如何通过SQL中的另一列选择具有MAX（列值），DISTINCT的行？

我的桌子是：

id  home  datetime     player   resource
---|-----|------------|--------|---------
1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399 
2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244
5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555
3  | 10  | 03/03/2009 | john   | 300
4  | 11  | 03/03/2009 | juliet | 200
6  | 12  | 03/03/2009 | borat  | 500
7  | 13  | 24/12/2008 | borat  | 600
8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700

我需要选择每个home包含的最大值datetime。

结果将是：

id  home  datetime     player   resource 
---|-----|------------|--------|---------
1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399
2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244
5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555
8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700

我努力了：

-- 1 ..by the MySQL manual: 

SELECT DISTINCT
  home,
  id,
  datetime AS dt,
  player,
  resource
FROM topten t1
WHERE datetime = (SELECT
  MAX(t2.datetime)
FROM topten t2
GROUP BY home)
GROUP BY datetime
ORDER BY datetime DESC

不起作用 尽管数据库保留187个，但结果集有130行home。结果包括的一些重复项。

-- 2 ..join

SELECT
  s1.id,
  s1.home,
  s1.datetime,
  s1.player,
  s1.resource
FROM topten s1
JOIN (SELECT
  id,
  MAX(datetime) AS dt
FROM topten
GROUP BY id) AS s2
  ON s1.id = s2.id
ORDER BY datetime 

不。提供所有记录。

-- 3 ..something exotic: 

具有各种结果。

你好亲密！您需要做的就是选择住所及其最大日期时间，然后再加入到topten两个字段的表中：

SELECT tt.*
FROM topten tt
INNER JOIN
    (SELECT home, MAX(datetime) AS MaxDateTime
    FROM topten
    GROUP BY home) groupedtt 
ON tt.home = groupedtt.home 
AND tt.datetime = groupedtt.MaxDateTime

最快的MySQL解决方案，没有内部查询，也没有GROUP BY：

SELECT m.*                    -- get the row that contains the max value
FROM topten m                 -- "m" from "max"
    LEFT JOIN topten b        -- "b" from "bigger"
        ON m.home = b.home    -- match "max" row with "bigger" row by `home`
        AND m.datetime < b.datetime           -- want "bigger" than "max"
WHERE b.datetime IS NULL      -- keep only if there is no bigger than max

说明：

使用该home列将表与其自身连接。使用LEFT JOIN确保表m中的所有行都出现在结果集中。表格中没有匹配项的b将NULL在的列中包含b。

要求的其他条件是JOIN仅匹配来自列的b价值datetime大于来自列的价值的行m。

使用问题中发布的数据，LEFT JOIN将产生以下对：

+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|              the row from `m`            |    the matching row from `b`   |
|------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| id  home  datetime     player   resource | id    home   datetime      ... |
|----|-----|------------|--------|---------|------|------|------------|-----|
| 1  | 10  | 04/03/2009 | john   | 399     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 2  | 11  | 04/03/2009 | juliet | 244     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 5  | 12  | 04/03/2009 | borat  | 555     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
| 3  | 10  | 03/03/2009 | john   | 300     | 1    | 10   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 4  | 11  | 03/03/2009 | juliet | 200     | 2    | 11   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 6  | 12  | 03/03/2009 | borat  | 500     | 5    | 12   | 04/03/2009 | ... |
| 7  | 13  | 24/12/2008 | borat  | 600     | 8    | 13   | 01/01/2009 | ... |
| 8  | 13  | 01/01/2009 | borat  | 700     | NULL | NULL | NULL       | ... | *
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

最后，该WHERE子句仅保留NULL在列中具有的对b（它们*在上表中用标记）；这意味着，由于JOIN子句中的第二个条件，从中选择的行在mcolumn中具有最大值datetime。

阅读SQL反模式：避免数据库编程的陷阱以获取其他SQL技巧。

这里是T-SQL版本：

-- Test data
DECLARE @TestTable TABLE (id INT, home INT, date DATETIME, 
  player VARCHAR(20), resource INT)
INSERT INTO @TestTable
SELECT 1, 10, '2009-03-04', 'john', 399 UNION
SELECT 2, 11, '2009-03-04', 'juliet', 244 UNION
SELECT 5, 12, '2009-03-04', 'borat', 555 UNION
SELECT 3, 10, '2009-03-03', 'john', 300 UNION
SELECT 4, 11, '2009-03-03', 'juliet', 200 UNION
SELECT 6, 12, '2009-03-03', 'borat', 500 UNION
SELECT 7, 13, '2008-12-24', 'borat', 600 UNION
SELECT 8, 13, '2009-01-01', 'borat', 700

-- Answer
SELECT id, home, date, player, resource 
FROM (SELECT id, home, date, player, resource, 
    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY home ORDER BY date DESC) N
    FROM @TestTable
)M WHERE N = 1

-- and if you really want only home with max date
SELECT T.id, T.home, T.date, T.player, T.resource 
    FROM @TestTable T
INNER JOIN 
(   SELECT TI.id, TI.home, TI.date, 
        RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY TI.home ORDER BY TI.date) N
    FROM @TestTable TI
    WHERE TI.date IN (SELECT MAX(TM.date) FROM @TestTable TM)
)TJ ON TJ.N = 1 AND T.id = TJ.id

编辑
不幸的是，MySQL中没有RANK（）OVER函数。
但是它可以被模拟，请参见使用MySQL模拟分析（AKA排名）函数。
这是MySQL版本：

SELECT id, home, date, player, resource 
FROM TestTable AS t1 
WHERE 
    (SELECT COUNT(*) 
            FROM TestTable AS t2 
            WHERE t2.home = t1.home AND t2.date > t1.date
    ) = 0

即使您有两行或更多行且各有home相同DATETIME的行，这也将起作用：

SELECT id, home, datetime, player, resource
FROM   (
       SELECT (
              SELECT  id
              FROM    topten ti
              WHERE   ti.home = t1.home
              ORDER BY
                      ti.datetime DESC
              LIMIT 1
              ) lid
       FROM   (
              SELECT  DISTINCT home
              FROM    topten
              ) t1
       ) ro, topten t2
WHERE  t2.id = ro.lid

我认为这将为您带来预期的结果：

SELECT   home, MAX(datetime)
FROM     my_table
GROUP BY home

但是如果您还需要其他列，只需与原始表进行联接（检查Michael La Voie答案）

最好的祝福。

由于人们似乎一直都在使用此线程（评论日期范围为1.5年）不是那么简单：

SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM topten ORDER BY datetime DESC) tmp GROUP BY home

无需聚合功能...

干杯。

您也可以尝试这一操作，对于大型表，查询性能会更好。当每个房屋的记录不超过两个且它们的日期不同时，它将起作用。更好的一般MySQL查询是上述Michael La Voie的查询。

SELECT t1.id, t1.home, t1.date, t1.player, t1.resource
FROM   t_scores_1 t1 
INNER JOIN t_scores_1 t2
   ON t1.home = t2.home
WHERE t1.date > t2.date

或者在Postgres或提供分析功能的数据库的情况下尝试

SELECT t.* FROM 
(SELECT t1.id, t1.home, t1.date, t1.player, t1.resource
  , row_number() over (partition by t1.home order by t1.date desc) rw
 FROM   topten t1 
 INNER JOIN topten t2
   ON t1.home = t2.home
 WHERE t1.date > t2.date 
) t
WHERE t.rw = 1

这适用于Oracle：

with table_max as(
  select id
       , home
       , datetime
       , player
       , resource
       , max(home) over (partition by home) maxhome
    from table  
)
select id
     , home
     , datetime
     , player
     , resource
  from table_max
 where home = maxhome

SELECT  tt.*
FROM    TestTable tt 
INNER JOIN 
        (
        SELECT  coord, MAX(datetime) AS MaxDateTime 
        FROM    rapsa 
        GROUP BY
                krd 
        ) groupedtt
ON      tt.coord = groupedtt.coord
        AND tt.datetime = groupedtt.MaxDateTime

对于SQL Server，请尝试以下操作：

WITH cte AS (
   SELECT home, MAX(year) AS year FROM Table1 GROUP BY home
)
SELECT * FROM Table1 a INNER JOIN cte ON a.home = cte.home AND a.year = cte.year

SELECT c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 FROM table1 WHERE c3 = (select max(c3) from table)

SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE c3 = (select max(c3) from table1)

这是MySQL版本，仅打印一个条目，其中一组中有重复的MAX（datetime）。

您可以在这里测试http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!2/0a4ae/1

样本数据

mysql> SELECT * from topten;
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+
| id   | home | datetime            | player | resource |
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+
|    1 |   10 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | john   |      399 |
|    2 |   11 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | juliet |      244 |
|    3 |   10 | 2009-03-03 00:00:00 | john   |      300 |
|    4 |   11 | 2009-03-03 00:00:00 | juliet |      200 |
|    5 |   12 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      555 |
|    6 |   12 | 2009-03-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      500 |
|    7 |   13 | 2008-12-24 00:00:00 | borat  |      600 |
|    8 |   13 | 2009-01-01 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|    9 |   10 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|   10 |   11 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|   12 |   12 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+

带有用户变量的MySQL版本

SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT ord.*,
        IF (@prev_home = ord.home, 0, 1) AS is_first_appear,
        @prev_home := ord.home
    FROM (
        SELECT t1.id, t1.home, t1.player, t1.resource
        FROM topten t1
        INNER JOIN (
            SELECT home, MAX(datetime) AS mx_dt
            FROM topten
            GROUP BY home
          ) x ON t1.home = x.home AND t1.datetime = x.mx_dt
        ORDER BY home
    ) ord, (SELECT @prev_home := 0, @seq := 0) init
) y
WHERE is_first_appear = 1;
+------+------+--------+----------+-----------------+------------------------+
| id   | home | player | resource | is_first_appear | @prev_home := ord.home |
+------+------+--------+----------+-----------------+------------------------+
|    9 |   10 | borat  |      700 |               1 |                     10 |
|   10 |   11 | borat  |      700 |               1 |                     11 |
|   12 |   12 | borat  |      700 |               1 |                     12 |
|    8 |   13 | borat  |      700 |               1 |                     13 |
+------+------+--------+----------+-----------------+------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

接受答案的出局

SELECT tt.*
FROM topten tt
INNER JOIN
    (
    SELECT home, MAX(datetime) AS MaxDateTime
    FROM topten
    GROUP BY home
) groupedtt ON tt.home = groupedtt.home AND tt.datetime = groupedtt.MaxDateTime
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+
| id   | home | datetime            | player | resource |
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+
|    1 |   10 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | john   |      399 |
|    2 |   11 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | juliet |      244 |
|    5 |   12 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      555 |
|    8 |   13 | 2009-01-01 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|    9 |   10 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|   10 |   11 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
|   12 |   12 | 2009-04-03 00:00:00 | borat  |      700 |
+------+------+---------------------+--------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

另一种方法是使用子查询来查询每组的最新行，该子查询基本上计算每组的每一行的排名，然后按照rank = 1过滤掉最近的行

select a.*
from topten a
where (
  select count(*)
  from topten b
  where a.home = b.home
  and a.`datetime` < b.`datetime`
) +1 = 1

演示

这是直观的演示，用于更好地理解每一行的等级

通过阅读一些注释，如果有两行具有相同的“ home”和“ datetime”字段值，该怎么办？

上面的查询将失败，并且将为以上情况返回多于1行。为了掩盖这种情况，将需要另一个标准/参数/列来确定应该采取哪种情况落在上述情况中。通过查看样本数据集，我假设有一个主键列id，应将其设置为自动递增。因此，我们可以使用此列来选择最新的行，方法是借助CASE诸如

select a.*
from topten a
where (
  select count(*)
  from topten b
  where a.home = b.home
  and  case 
       when a.`datetime` = b.`datetime`
       then a.id < b.id
       else a.`datetime` < b.`datetime`
       end
) + 1 = 1

演示

上面的查询将在相同的datetime值中选择ID最高的行

视觉演示，每一行的排名为

为什么不使用：SELECT home，MAX（datetime）AS MaxDateTime，player，resource from topten GROUP BY home我错过了什么吗？

尝试这个

select * from mytable a join
(select home, max(datetime) datetime
from mytable
group by home) b
 on a.home = b.home and a.datetime = b.datetime

关于K

这是您需要的查询：

 SELECT b.id, a.home,b.[datetime],b.player,a.resource FROM
 (SELECT home,MAX(resource) AS resource FROM tbl_1 GROUP BY home) AS a

 LEFT JOIN

 (SELECT id,home,[datetime],player,resource FROM tbl_1) AS b
 ON  a.resource = b.resource WHERE a.home =b.home;

@Michae接受的答案在大多数情况下都可以正常工作，但由于以下原因而失败。

如果有两行具有相同的HomeID和Datetime，则查询将返回这两行，而不是要求的唯一HomeID，因为这将在查询中添加Distinct，如下所示。

SELECT DISTINCT tt.home  , tt.MaxDateTime
FROM topten tt
INNER JOIN
    (SELECT home, MAX(datetime) AS MaxDateTime
    FROM topten
    GROUP BY home) groupedtt 
ON tt.home = groupedtt.home 
AND tt.datetime = groupedtt.MaxDateTime

希望下面的查询将给出所需的输出：

Select id, home,datetime,player,resource, row_number() over (Partition by home ORDER by datetime desc) as rownum from tablename where rownum=1