
                // console.log("link");
                cssVarPoly.getLink(block.getAttribute('href'), counter, function (counter, request) {
                    cssVarPoly.findSetters(request.responseText, counter);
                    cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = request.responseText;
                    cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
                });
                theCSS = '';
            }
            // save off the CSS to parse through again later. the value may be empty for links that are waiting for their ajax return, but this will maintain the order
            cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = theCSS;
            counter++;
        });
    },

    // find all the "--variable: value" matches in a provided block of CSS and add them to the master list
    findSetters: function(theCSS, counter) {
        // console.log(theCSS);
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock[counter] = theCSS.match(/(--.+:.+;)/g) || [];
    },

    // run through all the CSS blocks to update the variables and then inject on the page
    updateCSS: function() {
        // first lets loop through all the variables to make sure later vars trump earlier vars
        cssVarPoly.ratifySetters(cssVarPoly.varsByBlock);

        // loop through the css blocks (styles and links)
        for (let curCSSID in cssVarPoly.oldCSS) {
            // console.log("curCSS:",oldCSS[curCSSID]);
            let newCSS = cssVarPoly.replaceGetters(cssVarPoly.oldCSS[curCSSID], cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars);
            // put it back into the page
            // first check to see if this block exists already
            if (document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID)) {
                // console.log("updating")
                document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID).innerHTML = newCSS;
            } else {
                // console.log("adding");
                var style = document.createElement('style');
                style.type = 'text/css';
                style.innerHTML = newCSS;
                style.classList.add('inserted');
                style.id = 'inserted' + curCSSID;
                document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(style);
            }
        };
    },

    // parse a provided block of CSS looking for a provided list of variables and replace the --var-name with the correct value
    replaceGetters: function(curCSS, varList) {
        // console.log(varList);
        for (let theVar in varList) {
            // console.log(theVar);
            // match the variable with the actual variable name
            // console.log (theVar);
            var res = theVar.match(/--[a-zA-Z0-9-]+/g);
            // console.log (res[0]);
            theVar = res[0];
            let getterRegex = new RegExp('var\\(\\s*' + theVar + '\\s*\\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex, varList[theVar]);

            // now check for any getters that are left that have fallbacks
            let getterRegex2 = new RegExp('var\\(\\s*.+\\s*,\\s*(.+)\\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            let matches = curCSS.match(getterRegex2);
            if (matches) {
                // console.log("matches",matches);
                matches.forEach(function (match) {
                    // console.log(match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/))
                    // find the fallback within the getter
                    curCSS = curCSS.replace(match, match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/)[1]);
                });
            }

            // curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex2,varList[theVar]);
        };
        // console.log(curCSS);
        return curCSS;
    },

    // determine the css variable name value pair and track the latest
    ratifySetters: function(varList) {
        // console.log("varList:",varList);
        // loop through each block in order, to maintain order specificity
        for (let curBlock in varList) {
            let curVars = varList[curBlock];
            // console.log("curVars:",curVars);
            // loop through each var in the block
            curVars.forEach(function (theVar) {
                // console.log(theVar);
                // split on the name value pair separator
                let matches = theVar.split(/:\s*/);
                // console.log(matches);
                // put it in an object based on the varName. Each time we do this it will override a previous use and so will always have the last set be the winner
                // 0 = the name, 1 = the value, strip off the ; if it is there
                cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars[matches[0]] = matches[1].replace(/;/, '');
            });
        };
        // console.log(ratifiedVars);
    },

    // get the CSS file (same domain for now)
    getLink: function(url, counter, success) {
        var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
        request.open('GET', url, true);
        request.overrideMimeType('text/css;');
        request.onload = function () {
            if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
                // Success!
                // console.log(request.responseText);
                if (typeof success === 'function') {
                    success(counter, request);
                }
            } else {
                // We reached our target server, but it returned an error
                console.warn('an error was returned from:', url);
            }
        };

        request.onerror = function () {
            // There was a connection error of some sort
            console.warn('we could not get anything from:', url);
        };

        request.send();
    }

};

cssVarPoly.init();
— 脾气暴躁的老混蛋
source
0

要支持Internet Explorer，只需在index.html头标记中使用以下脚本，它的工作原理就很吸引人。

<script>window.MSInputMethodContext && document.documentMode && document.write('<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties@4.1.0/ie11CustomProperties.min.js"><\x2fscript>');</script>
— 罗希尼巴布
source
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