如何用C ++中的另一个子字符串替换字符串中的子字符串,我可以使用哪些函数?
eg: string test = "abc def abc def";
test.replace("abc", "hij").replace("def", "klm"); //replace occurrence of abc and def with other substring
Answers:
C ++中没有一个内置函数可以执行此操作。如果您想将一个子字符串的所有实例替换为另一个子字符串,可以通过混合调用string::find
和来实现string::replace
。例如:
size_t index = 0;
while (true) {
/* Locate the substring to replace. */
index = str.find("abc", index);
if (index == std::string::npos) break;
/* Make the replacement. */
str.replace(index, 3, "def");
/* Advance index forward so the next iteration doesn't pick it up as well. */
index += 3;
}
在这段代码的最后一行中,我增加index
了插入到字符串中的字符串的长度。在这个特定的示例中-替换"abc"
为"def"
-实际上并没有必要。但是,在更一般的设置中,跳过刚刚被替换的字符串很重要。例如,如果您要替换"abc"
为"abcabc"
,而无需跳过新替换的字符串段,则此代码将连续替换新替换的字符串的部分,直到内存用尽。独立地,无论如何跳过这些新字符可能会更快一些,因为这样做可以节省一些时间和精力string::find
。
希望这可以帮助!
index
)移到了替换字符串的那部分之后。
#include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
{ // 1.
string test = "abc def abc def";
boost::replace_all(test, "abc", "hij");
boost::replace_all(test, "def", "klm");
}
{ // 2.
string test = boost::replace_all_copy
( boost::replace_all_copy<string>("abc def abc def", "abc", "hij")
, "def"
, "klm"
);
}
在 C ++ 11,您可以使用std::regex_replace
:
#include <string>
#include <regex>
std::string test = "abc def abc def";
test = std::regex_replace(test, std::regex("def"), "klm");
我认为,如果替换字符串的长度与要替换的字符串的长度不同,则所有解决方案都将失败。(搜索“ abc”并替换为“ xxxxxx”)。一般的方法可能是:
void replaceAll( string &s, const string &search, const string &replace ) {
for( size_t pos = 0; ; pos += replace.length() ) {
// Locate the substring to replace
pos = s.find( search, pos );
if( pos == string::npos ) break;
// Replace by erasing and inserting
s.erase( pos, search.length() );
s.insert( pos, replace );
}
}
str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),str3);
哪里
str
是基本字符串str2
是要查找的子字符串str3
是替换子字符串替换子字符串并不难。
std::string ReplaceString(std::string subject, const std::string& search,
const std::string& replace) {
size_t pos = 0;
while((pos = subject.find(search, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
subject.replace(pos, search.length(), replace);
pos += replace.length();
}
return subject;
}
如果需要性能,下面是一个优化的函数,它可以修改输入字符串,但不会创建该字符串的副本:
void ReplaceStringInPlace(std::string& subject, const std::string& search,
const std::string& replace) {
size_t pos = 0;
while((pos = subject.find(search, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
subject.replace(pos, search.length(), replace);
pos += replace.length();
}
}
测试:
std::string input = "abc abc def";
std::cout << "Input string: " << input << std::endl;
std::cout << "ReplaceString() return value: "
<< ReplaceString(input, "bc", "!!") << std::endl;
std::cout << "ReplaceString() input string not changed: "
<< input << std::endl;
ReplaceStringInPlace(input, "bc", "??");
std::cout << "ReplaceStringInPlace() input string modified: "
<< input << std::endl;
输出:
Input string: abc abc def
ReplaceString() return value: a!! a!! def
ReplaceString() input string not modified: abc abc def
ReplaceStringInPlace() input string modified: a?? a?? def
if (search.empty()) { return; }
以避免在传递空“搜索”时发生无限循环。
using std::string;
string string_replace( string src, string const& target, string const& repl)
{
// handle error situations/trivial cases
if (target.length() == 0) {
// searching for a match to the empty string will result in
// an infinite loop
// it might make sense to throw an exception for this case
return src;
}
if (src.length() == 0) {
return src; // nothing to match against
}
size_t idx = 0;
for (;;) {
idx = src.find( target, idx);
if (idx == string::npos) break;
src.replace( idx, target.length(), repl);
idx += repl.length();
}
return src;
}
由于它不是string
该类的成员,因此它不允许使用与示例中一样好的语法,但是以下操作将等效:
test = string_replace( string_replace( test, "abc", "hij"), "def", "klm")
概括rotmax的答案,这是搜索和替换字符串中所有实例的完整解决方案。如果两个子字符串的大小都不同,则使用string :: erase和string :: insert。替换子字符串,否则使用更快的string :: replace。
void FindReplace(string& line, string& oldString, string& newString) {
const size_t oldSize = oldString.length();
// do nothing if line is shorter than the string to find
if( oldSize > line.length() ) return;
const size_t newSize = newString.length();
for( size_t pos = 0; ; pos += newSize ) {
// Locate the substring to replace
pos = line.find( oldString, pos );
if( pos == string::npos ) return;
if( oldSize == newSize ) {
// if they're same size, use std::string::replace
line.replace( pos, oldSize, newString );
} else {
// if not same size, replace by erasing and inserting
line.erase( pos, oldSize );
line.insert( pos, newString );
}
}
}
这是我使用构建器策略编写的解决方案:
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
string stringReplace (const string& source,
const string& toReplace,
const string& replaceWith)
{
size_t pos = 0;
size_t cursor = 0;
int repLen = toReplace.length();
stringstream builder;
do
{
pos = source.find(toReplace, cursor);
if (string::npos != pos)
{
//copy up to the match, then append the replacement
builder << source.substr(cursor, pos - cursor);
builder << replaceWith;
// skip past the match
cursor = pos + repLen;
}
}
while (string::npos != pos);
//copy the remainder
builder << source.substr(cursor);
return (builder.str());
}
测试:
void addTestResult (const string&& testId, bool pass)
{
...
}
void testStringReplace()
{
string source = "123456789012345678901234567890";
string toReplace = "567";
string replaceWith = "abcd";
string result = stringReplace (source, toReplace, replaceWith);
string expected = "1234abcd8901234abcd8901234abcd890";
bool pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("567", pass);
source = "123456789012345678901234567890";
toReplace = "123";
replaceWith = "-";
result = stringReplace(source, toReplace, replaceWith);
expected = "-4567890-4567890-4567890";
pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("start", pass);
source = "123456789012345678901234567890";
toReplace = "0";
replaceWith = "";
result = stringReplace(source, toReplace, replaceWith);
expected = "123456789123456789123456789";
pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("end", pass);
source = "123123456789012345678901234567890";
toReplace = "123";
replaceWith = "-";
result = stringReplace(source, toReplace, replaceWith);
expected = "--4567890-4567890-4567890";
pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("concat", pass);
source = "1232323323123456789012345678901234567890";
toReplace = "323";
replaceWith = "-";
result = stringReplace(source, toReplace, replaceWith);
expected = "12-23-123456789012345678901234567890";
pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("interleaved", pass);
source = "1232323323123456789012345678901234567890";
toReplace = "===";
replaceWith = "-";
result = utils_stringReplace(source, toReplace, replaceWith);
expected = source;
pass = (0 == result.compare(expected));
addTestResult("no match", pass);
}
string & replace(string & subj, string old, string neu)
{
size_t uiui = subj.find(old);
if (uiui != string::npos)
{
subj.erase(uiui, old.size());
subj.insert(uiui, neu);
}
return subj;
}
我认为这几乎可以满足您的要求!
@Czarek Tomczak的改进版本。
同时允许std::string
和std::wstring
。
template <typename charType>
void ReplaceSubstring(std::basic_string<charType>& subject,
const std::basic_string<charType>& search,
const std::basic_string<charType>& replace)
{
if (search.empty()) { return; }
typename std::basic_string<charType>::size_type pos = 0;
while((pos = subject.find(search, pos)) != std::basic_string<charType>::npos) {
subject.replace(pos, search.length(), replace);
pos += replace.length();
}
}
std::string replace(const std::string & in
, const std::string & from
, const std::string & to){
if(from.size() == 0 ) return in;
std::string out = "";
std::string tmp = "";
for(int i = 0, ii = -1; i < in.size(); ++i) {
// change ii
if ( ii < 0 && from[0] == in[i] ) {
ii = 0;
tmp = from[0];
} else if( ii >= 0 && ii < from.size()-1 ) {
ii ++ ;
tmp = tmp + in[i];
if(from[ii] == in[i]) {
} else {
out = out + tmp;
tmp = "";
ii = -1;
}
} else {
out = out + in[i];
}
if( tmp == from ) {
out = out + to;
tmp = "";
ii = -1;
}
}
return out;
};
这是使用递归的解决方案,该解决方案将所有出现的子字符串替换为另一个子字符串。无论字符串的大小如何,此方法都有效。
std::string ReplaceString(const std::string source_string, const std::string old_substring, const std::string new_substring)
{
// Can't replace nothing.
if (old_substring.empty())
return source_string;
// Find the first occurrence of the substring we want to replace.
size_t substring_position = source_string.find(old_substring);
// If not found, there is nothing to replace.
if (substring_position == std::string::npos)
return source_string;
// Return the part of the source string until the first occurance of the old substring + the new replacement substring + the result of the same function on the remainder.
return source_string.substr(0,substring_position) + new_substring + ReplaceString(source_string.substr(substring_position + old_substring.length(),source_string.length() - (substring_position + old_substring.length())), old_substring, new_substring);
}
用法示例:
std::string my_cpp_string = "This string is unmodified. You heard me right, it's unmodified.";
std::cout << "The original C++ string is:\n" << my_cpp_string << std::endl;
my_cpp_string = ReplaceString(my_cpp_string, "unmodified", "modified");
std::cout << "The final C++ string is:\n" << my_cpp_string << std::endl;
std::string replace(std::string str, std::string substr1, std::string substr2)
{
for (size_t index = str.find(substr1, 0); index != std::string::npos && substr1.length(); index = str.find(substr1, index + substr2.length() ) )
str.replace(index, substr1.length(), substr2);
return str;
}
不需要任何额外库的简短解决方案。