有通用的方法来查找外部SD卡的位置吗?
请不要与外部存储混淆。
Environment.getExternalStorageState()
返回到内部SD安装点的路径,例如“ / mnt / sdcard”。但是问题是关于外部SD。如何获得类似“ / mnt / sdcard / external_sd”的路径(可能因设备而异)?
我想我将以mount
文件系统名称过滤命令的输出而结束。但是我不确定这种方式是否足够健壮。
有通用的方法来查找外部SD卡的位置吗?
请不要与外部存储混淆。
Environment.getExternalStorageState()
返回到内部SD安装点的路径,例如“ / mnt / sdcard”。但是问题是关于外部SD。如何获得类似“ / mnt / sdcard / external_sd”的路径(可能因设备而异)?
我想我将以mount
文件系统名称过滤命令的输出而结束。但是我不确定这种方式是否足够健壮。
Answers:
Environment.getExternalStorageState()
返回内部SD安装点的路径,例如“ / mnt / sdcard”
不,Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
是指设备制造商认为是“外部存储”的任何内容。在某些设备上,这是可移动媒体,例如SD卡。在某些设备上,这是设备上闪存的一部分。在此,“外部存储”是指“至少在Android 1.x和2.x上可以通过安装在主机上的USB Mass Storage模式访问的内容”。
但是问题是关于外部SD。如何获得“ / mnt / sdcard / external_sd”之类的路径(可能因设备而异)?
如上所述,除了外部存储,Android没有“外部SD”的概念。
如果设备制造商选择外部存储为板载闪存,并且还具有SD卡,则需要与该制造商联系,以确定是否可以使用SD卡(不保证)以及适用的规则。使用它,例如使用什么路径。
更新
最近需要注意的两件事:
首先,在Android 4.4+上,您对可移动媒体(例如“外部SD”)没有写权限,除了该媒体上可能由getExternalFilesDirs()
和返回的任何位置getExternalCacheDirs()
。看到戴夫·史密斯的出色分析对此,尤其是在您需要底层细节时。
其次,以免有人质疑可移动媒体访问是否是Android SDK的一部分,这是Dianne Hackborn的评估:
...记住:在Android 4.4之前,官方的Android平台在以下时间不支持SD卡 所有除两种特殊情况:老同学存储布局,其中外部存储SD卡(这仍然是由平台支持的今天) ,并在Android 3.0中添加了一个小功能,它可以扫描其他SD卡并将其添加到媒体提供商,并为应用提供对其文件的只读访问权限(今天该平台仍支持该功能)。
Android 4.4是该平台的第一个版本,实际上已允许应用程序使用SD卡进行存储。在此之前,对它们的任何访问都是通过不支持的私有API进行的。我们现在在平台中拥有一个非常丰富的API,该API允许应用程序以受支持的方式以比以前更好的方式使用SD卡:它们可以免费使用其特定于应用程序的存储区域,而无需任何操作应用程序中的其他权限,并且只要它们通过文件选择器就可以访问SD卡上的任何其他文件,而且无需任何特殊权限。
我根据此处找到的一些答案提出了以下解决方案。
码:
public class ExternalStorage {
public static final String SD_CARD = "sdCard";
public static final String EXTERNAL_SD_CARD = "externalSdCard";
/**
* @return True if the external storage is available. False otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isAvailable() {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static String getSdCardPath() {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/";
}
/**
* @return True if the external storage is writable. False otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isWritable() {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* @return A map of all storage locations available
*/
public static Map<String, File> getAllStorageLocations() {
Map<String, File> map = new HashMap<String, File>(10);
List<String> mMounts = new ArrayList<String>(10);
List<String> mVold = new ArrayList<String>(10);
mMounts.add("/mnt/sdcard");
mVold.add("/mnt/sdcard");
try {
File mountFile = new File("/proc/mounts");
if(mountFile.exists()){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(mountFile);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.startsWith("/dev/block/vold/")) {
String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
String element = lineElements[1];
// don't add the default mount path
// it's already in the list.
if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
mMounts.add(element);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
File voldFile = new File("/system/etc/vold.fstab");
if(voldFile.exists()){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(voldFile);
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.startsWith("dev_mount")) {
String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
String element = lineElements[2];
if (element.contains(":"))
element = element.substring(0, element.indexOf(":"));
if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
mVold.add(element);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < mMounts.size(); i++) {
String mount = mMounts.get(i);
if (!mVold.contains(mount))
mMounts.remove(i--);
}
mVold.clear();
List<String> mountHash = new ArrayList<String>(10);
for(String mount : mMounts){
File root = new File(mount);
if (root.exists() && root.isDirectory() && root.canWrite()) {
File[] list = root.listFiles();
String hash = "[";
if(list!=null){
for(File f : list){
hash += f.getName().hashCode()+":"+f.length()+", ";
}
}
hash += "]";
if(!mountHash.contains(hash)){
String key = SD_CARD + "_" + map.size();
if (map.size() == 0) {
key = SD_CARD;
} else if (map.size() == 1) {
key = EXTERNAL_SD_CARD;
}
mountHash.add(hash);
map.put(key, root);
}
}
}
mMounts.clear();
if(map.isEmpty()){
map.put(SD_CARD, Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory());
}
return map;
}
}
用法:
Map<String, File> externalLocations = ExternalStorage.getAllStorageLocations();
File sdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.SD_CARD);
File externalSdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.EXTERNAL_SD_CARD);
我有一个使用了 ListPreference
要求用户选择他们想要保存内容的位置的位置。
在该应用程序,我扫描/proc/mounts
并/system/etc/vold.fstab
为SD卡安装点。我将每个文件的挂载点存储在两个单独的文件中ArrayList
s中。
然后,我将一个列表与另一个列表进行了比较,并丢弃了两个列表中都不存在的项目。这给了我每个sdcard的根路径列表。
从那里,我测试了路径File.exists()
,File.isDirectory()
和File.canWrite()
。如果这些测试中有任何一个为假,我将从列表中删除该路径。
无论列表中剩下什么,我都会转换为String[]
数组,以便供ListPreference
values属性。
您可以在此处查看代码:http : //sapienmobile.com/?p=204
您可以尝试使用称为ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs()的支持库函数:
final File[] appsDir=ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(getActivity(),null);
final ArrayList<File> extRootPaths=new ArrayList<>();
for(final File file : appsDir)
extRootPaths.add(file.getParentFile().getParentFile().getParentFile().getParentFile());
第一个是主要的外部存储,其余的应该是真实的SD卡路径。
多个“ .getParentFile()”的原因是要转到另一个文件夹,因为原始路径是
.../Android/data/YOUR_APP_PACKAGE_NAME/files/
编辑:这是我创建的一种更全面的方法,用于获取sd卡路径:
/**
* returns a list of all available sd cards paths, or null if not found.
*
* @param includePrimaryExternalStorage set to true if you wish to also include the path of the primary external storage
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static List<String> getSdCardPaths(final Context context, final boolean includePrimaryExternalStorage)
{
final File[] externalCacheDirs=ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context);
if(externalCacheDirs==null||externalCacheDirs.length==0)
return null;
if(externalCacheDirs.length==1)
{
if(externalCacheDirs[0]==null)
return null;
final String storageState=EnvironmentCompat.getStorageState(externalCacheDirs[0]);
if(!Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(storageState))
return null;
if(!includePrimaryExternalStorage&&VERSION.SDK_INT>=VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB&&Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated())
return null;
}
final List<String> result=new ArrayList<>();
if(includePrimaryExternalStorage||externalCacheDirs.length==1)
result.add(getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(externalCacheDirs[0]));
for(int i=1;i<externalCacheDirs.length;++i)
{
final File file=externalCacheDirs[i];
if(file==null)
continue;
final String storageState=EnvironmentCompat.getStorageState(file);
if(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(storageState))
result.add(getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(externalCacheDirs[i]));
}
if(result.isEmpty())
return null;
return result;
}
/** Given any file/folder inside an sd card, this will return the path of the sd card */
private static String getRootOfInnerSdCardFolder(File file)
{
if(file==null)
return null;
final long totalSpace=file.getTotalSpace();
while(true)
{
final File parentFile=file.getParentFile();
if(parentFile==null||parentFile.getTotalSpace()!=totalSpace||!parentFile.canRead())
return file.getAbsolutePath();
file=parentFile;
}
}
App
,ContextCompact
,EnvironmentCompact
为了检索所有外部存储(无论是SD卡还是内部不可移动存储),可以使用以下代码:
final String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if ( Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state) ) { // we can read the External Storage...
//Retrieve the primary External Storage:
final File primaryExternalStorage = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
//Retrieve the External Storages root directory:
final String externalStorageRootDir;
if ( (externalStorageRootDir = primaryExternalStorage.getParent()) == null ) { // no parent...
Log.d(TAG, "External Storage: " + primaryExternalStorage + "\n");
}
else {
final File externalStorageRoot = new File( externalStorageRootDir );
final File[] files = externalStorageRoot.listFiles();
for ( final File file : files ) {
if ( file.isDirectory() && file.canRead() && (file.listFiles().length > 0) ) { // it is a real directory (not a USB drive)...
Log.d(TAG, "External Storage: " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n");
}
}
}
}
或者,您可以使用System.getenv(“ EXTERNAL_STORAGE”)检索主外部存储目录(例如“ / storage / sdcard0”)和System.getenv(“ SECONDARY_STORAGE”)来检索所有辅助目录的列表(例如“ / storage / extSdCard:/ storage / UsbDriveA:/ storage / UsbDriveB“)。请记住,同样在这种情况下,您可能希望过滤辅助目录列表以排除USB驱动器。
无论如何,请注意,使用硬编码路径始终是一种不好的方法(尤其是当每个制造商都可以根据需要更改时)。
System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE")
也可以使用一些参考,因为它似乎没有记录。
/mnt
里面还会有其他各种fs树,而不仅仅是SD卡和USB驱动器。如果我理解正确的话,您的代码还会列出所有内部(甚至虚拟的)文件系统挂载,而问题只需要 sdcards即可。
像Richard一样,我也使用/ proc / mounts文件来获取可用存储选项的列表
public class StorageUtils {
private static final String TAG = "StorageUtils";
public static class StorageInfo {
public final String path;
public final boolean internal;
public final boolean readonly;
public final int display_number;
StorageInfo(String path, boolean internal, boolean readonly, int display_number) {
this.path = path;
this.internal = internal;
this.readonly = readonly;
this.display_number = display_number;
}
public String getDisplayName() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
if (internal) {
res.append("Internal SD card");
} else if (display_number > 1) {
res.append("SD card " + display_number);
} else {
res.append("SD card");
}
if (readonly) {
res.append(" (Read only)");
}
return res.toString();
}
}
public static List<StorageInfo> getStorageList() {
List<StorageInfo> list = new ArrayList<StorageInfo>();
String def_path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath();
boolean def_path_internal = !Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable();
String def_path_state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
boolean def_path_available = def_path_state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)
|| def_path_state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY);
boolean def_path_readonly = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY);
BufferedReader buf_reader = null;
try {
HashSet<String> paths = new HashSet<String>();
buf_reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/proc/mounts"));
String line;
int cur_display_number = 1;
Log.d(TAG, "/proc/mounts");
while ((line = buf_reader.readLine()) != null) {
Log.d(TAG, line);
if (line.contains("vfat") || line.contains("/mnt")) {
StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(line, " ");
String unused = tokens.nextToken(); //device
String mount_point = tokens.nextToken(); //mount point
if (paths.contains(mount_point)) {
continue;
}
unused = tokens.nextToken(); //file system
List<String> flags = Arrays.asList(tokens.nextToken().split(",")); //flags
boolean readonly = flags.contains("ro");
if (mount_point.equals(def_path)) {
paths.add(def_path);
list.add(0, new StorageInfo(def_path, def_path_internal, readonly, -1));
} else if (line.contains("/dev/block/vold")) {
if (!line.contains("/mnt/secure")
&& !line.contains("/mnt/asec")
&& !line.contains("/mnt/obb")
&& !line.contains("/dev/mapper")
&& !line.contains("tmpfs")) {
paths.add(mount_point);
list.add(new StorageInfo(mount_point, false, readonly, cur_display_number++));
}
}
}
}
if (!paths.contains(def_path) && def_path_available) {
list.add(0, new StorageInfo(def_path, def_path_internal, def_path_readonly, -1));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (buf_reader != null) {
try {
buf_reader.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {}
}
}
return list;
}
}
printStackTrace
?什么时候有android.util.Log.e
?
通过读取/proc/mounts
(标准Linux文件)并对照vold数据(/system/etc/vold.conf
)进行交叉检查,可以找到其他SD卡的安装位置。请注意,返回的位置Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
可能不会出现在vold配置中(在某些设备中,它是无法卸载的内部存储器),但仍必须包含在列表中。但是,我们找不到向用户描述它们的好方法。
mount
比读取/proc
文件系统更兼容。问题是SD卡没有必要格式化为FAT。另外,卡的安装点可能因ROM而异。另外,可能还有其他几个VFAT分区...
mount
可执行文件更可移植,尤其是不鼓励启动可执行文件。
这次,我将尝试该主题内的所有解决方案。但是,它们都不能在带有一张外部(可移动)和一张内部(不可移动)卡的设备上正常工作。无法从'mount'命令,'proc / mounts'文件等获取外部卡的路径。
我创建自己的解决方案(在Paulo Luan的基础上):
String sSDpath = null;
File fileCur = null;
for( String sPathCur : Arrays.asList( "ext_card", "external_sd", "ext_sd", "external", "extSdCard", "externalSdCard")) // external sdcard
{
fileCur = new File( "/mnt/", sPathCur);
if( fileCur.isDirectory() && fileCur.canWrite())
{
sSDpath = fileCur.getAbsolutePath();
break;
}
}
fileCur = null;
if( sSDpath == null) sSDpath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
如果您查看源代码,android.os.Environment
将会看到Android严重依赖于环境变量作为路径。您可以使用“ SECONDARY_STORAGE”环境变量来找到可移动sd卡的路径。
/**
* Get a file using an environmental variable.
*
* @param variableName
* The Environment variable name.
* @param paths
* Any paths to the file if the Environment variable was not found.
* @return the File or {@code null} if the File could not be located.
*/
private static File getDirectory(String variableName, String... paths) {
String path = System.getenv(variableName);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
if (path.contains(":")) {
for (String _path : path.split(":")) {
File file = new File(_path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
} else {
File file = new File(path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
}
if (paths != null && paths.length > 0) {
for (String _path : paths) {
File file = new File(_path);
if (file.exists()) {
return file;
}
}
}
return null;
}
用法示例:
public static final File REMOVABLE_STORAGE = getDirectory("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
只需使用以下命令:
String primary_sd = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
if(primary_sd != null)
Log.i("EXTERNAL_STORAGE", primary_sd);
String secondary_sd = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if(secondary_sd != null)
Log.i("SECONDARY_STORAGE", secondary_sd)
SECONDARY_STORAGE
有多个路径用冒号(“:”)分隔。这就是为什么我拆分字符串的原因(请参见上面的答案)。
有通用的方法来查找外部SD卡的位置吗?
通过普遍的方式,如果你的意思是官方的方法; 是的,有一个。
在API级别19中,即在Android 4.4版Kitkat中,他们添加File[] getExternalFilesDirs (String type)
了Context
Class中允许应用程序将数据/文件存储在micro SD卡中的类。
Android 4.4是该平台的第一个版本,实际上已允许应用程序使用SD卡进行存储。在API级别19之前,对SD卡的任何访问都是通过不支持的私有API进行的。
getExternalFilesDirs(String type)返回所有共享/外部存储设备上应用程序特定目录的绝对路径。这意味着它将返回到内部和外部存储器的路径。通常,第二条返回路径将是microSD卡(如果有)的存储路径。
但请注意,
共享存储可能并不总是可用,因为用户可以弹出可移动媒体。可以使用检查媒体状态
getExternalStorageState(File)
。这些文件没有强制实施安全性。例如,任何持有的应用程序
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
都可以写入这些文件。
根据Google / Android官方文档的内部和外部存储术语与我们所认为的完全不同。
getExternalFilesDirs()
通常会返回不可移动的SD卡,因此不能,这不是查找可移动SD卡位置的通用方法。
这是我用来查找外部卡的方法。使用mount cmd return然后解析vfat部分。
String s = "";
try {
Process process = new ProcessBuilder().command("mount")
.redirectErrorStream(true).start();
process.waitFor();
InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while (is.read(buffer) != -1) {
s = s + new String(buffer);
}
is.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//用行分隔mount列表
String[] lines = s.split("\n");
for(int i=0; i<lines.length; i++) {
//如果行内有挂载路径且为vfat类型,说明可能是内置或者外置sd的挂载点
if(-1 != lines[i].indexOf(path[0]) && -1 != lines[i].indexOf("vfat")) {
//再用空格分隔
String[] blocks = lines[i].split("\\s");
for(int j=0; j<blocks.length; j++) {
//判断是否是挂载为vfat类型
if(-1 != blocks[j].indexOf(path[0])) {
//Test if it is the external sd card.
}
}
}
}
该解决方案处理了以下事实: System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE")
棉花糖没有用。
经过测试并致力于:
三星Galaxy Tab A(Android 6.0.1-股票)
/**
* Returns all available external SD-Card roots in the system.
*
* @return paths to all available external SD-Card roots in the system.
*/
public static String[] getStorageDirectories() {
String [] storageDirectories;
String rawSecondaryStoragesStr = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
List<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
File[] externalDirs = applicationContext.getExternalFilesDirs(null);
for (File file : externalDirs) {
String path = file.getPath().split("/Android")[0];
if((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP && Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable(file))
|| rawSecondaryStoragesStr != null && rawSecondaryStoragesStr.contains(path)){
results.add(path);
}
}
storageDirectories = results.toArray(new String[0]);
}else{
final Set<String> rv = new HashSet<String>();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rawSecondaryStoragesStr)) {
final String[] rawSecondaryStorages = rawSecondaryStoragesStr.split(File.pathSeparator);
Collections.addAll(rv, rawSecondaryStorages);
}
storageDirectories = rv.toArray(new String[rv.size()]);
}
return storageDirectories;
}
自从以上给出我最初的回答以来,扫描伏特在各个制造商中都不再可行。
我开发了一种更可靠,更直接的方法。
File mnt = new File("/storage");
if (!mnt.exists())
mnt = new File("/mnt");
File[] roots = mnt.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
@Override
public boolean accept(File pathname) {
return pathname.isDirectory() && pathname.exists()
&& pathname.canWrite() && !pathname.isHidden()
&& !isSymlink(pathname);
}
});
根目录将包含系统上所有可写的根目录,包括任何与USB连接的USB设备。
注意:canWrite方法需要android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限。
/external_sd
是外部microSD卡;一些LG的,它的/_ExternalSD
; 在某些设备上是/sdcard
。也许后者是/storage/sdcard0
或与之类似的符号链接,但是这些其他元素是否真的会被/storage/*
和可靠地覆盖/mount/*
?
pathname.canWrite()
并要求WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限?为什么不打电话pathname.canRead()
呢?
太晚了,但最后我得到了一些我测试过的大多数设备(按制造商和android版本)的信息,它在Android 2.2+上可以正常工作。如果发现它不起作用,请用您的设备名称对其进行注释。我会修好它。如果有人感兴趣,我会解释它是如何工作的。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* @author ajeet
*05-Dec-2014 2014
*
*/
public class StorageUtil {
public boolean isRemovebleSDCardMounted() {
File file = new File("/sys/class/block/");
File[] files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter("mmcblk\\d$"));
boolean flag = false;
for (File mmcfile : files) {
File scrfile = new File(mmcfile, "device/scr");
if (scrfile.exists()) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}
public String getRemovebleSDCardPath() throws IOException {
String sdpath = null;
File file = new File("/sys/class/block/");
File[] files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter("mmcblk\\d$"));
String sdcardDevfile = null;
for (File mmcfile : files) {
Log.d("SDCARD", mmcfile.getAbsolutePath());
File scrfile = new File(mmcfile, "device/scr");
if (scrfile.exists()) {
sdcardDevfile = mmcfile.getName();
Log.d("SDCARD", mmcfile.getName());
break;
}
}
if (sdcardDevfile == null) {
return null;
}
FileInputStream is;
BufferedReader reader;
files = file.listFiles(new MmcblkFilter(sdcardDevfile + "p\\d+"));
String deviceName = null;
if (files.length > 0) {
Log.d("SDCARD", files[0].getAbsolutePath());
File devfile = new File(files[0], "dev");
if (devfile.exists()) {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(devfile);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String line = reader.readLine();
deviceName = line;
}
Log.d("SDCARD", "" + deviceName);
if (deviceName == null) {
return null;
}
Log.d("SDCARD", deviceName);
final File mountFile = new File("/proc/self/mountinfo");
if (mountFile.exists()) {
is = new FileInputStream(mountFile);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// Log.d("SDCARD", line);
// line = reader.readLine();
// Log.d("SDCARD", line);
String[] mPonts = line.split("\\s+");
if (mPonts.length > 6) {
if (mPonts[2].trim().equalsIgnoreCase(deviceName)) {
if (mPonts[4].contains(".android_secure")
|| mPonts[4].contains("asec")) {
continue;
}
sdpath = mPonts[4];
Log.d("SDCARD", mPonts[4]);
}
}
}
}
}
return sdpath;
}
static class MmcblkFilter implements FilenameFilter {
private String pattern;
public MmcblkFilter(String pattern) {
this.pattern = pattern;
}
@Override
public boolean accept(File dir, String filename) {
if (filename.matches(pattern)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
通过编写以下代码,您将获得位置:
/ storage / 663D-554E / Android / data / app_package_name / files /
它将您的应用程序数据存储在sd_card内的/ android / data位置。
File[] list = ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(MainActivity.this, null);
list[1]+"/fol"
用于获取位置,将0传递给内部,将1传递给sdcard到文件数组。
我已经在moto g4 plus和Samsung设备上测试了此代码(一切正常)。
希望这会有所帮助。
这是我用来查找可移动 SD卡的方法。它很复杂,在某些情况下可能有些过头,但是我在最近几年测试过的各种Android版本和设备制造商中都可以使用。我不知道任何设备,因为如果安装了API级别15,则在该设备上找不到SD卡。在大多数情况下,它不会返回误报,尤其是当您给它提供要查找的已知文件的名称时。
如果遇到任何无法使用的情况,请告诉我。
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class SDCard {
private static final String TAG = "SDCard";
/** In some scenarios we can expect to find a specified file or folder on SD cards designed
* to work with this app. If so, set KNOWNFILE to that filename. It will make our job easier.
* Set it to null otherwise. */
private static final String KNOWNFILE = null;
/** Common paths for microSD card. **/
private static String[] commonPaths = {
// Some of these taken from
// /programming/13976982/removable-storage-external-sdcard-path-by-manufacturers
// These are roughly in order such that the earlier ones, if they exist, are more sure
// to be removable storage than the later ones.
"/mnt/Removable/MicroSD",
"/storage/removable/sdcard1", // !< Sony Xperia Z1
"/Removable/MicroSD", // Asus ZenPad C
"/removable/microsd",
"/external_sd", // Samsung
"/_ExternalSD", // some LGs
"/storage/extSdCard", // later Samsung
"/storage/extsdcard", // Main filesystem is case-sensitive; FAT isn't.
"/mnt/extsd", // some Chinese tablets, e.g. Zeki
"/storage/sdcard1", // If this exists it's more likely than sdcard0 to be removable.
"/mnt/extSdCard",
"/mnt/sdcard/external_sd",
"/mnt/external_sd",
"/storage/external_SD",
"/storage/ext_sd", // HTC One Max
"/mnt/sdcard/_ExternalSD",
"/mnt/sdcard-ext",
"/sdcard2", // HTC One M8s
"/sdcard1", // Sony Xperia Z
"/mnt/media_rw/sdcard1", // 4.4.2 on CyanogenMod S3
"/mnt/sdcard", // This can be built-in storage (non-removable).
"/sdcard",
"/storage/sdcard0",
"/emmc",
"/mnt/emmc",
"/sdcard/sd",
"/mnt/sdcard/bpemmctest",
"/mnt/external1",
"/data/sdext4",
"/data/sdext3",
"/data/sdext2",
"/data/sdext",
"/storage/microsd" //ASUS ZenFone 2
// If we ever decide to support USB OTG storage, the following paths could be helpful:
// An LG Nexus 5 apparently uses usb://1002/UsbStorage/ as a URI to access an SD
// card over OTG cable. Other models, like Galaxy S5, use /storage/UsbDriveA
// "/mnt/usb_storage",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveA",
// "/mnt/UsbDriveB",
};
/** Find path to removable SD card. */
public static File findSdCardPath(Context context) {
String[] mountFields;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
String lineRead = null;
/** Possible SD card paths */
LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths = new LinkedHashSet<>();
/** Build a list of candidate paths, roughly in order of preference. That way if
* we can't definitively detect removable storage, we at least can pick a more likely
* candidate. */
// Could do: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists and has contents,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// I moved hard-coded paths toward the end, but we need to make sure we put the ones in
// backwards order that are returned by the OS. And make sure the iterators respect
// the order!
// This is because when multiple "external" storage paths are returned, it's always (in
// experience, but not guaranteed by documentation) with internal/emulated storage
// first, removable storage second.
// Add value of environment variables as candidates, if set:
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE, SECONDARY_STORAGE, EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE
// But note they are *not* necessarily *removable* storage! Especially EXTERNAL_STORAGE.
// And they are not documented (API) features. Typically useful only for old versions of Android.
String val = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
// Get listing of mounted devices with their properties.
ArrayList<File> mountedPaths = new ArrayList<>();
try {
// Note: Despite restricting some access to /proc (http://stackoverflow.com/a/38728738/423105),
// Android 7.0 does *not* block access to /proc/mounts, according to our test on George's Alcatel A30 GSM.
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/proc/mounts"));
// Iterate over each line of the mounts listing.
while ((lineRead = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "\nMounts line: " + lineRead);
mountFields = lineRead.split(" ");
// columns: device, mountpoint, fs type, options... Example:
// /dev/block/vold/179:97 /storage/sdcard1 vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0002,dmask=0002,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
String device = mountFields[0], path = mountFields[1], fsType = mountFields[2];
// The device, path, and fs type must conform to expected patterns.
if (!(devicePattern.matcher(device).matches() &&
pathPattern.matcher(path).matches() &&
fsTypePattern.matcher(fsType).matches()) ||
// mtdblock is internal, I'm told.
device.contains("mtdblock") ||
// Check for disqualifying patterns in the path.
pathAntiPattern.matcher(path).matches()) {
// If this mounts line fails our tests, skip it.
continue;
}
// TODO maybe: check options to make sure it's mounted RW?
// The answer at http://stackoverflow.com/a/13648873/423105 does.
// But it hasn't seemed to be necessary so far in my testing.
// This line met the criteria so far, so add it to candidate list.
addPath(path, null, mountedPaths);
}
} catch (IOException ignored) {
} finally {
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
// Append the paths from mount table to candidate list, in reverse order.
if (!mountedPaths.isEmpty()) {
// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/5374346/423105 on why the following is necessary.
// Basically, .toArray() needs its parameter to know what type of array to return.
File[] mountedPathsArray = mountedPaths.toArray(new File[mountedPaths.size()]);
addAncestors(candidatePaths, mountedPathsArray);
}
// Add hard-coded known common paths to candidate list:
addStrings(candidatePaths, commonPaths);
// If the above doesn't work we could try the following other options, but in my experience they
// haven't added anything helpful yet.
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
// This may be non-removable.
Log.d(TAG, "Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory():");
addPath(null, ancestor(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()), candidatePaths);
// Context.getExternalFilesDirs() is only available from API level 19. You can use
// ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() on earlier APIs, but it only returns one dir anyway.
Log.d(TAG, "context.getExternalFilesDir(null):");
addPath(null, ancestor(context.getExternalFilesDir(null)), candidatePaths);
// "Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all external storage
// devices where the application can place persistent files it owns."
// We might be able to use these to deduce a higher-level folder that isn't app-specific.
// Also, we apparently have to call getExternalFilesDir[s](), at least in KITKAT+, in order to ensure that the
// "external files" directory exists and is available.
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(context, null));
// Very similar results:
Log.d(TAG, "ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context):");
addAncestors(candidatePaths, ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs(context));
// TODO maybe: use getExternalStorageState(File path), with and without an argument, when
// available. With an argument is available since API level 21.
// This may not be necessary, since we also check whether a directory exists,
// which would fail if the external storage state is neither MOUNTED nor MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.
// A "public" external storage directory. But in my experience it doesn't add anything helpful.
// Note that you can't pass null, or you'll get an NPE.
final File publicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
// Take the parent, because we tend to get a path like /pathTo/sdCard/Music.
addPath(null, publicDirectory.getParentFile(), candidatePaths);
// EXTERNAL_STORAGE: may not be removable.
val = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(val)) addPath(val, null, candidatePaths);
if (candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.w(TAG, "No removable microSD card found.");
return null;
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "\nFound potential removable storage locations: " + candidatePaths);
}
// Accept or eliminate candidate paths if we can determine whether they're removable storage.
// In Lollipop and later, we can check isExternalStorageRemovable() status on each candidate.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
Iterator<File> itf = candidatePaths.iterator();
while (itf.hasNext()) {
File dir = itf.next();
// handle illegalArgumentException if the path is not a valid storage device.
try {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable(dir)
// && containsKnownFile(dir)
) {
Log.i(TAG, dir.getPath() + " is removable external storage");
return dir;
} else if (Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated(dir)) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + dir);
itf.remove();
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "isRemovable(" + dir.getPath() + "): not a valid storage device.", e);
}
}
}
// Continue trying to accept or eliminate candidate paths based on whether they're removable storage.
// On pre-Lollipop, we only have singular externalStorage. Check whether it's removable.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
File externalStorage = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSDCardPath: getExternalStorageDirectory = %s", externalStorage.getPath()));
if (Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable()) {
// Make sure this is a candidate.
// TODO: Does this contains() work? Should we be canonicalizing paths before comparing?
if (candidatePaths.contains(externalStorage)
// && containsKnownFile(externalStorage)
) {
Log.d(TAG, "Using externalStorage dir " + externalStorage);
return externalStorage;
}
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11 && Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated()) {
Log.d(TAG, "Removing emulated external storage dir " + externalStorage);
candidatePaths.remove(externalStorage);
}
}
// If any directory contains our special test file, consider that the microSD card.
if (KNOWNFILE != null) {
for (File dir : candidatePaths) {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "findSdCardPath: Looking for known file in candidate path, %s", dir));
if (containsKnownFile(dir)) return dir;
}
}
// If we don't find the known file, still try taking the first candidate.
if (!candidatePaths.isEmpty()) {
Log.d(TAG, "No definitive path to SD card; taking the first realistic candidate.");
return candidatePaths.iterator().next();
}
// If no reasonable path was found, give up.
return null;
}
/** Add each path to the collection. */
private static void addStrings(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, String[] newPaths) {
for (String path : newPaths) {
addPath(path, null, candidatePaths);
}
}
/** Add ancestor of each File to the collection. */
private static void addAncestors(LinkedHashSet<File> candidatePaths, File[] files) {
for (int i = files.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
addPath(null, ancestor(files[i]), candidatePaths);
}
}
/**
* Add a new candidate directory path to our list, if it's not obviously wrong.
* Supply path as either String or File object.
* @param strNew path of directory to add (or null)
* @param fileNew directory to add (or null)
*/
private static void addPath(String strNew, File fileNew, Collection<File> paths) {
// If one of the arguments is null, fill it in from the other.
if (strNew == null) {
if (fileNew == null) return;
strNew = fileNew.getPath();
} else if (fileNew == null) {
fileNew = new File(strNew);
}
if (!paths.contains(fileNew) &&
// Check for paths known not to be removable SD card.
// The antipattern check can be redundant, depending on where this is called from.
!pathAntiPattern.matcher(strNew).matches()) {
// Eliminate candidate if not a directory or not fully accessible.
if (fileNew.exists() && fileNew.isDirectory() && fileNew.canExecute()) {
Log.d(TAG, " Adding candidate path " + strNew);
paths.add(fileNew);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, String.format(Locale.ROOT, " Invalid path %s: exists: %b isDir: %b canExec: %b canRead: %b",
strNew, fileNew.exists(), fileNew.isDirectory(), fileNew.canExecute(), fileNew.canRead()));
}
}
}
private static final String ANDROID_DIR = File.separator + "Android";
private static File ancestor(File dir) {
// getExternalFilesDir() and getExternalStorageDirectory() typically something app-specific like
// /storage/sdcard1/Android/data/com.mybackuparchives.android/files
// so we want the great-great-grandparent folder.
if (dir == null) {
return null;
} else {
String path = dir.getAbsolutePath();
int i = path.indexOf(ANDROID_DIR);
if (i == -1) {
return dir;
} else {
return new File(path.substring(0, i));
}
}
}
/** Returns true iff dir contains the special test file.
* Assumes that dir exists and is a directory. (Is this a necessary assumption?) */
private static boolean containsKnownFile(File dir) {
if (KNOWNFILE == null) return false;
File knownFile = new File(dir, KNOWNFILE);
return knownFile.exists();
}
private static Pattern
/** Pattern that SD card device should match */
devicePattern = Pattern.compile("/dev/(block/.*vold.*|fuse)|/mnt/.*"),
/** Pattern that SD card mount path should match */
pathPattern = Pattern.compile("/(mnt|storage|external_sd|extsd|_ExternalSD|Removable|.*MicroSD).*",
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
/** Pattern that the mount path should not match.
* 'emulated' indicates an internal storage location, so skip it.
* 'asec' is an encrypted package file, decrypted and mounted as a directory. */
pathAntiPattern = Pattern.compile(".*(/secure|/asec|/emulated).*"),
/** These are expected fs types, including vfat. tmpfs is not OK.
* fuse can be removable SD card (as on Moto E or Asus ZenPad), or can be internal (Huawei G610). */
fsTypePattern = Pattern.compile(".*(fat|msdos|ntfs|ext[34]|fuse|sdcard|esdfs).*");
}
聚苯乙烯
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
了清单。在API级别23或更高版本中,请确保使用checkSelfPermission
/ requestPermissions
。findSdCardPath(),
而不是每次需要时都重新计算它。Log.d()
上面的代码中有一堆日志()。它可以帮助诊断找不到正确路径的任何情况。如果您不想登录,请注释掉。我发现的唯一可行的解决方案是使用反射的解决方案
/**
* Get external sd card path using reflection
* @param mContext
* @param is_removable is external storage removable
* @return
*/
private static String getExternalStoragePath(Context mContext, boolean is_removable) {
StorageManager mStorageManager = (StorageManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
Class<?> storageVolumeClazz = null;
try {
storageVolumeClazz = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume");
Method getVolumeList = mStorageManager.getClass().getMethod("getVolumeList");
Method getPath = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("getPath");
Method isRemovable = storageVolumeClazz.getMethod("isRemovable");
Object result = getVolumeList.invoke(mStorageManager);
final int length = Array.getLength(result);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
Object storageVolumeElement = Array.get(result, i);
String path = (String) getPath.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
boolean removable = (Boolean) isRemovable.invoke(storageVolumeElement);
if (is_removable == removable) {
return path;
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
我不知道为什么,但是在使用它之前,我需要在公共存储目录中创建的文件上调用.createNewFile()。在框架中,对该方法的注释说它没有用。这是一个示例...
String myPath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS) + File.separator + "My Directory"; final File myDir = new File(myPath); try { myDir.mkdirs(); } catch (Exception ex) { Toast.makeText(this, "error: " + ex.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }
String fname = "whatever"; File newFile = new File(myDir, fname); Log.i(TAG, "File exists --> " + newFile.exists()) //will be false try { if (newFile.createNewFile()) { //continue } else { Log.e(TAG, "error creating file"); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); }
我创建了一个utils方法来检查SD卡在设备上是否可用,并获取设备上的SD卡路径(如果有)。
您可以将以下两种方法复制到所需的项目类中。就这样。
public String isRemovableSDCardAvailable() {
final String FLAG = "mnt";
final String SECONDARY_STORAGE = System.getenv("SECONDARY_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO");
final String EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE");
final String EXTERNAL_STORAGE = System.getenv("EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
Map<Integer, String> listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(0, SECONDARY_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(1, EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DOCOMO);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(2, EXTERNAL_SDCARD_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(3, EXTERNAL_SD_STORAGE);
listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.put(4, EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
File externalStorageList[] = null;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
externalStorageList = getContext().getExternalFilesDirs(null);
}
String directory = null;
int size = listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (externalStorageList != null && externalStorageList.length > 1 && externalStorageList[1] != null)
directory = externalStorageList[1].getAbsolutePath();
else
directory = listEnvironmentVariableStoreSDCardRootDirectory.get(i);
directory = canCreateFile(directory);
if (directory != null && directory.length() != 0) {
if (i == size - 1) {
if (directory.contains(FLAG)) {
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "SD Card's directory: " + directory);
return directory;
} else {
return null;
}
}
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "SD Card's directory: " + directory);
return directory;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Check if can create file on given directory. Use this enclose with method
* {@link BeginScreenFragement#isRemovableSDCardAvailable()} to check sd
* card is available on device or not.
*
* @param directory
* @return
*/
public String canCreateFile(String directory) {
final String FILE_DIR = directory + File.separator + "hoang.txt";
File tempFlie = null;
try {
tempFlie = new File(FILE_DIR);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tempFlie);
fos.write(new byte[1024]);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "Can write file on this directory: " + FILE_DIR);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "Write file error: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
} finally {
if (tempFlie != null && tempFlie.exists() && tempFlie.isFile()) {
// tempFlie.delete();
tempFlie = null;
}
}
return directory;
}
它适用于所有外部设备,但是请确保仅获取外部设备文件夹名称,然后需要使用File类从给定位置获取文件。
public static List<String> getExternalMounts() {
final List<String> out = new ArrayList<>();
String reg = "(?i).*vold.*(vfat|ntfs|exfat|fat32|ext3|ext4).*rw.*";
String s = "";
try {
final Process process = new ProcessBuilder().command("mount")
.redirectErrorStream(true).start();
process.waitFor();
final InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while (is.read(buffer) != -1) {
s = s + new String(buffer);
}
is.close();
} catch (final Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// parse output
final String[] lines = s.split("\n");
for (String line : lines) {
if (!line.toLowerCase(Locale.US).contains("asec")) {
if (line.matches(reg)) {
String[] parts = line.split(" ");
for (String part : parts) {
if (part.startsWith("/"))
if (!part.toLowerCase(Locale.US).contains("vold"))
out.add(part);
}
}
}
}
return out;
}
致电:
List<String> list=getExternalMounts();
if(list.size()>0)
{
String[] arr=list.get(0).split("/");
int size=0;
if(arr!=null && arr.length>0) {
size= arr.length - 1;
}
File parentDir=new File("/storage/"+arr[size]);
if(parentDir.listFiles()!=null){
File parent[] = parentDir.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < parent.length; i++) {
// get file path as parent[i].getAbsolutePath());
}
}
}
访问外部存储
为了在外部存储上读取或写入文件,您的应用必须获得READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE或WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE系统权限。例如:
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
...
</manifest>
/ sdcard =>内部存储(这是一个符号链接,但应该可以使用)
/ mnt / extSdCard =>外部Sdcard
这是为三星Galaxy S3
您可能可以相信大多数情况都是如此...但是仔细检查!
/sdcard
是一个符号链接到外部对我的索尼2305