如何使用Python漂亮地打印ASCII表?[关闭]


80

我正在寻找一种漂亮地打印表格的方法,如下所示:

=======================
| column 1 | column 2 |
=======================
| value1   | value2   |
| value3   | value4   |
=======================

我找到了可访问的库,但是它没有边界等。我不需要数据项的任何复杂格式,它们只是字符串。我确实需要它来自动调整列大小。

是否存在其他库或方法,或者我需要花几分钟编写自己的库或方法吗?


为什么不使用docutils为您做到这一点?
S.Lott

你叫什么桌子?表格中的数据如何组织?value1,value2,value3,value4 ...是列表中的连续值吗?我认为fomat()足以获得如此简单的显示,无需长时间学习一个教程,该教程解释了如何使用库来获取时间
eyquem 2011年

2
@korona:不,我没有提出建议。我在问一个问题。我不知道@kdt知道还是不知道什么。我没有去假设,而是不得不问。
S.Lott,

5
在我看来,您实际上是在假设他了解docutils。也许他没有?
2011年

2
@ S.Lott我看过docutils,虽然它很适合将文本转换为html,latex等,但是我看不到一种生成漂亮的文本表的方法,该文本表的行排列并看起来很漂亮定宽字体。您是否误解了ktt的目标,还是我错过了什么?
nealmcb 2012年

Answers:


67

我很久以前就读过这个问题,并完成了自己的表格漂亮打印机:tabulate

我的用例是:

  • 我大部分时间都想要单线
  • 足够聪明,可以为我找到最佳格式
  • 并可以输出不同的纯文本格式

在您的示例中,grid可能是最相似的输出格式:

from tabulate import tabulate
print tabulate([["value1", "value2"], ["value3", "value4"]], ["column 1", "column 2"], tablefmt="grid")
+------------+------------+
| column 1   | column 2   |
+============+============+
| value1     | value2     |
+------------+------------+
| value3     | value4     |
+------------+------------+

其他受支持的格式是plain(无行),simple(Pandoc简单表),pipe(例如PHP Markdown Extra中的orgtbl表),(例如Emacs的org-mode中的rst表),(例如reStructuredText中的简单表)。grid并且orgtbl可以在Emacs中轻松地进行编辑。

在性能方面,tabulate比慢一些asciitable,但比PrettyTable和快得多texttable

PS我也非常喜欢用十进制列对齐数字。因此,这是数字的默认对齐方式(如果有)(可覆盖)。


2
我刚好需要一个制表解决方案,很幸运能找到您的图书馆!就像魅力一样:D万一您在听,只想说声谢谢:)
Deepak

1
是的,我在听。谢谢你的客气话。得到积极的反馈真的很好。
萨斯坦宁

嗨,@sastanin首先,非常感谢您提供了一个如此出色的库。我可以知道是否可以打印表格以覆盖终端的整个宽度?
Validus Oculus

你好,萨斯坦宁,只想在这里说几句话,谢谢你使用这个非常方便的包装。就像魅力一样,为我省去了编写自己的麻烦。非常感谢分享 !
Valentin B.

您的功能列表是轻描淡写的。尝试过ansi逃脱的东西,效果完美。谢谢你!
红色药丸

37

这是我编写的一个快速而肮脏的小函数,用于显示只能通过SOAP API进行的SQL查询的结果。它期望输入一个或多个序列namedtuples作为表行。如果只有一条记录,它将以不同的方式打印出来。

这对我来说很方便,可能是您的起点:

def pprinttable(rows):
  if len(rows) > 1:
    headers = rows[0]._fields
    lens = []
    for i in range(len(rows[0])):
      lens.append(len(max([x[i] for x in rows] + [headers[i]],key=lambda x:len(str(x)))))
    formats = []
    hformats = []
    for i in range(len(rows[0])):
      if isinstance(rows[0][i], int):
        formats.append("%%%dd" % lens[i])
      else:
        formats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i])
      hformats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i])
    pattern = " | ".join(formats)
    hpattern = " | ".join(hformats)
    separator = "-+-".join(['-' * n for n in lens])
    print hpattern % tuple(headers)
    print separator
    _u = lambda t: t.decode('UTF-8', 'replace') if isinstance(t, str) else t
    for line in rows:
        print pattern % tuple(_u(t) for t in line)
  elif len(rows) == 1:
    row = rows[0]
    hwidth = len(max(row._fields,key=lambda x: len(x)))
    for i in range(len(row)):
      print "%*s = %s" % (hwidth,row._fields[i],row[i])

样本输出:

pkid | fkn | pi
------------------------------------- + ------------ -------------------------- + ----
405fd665-0a2f-4f69-7320-be01201752ec | 8c9949b9-552e-e448-64e2-74292834c73e | 0
5b517507-2a42-ad2e-98dc-8c9ac6152afa | f972bee7-f5a4-8532-c4e5-2e82897b10f6 | 0
2f960dfc-b67a-26be-d1b3-9b105535e0a8 | ec3e1058-8840-c9f2-3b25-2488f8b3a8af | 1个
c71b28a3-5299-7f4d-f27a-7ad8aeadafe0 | 72d25703-4735-310b-2e06-ff76af1e45ed | 0
3b0a5021-a52b-9ba0-1439-d5aafcf348e7 | d81bb78a-d984-e957-034d-87434acb4e97 | 1个
96c36bb7-c4f4-2787-ada8-4aadc17d1123 | c171fe85-33e2-6481-0791-2922267e8777 | 1个
95d0f85f-71da-bb9a-2d80-fe27f7c02fe2 | 226f964c-028d-d6de-bf6c-688d2908c5ae | 1个
132aa774-42e5-3d3f-498b-50b44a89d401 | 44e31f89-d089-8afc-f4b1-ada051c01474 | 1个
ff91641a-5802-be02-bece-79bca993fdbc | 33d8294a-053d-6ab4-94d4-890b47fcf70d | 1个
f3196e15-5b61-e92d-e717-f00ed93fe8ae | 62fa4566-5ca2-4a36-f872-4d00f7abadcf | 1个

>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Row = namedtuple('Row',['first','second','third'])
>>> data = Row(1,2,3)
>>> data
Row(first=1, second=2, third=3)
>>> pprinttable([data])
 first = 1
second = 2
 third = 3
>>> pprinttable([data,data])
first | second | third
------+--------+------
    1 |      2 |     3
    1 |      2 |     3

@MattH可以举例说明此功能的用法吗?
theAlse

1
@MattH谢谢,但是似乎有很多人立即崩溃了。TypeError:“ int”类型的对象没有len()。
theAlse

@Alborz:我将此内容发布为其他人的起点,如果需要,可以自定义它以处理您的数据类型。尽管取决于错误发生在哪一行,您可能并未按预期方式调用该函数
MattH 2012年

1
@theAlse我通过len(str(max(...)))在lens.append行中修复了您发现的错误。所以现在,如果列中的数字比列标题宽,那么我们还是不错的。顺便说一句,MattH-可爱地使用max()的“ key”参数!
nealmcb 2012年

18

由于某种原因,当我在Google搜索中包含“ docutils”时,偶然发现了texttable,这似乎是我想要的。


2
好东西。缺乏自动列宽检测功能;使用:pastebin.com/SAsPJUxM
Kos

12

我也为此写了自己的解决方案。我试图保持简单。

https://github.com/Robpol86/terminaltables

from terminaltables import AsciiTable
table_data = [
    ['Heading1', 'Heading2'],
    ['row1 column1', 'row1 column2'],
    ['row2 column1', 'row2 column2']
]
table = AsciiTable(table_data)
print table.table
+--------------+--------------+
| Heading1     | Heading2     |
+--------------+--------------+
| row1 column1 | row1 column2 |
| row2 column1 | row2 column2 |
+--------------+--------------+

table.inner_heading_row_border = False
print table.table
+--------------+--------------+
| Heading1     | Heading2     |
| row1 column1 | row1 column2 |
| row2 column1 | row2 column2 |
+--------------+--------------+

table.inner_row_border = True
table.justify_columns[1] = 'right'
table.table_data[1][1] += '\nnewline'
print table.table
+--------------+--------------+
| Heading1     |     Heading2 |
+--------------+--------------+
| row1 column1 | row1 column2 |
|              |      newline |
+--------------+--------------+
| row2 column1 | row2 column2 |
+--------------+--------------+

9

我刚刚为此发布了术语表。例如这个

import termtables as tt

tt.print(
    [[1, 2, 3], [613.23236243236, 613.23236243236, 613.23236243236]],
    header=["a", "bb", "ccc"],
    style=tt.styles.ascii_thin_double,
    padding=(0, 1),
    alignment="lcr"
)

让你

+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| a               |       bb        |             ccc |
+=================+=================+=================+
| 1               |        2        |               3 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 613.23236243236 | 613.23236243236 | 613.23236243236 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

默认情况下,该表使用Unicode框绘图字符呈现,

┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┐
│ a               │       bb        │             ccc │
╞═════════════════╪═════════════════╪═════════════════╡
│ 123 │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ 613.23236243236613.23236243236613.23236243236 │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┘

术语表是非常可配置的;查看测试以获取更多示例。


我希望您可以设置要显示的最大列,并让库处理包装逻辑。
姜敏Yo

7

您可以尝试BeautifulTable。它可以完成您想做的事情。这是文档中的一个例子

>>> from beautifultable import BeautifulTable
>>> table = BeautifulTable()
>>> table.column_headers = ["name", "rank", "gender"]
>>> table.append_row(["Jacob", 1, "boy"])
>>> table.append_row(["Isabella", 1, "girl"])
>>> table.append_row(["Ethan", 2, "boy"])
>>> table.append_row(["Sophia", 2, "girl"])
>>> table.append_row(["Michael", 3, "boy"])
>>> print(table)
+----------+------+--------+
|   name   | rank | gender |
+----------+------+--------+
|  Jacob   |  1   |  boy   |
+----------+------+--------+
| Isabella |  1   |  girl  |
+----------+------+--------+
|  Ethan   |  2   |  boy   |
+----------+------+--------+
|  Sophia  |  2   |  girl  |
+----------+------+--------+
| Michael  |  3   |  boy   |
+----------+------+--------+

6

设计用于处理MattH版本的类型的使用w3m的版本接受:

import subprocess
import tempfile
import html
def pprinttable(rows):
    esc = lambda x: html.escape(str(x))
    sour = "<table border=1>"
    if len(rows) == 1:
        for i in range(len(rows[0]._fields)):
            sour += "<tr><th>%s<td>%s" % (esc(rows[0]._fields[i]), esc(rows[0][i]))
    else:
        sour += "<tr>" + "".join(["<th>%s" % esc(x) for x in rows[0]._fields])
        sour += "".join(["<tr>%s" % "".join(["<td>%s" % esc(y) for y in x]) for x in rows])
    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".html") as f:
        f.write(sour.encode("utf-8"))
        f.flush()
        print(
            subprocess
            .Popen(["w3m","-dump",f.name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            .communicate()[0].decode("utf-8").strip()
        )

from collections import namedtuple
Row = namedtuple('Row',['first','second','third'])
data1 = Row(1,2,3)
data2 = Row(4,5,6)
pprinttable([data1])
pprinttable([data1,data2])

结果是:

┌───────┬─┐
│ first │1│
├───────┼─┤
│second │2│
├───────┼─┤
│ third │3│
└───────┴─┘
┌─────┬───────┬─────┐
│first│second │third│
├─────┼───────┼─────┤
│123    │
├─────┼───────┼─────┤
│456    │
└─────┴───────┴─────┘

5

如果您想要一个具有列和行跨度的表,请尝试我的库dashtable

from dashtable import data2rst

table = [
        ["Header 1", "Header 2", "Header3", "Header 4"],
        ["row 1", "column 2", "column 3", "column 4"],
        ["row 2", "Cells span columns.", "", ""],
        ["row 3", "Cells\nspan rows.", "- Cells\n- contain\n- blocks", ""],
        ["row 4", "", "", ""]
    ]

# [Row, Column] pairs of merged cells
span0 = ([2, 1], [2, 2], [2, 3])
span1 = ([3, 1], [4, 1])
span2 = ([3, 3], [3, 2], [4, 2], [4, 3])

my_spans = [span0, span1, span2]

print(data2rst(table, spans=my_spans, use_headers=True))

哪个输出:

+----------+------------+----------+----------+
| Header 1 | Header 2   | Header3  | Header 4 |
+==========+============+==========+==========+
| row 1    | column 2   | column 3 | column 4 |
+----------+------------+----------+----------+
| row 2    | Cells span columns.              |
+----------+----------------------------------+
| row 3    | Cells      | - Cells             |
+----------+ span rows. | - contain           |
| row 4    |            | - blocks            |
+----------+------------+---------------------+

ERROR: Spans must be a list of lists
cz


2

我使用这个小实用程序功能。

def get_pretty_table(iterable, header):
    max_len = [len(x) for x in header]
    for row in iterable:
        row = [row] if type(row) not in (list, tuple) else row
        for index, col in enumerate(row):
            if max_len[index] < len(str(col)):
                max_len[index] = len(str(col))
    output = '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n'
    output += '|' + ''.join([h + ' ' * (l - len(h)) + '|' for h, l in zip(header, max_len)]) + '\n'
    output += '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n'
    for row in iterable:
        row = [row] if type(row) not in (list, tuple) else row
        output += '|' + ''.join([str(c) + ' ' * (l - len(str(c))) + '|' for c, l in zip(row, max_len)]) + '\n'
    output += '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n'
    return output

print get_pretty_table([[1, 2], [3, 4]], ['header 1', 'header 2'])

输出

-----------------
|header 1|header 2|
-----------------
|1       |2       |
|3       |4       |
-----------------

您要output += '|' + ''.join([h + ' ' * (l - len(h)) + '|' for h, l in zip(header, max_len)]) + '\n' 在分隔符行中的每列之间添加一个空格,但不要在分隔符行中添加一个空格 。可以-使用简单的方法扩展s 行output = '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1 + len(header)) + '\n'
ochawkeye

1

这是我的解决方案:

def make_table(columns, data):
    """Create an ASCII table and return it as a string.

    Pass a list of strings to use as columns in the table and a list of
    dicts. The strings in 'columns' will be used as the keys to the dicts in
    'data.'

    Not all column values have to be present in each data dict.

    >>> print(make_table(["a", "b"], [{"a": "1", "b": "test"}]))
    | a | b    |
    |----------|
    | 1 | test |
    """
    # Calculate how wide each cell needs to be
    cell_widths = {}
    for c in columns:
        values = [str(d.get(c, "")) for d in data]
        cell_widths[c] = len(max(values + [c]))

    # Used for formatting rows of data
    row_template = "|" + " {} |" * len(columns)

    # CONSTRUCT THE TABLE

    # The top row with the column titles
    justified_column_heads = [c.ljust(cell_widths[c]) for c in columns]
    header = row_template.format(*justified_column_heads)
    # The second row contains separators
    sep = "|" + "-" * (len(header) - 2) + "|"
    # Rows of data
    rows = []
    for d in data:
        fields = [str(d.get(c, "")).ljust(cell_widths[c]) for c in columns]
        row = row_template.format(*fields)
        rows.append(row)

    return "\n".join([header, sep] + rows)

1
from sys import stderr, stdout    
def create_table(table: dict, full_row: bool = False) -> None:

        min_len = len(min((v for v in table.values()), key=lambda q: len(q)))
        max_len = len(max((v for v in table.values()), key=lambda q: len(q)))

        if min_len < max_len:
            stderr.write("Table is out of shape, please make sure all columns have the same length.")
            stderr.flush()
            return

        additional_spacing = 1

        heading_separator = '| '
        horizontal_split = '| '

        rc_separator = ''
        key_list = list(table.keys())
        rc_len_values = []
        for key in key_list:
            rc_len = len(max((v for v in table[key]), key=lambda q: len(str(q))))
            rc_len_values += ([rc_len, [key]] for n in range(len(table[key])))

            heading_line = (key + (" " * (rc_len + (additional_spacing + 1)))) + heading_separator
            stdout.write(heading_line)

            rc_separator += ("-" * (len(key) + (rc_len + (additional_spacing + 1)))) + '+-'

            if key is key_list[-1]:
                stdout.flush()
                stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n')

        value_list = [v for vl in table.values() for v in vl]

        aligned_data_offset = max_len

        row_count = len(key_list)

        next_idx = 0
        newline_indicator = 0
        iterations = 0

        for n in range(len(value_list)):
            key = rc_len_values[next_idx][1][0]
            rc_len = rc_len_values[next_idx][0]

            line = ('{:{}} ' + " " * len(key)).format(value_list[next_idx], str(rc_len + additional_spacing)) + horizontal_split

            if next_idx >= (len(value_list) - aligned_data_offset):
                next_idx = iterations + 1
                iterations += 1
            else:
                next_idx += aligned_data_offset

            if newline_indicator >= row_count:
                if full_row:
                    stdout.flush()
                    stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n')
                else:
                    stdout.flush()
                    stdout.write('\n')

                newline_indicator = 0

            stdout.write(line)
            newline_indicator += 1

        stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n')
        stdout.flush()

例:

table = {
        "uid": ["0", "1", "2", "3"],
        "name": ["Jon", "Doe", "Lemma", "Hemma"]
    }

create_table(table)

输出:

uid   | name       | 
------+------------+-
0     | Jon        | 
1     | Doe        | 
2     | Lemma      | 
3     | Hemma      | 
------+------------+-

2
您可以通过添加一些解释来改善纯代码的答案。
Yunnosch

0

仅使用列表和字符串推导,可以使用紧凑的内置模块完成此操作。接受所有格式相同的词典列表...

def tableit(dictlist):
    lengths = [ max(map(lambda x:len(x.get(k)), dictlist) + [len(k)]) for k in dictlist[0].keys() ]
    lenstr = " | ".join("{:<%s}" % m for m in lengths)
    lenstr += "\n"

    outmsg = lenstr.format(*dictlist[0].keys())
    outmsg += "-" * (sum(lengths) + 3*len(lengths))
    outmsg += "\n"
    outmsg += "".join(
        lenstr.format(*v) for v in [ item.values() for item in dictlist ]
    )
    return outmsg
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