如何使用日志记录Python模块写入文件？

127

如何使用Python中的日志记录模块写入文件？每当我尝试使用它时，它只会打印出消息。

python  logging 
— 塔昆
source

Answers:

172

一个使用logging.basicConfig而不是一个例子logging.fileHandler()

logging.basicConfig(filename=logname,
                            filemode='a',
                            format='%(asctime)s,%(msecs)d %(name)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                            datefmt='%H:%M:%S',
                            level=logging.DEBUG)

logging.info("Running Urban Planning")

self.logger = logging.getLogger('urbanGUI')

按顺序，这五个部分执行以下操作：

  1. 设置输出文件（filename=logname）
  2. 将其设置为追加而不是覆盖（filemode='a'）
  3. 确定输出消息的格式（format=...）
  4. 确定输出时间的格式（datefmt='%H:%M:%S'）
  5. 并确定它将接受的最低消息级别（level=logging.DEBUG）。
— 笑脸
source
文件名可以是hdfs位置吗？如果是，怎么办？
— 雅各布
是否可以设置文件路径
— neeraja
1
if __name__ == '__main__':如果在apache上运行，请确保这不在下面
— Rami Alloush '19
@RamiAlloush您能详细说明一下吗？这是为什么？（好奇心:)）
— notihs
@notihs，服务器不会直接运行脚本文件，因此下面的部分if __name__ == '__main__':不会执行。
— 拉米·阿洛什
71

摘自《伐木手册》：

# create logger with 'spam_application'
logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create file handler which logs even debug messages
fh = logging.FileHandler('spam.log')
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logger.addHandler(fh)

而且你很好。

PS请确保还阅读日志记录操作指南。

— 伊丽·班德斯基
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4
要回答您的第一个问题，请随时查看我提出的问题的标题。我已经遍历了您提供的链接，这很有帮助。我已经复制了您提供给我的代码，并且认为我可以成功使用logger.info（“ message”）和logger.warning（“ message”）错了吗？我可以使用logger.warning写入文件，但是logger.info似乎没有写入文件。
— 塔坤2011年
尝试删除setLevel调用。读取处理程序文档后，默认情况下似乎所有消息都已处理。
— thegrinner 2011年
2
我只能使用写出文件logger.warning("message")，不能使用logger.info("message")nor logger.debug("message")。有点烦人。
— m3nda
3
如果您要编写信息/调试消息，@ EliBendersky编写的代码示例缺少1个步骤。记录器本身需要配置自己的日志级别，以接受该级别的日志消息，例如logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)。记录器可以配置有多个处理程序。记录器中配置的级别确定要发送给其每个处理程序的严重性级别日志消息，而处理程序中设置的级别确定处理程序将处理的级别。请注意，那些想要打印信息消息的人只需INFO在记录器和处理程序中将其设置为即可。
— testworks
我已经更新了样本做logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)-感谢您的意见
— 伊莱Bendersky
13

我更喜欢使用配置文件。从开发到发行时，它使我可以切换日志记录级别，位置等，而无需更改代码。我只是打包了一个不同的配置文件，并使用相同的名称和定义的记录器。

import logging.config
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Configure the logger
    # loggerConfigFileName: The name and path of your configuration file
    logging.config.fileConfig(path.normpath(loggerConfigFileName))

    # Create the logger
    # Admin_Client: The name of a logger defined in the config file
    mylogger = logging.getLogger('Admin_Client')

    msg='Bite Me'
    myLogger.debug(msg)
    myLogger.info(msg)
    myLogger.warn(msg)
    myLogger.error(msg)
    myLogger.critical(msg)

    # Shut down the logger
    logging.shutdown()

这是我的日志配置文件代码

#These are the loggers that are available from the code
#Each logger requires a handler, but can have more than one
[loggers]
keys=root,Admin_Client


#Each handler requires a single formatter
[handlers]
keys=fileHandler, consoleHandler


[formatters]
keys=logFormatter, consoleFormatter


[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=fileHandler


[logger_Admin_Client]
level=DEBUG
handlers=fileHandler, consoleHandler
qualname=Admin_Client
#propagate=0 Does not pass messages to ancestor loggers(root)
propagate=0


# Do not use a console logger when running scripts from a bat file without a console
# because it hangs!
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=consoleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)# The comma is correct, because the parser is looking for args


[handler_fileHandler]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=logFormatter
# This causes a new file to be created for each script
# Change time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S") to time.strftime("%Y%m%d")
# And only one log per day will be created. All messages will be amended to it.
args=("D:\\Logs\\PyLogs\\" + time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")+'.log', 'a')


[formatter_logFormatter]
#name is the name of the logger root or Admin_Client
#levelname is the log message level debug, warn, ect 
#lineno is the line number from where the call to log is made
#04d is simple formatting to ensure there are four numeric places with leading zeros
#4s would work as well, but would simply pad the string with leading spaces, right justify
#-4s would work as well, but would simply pad the string with trailing spaces, left justify
#filename is the file name from where the call to log is made
#funcName is the method name from where the call to log is made
#format=%(asctime)s | %(lineno)d | %(message)s
#format=%(asctime)s | %(name)s | %(levelname)s | %(message)s
#format=%(asctime)s | %(name)s | %(module)s-%(lineno) | %(levelname)s | %(message)s
#format=%(asctime)s | %(name)s | %(module)s-%(lineno)04d | %(levelname)s | %(message)s
#format=%(asctime)s | %(name)s | %(module)s-%(lineno)4s | %(levelname)-8s | %(message)s

format=%(asctime)s | %(levelname)-8s | %(lineno)04d | %(message)s


#Use a separate formatter for the console if you want
[formatter_consoleFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s | %(levelname)-8s | %(filename)s-%(funcName)s-%(lineno)04d | %(message)s
— 比尔·基德
source
1
用日期命名文件需要%%在Python 3中加倍。例如time.strftime("%%Y%%m%%D")
— AH
9

http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html#logging.basicConfig

logging.basicConfig(filename='/path/to/your/log', level=....)
— 格里菲斯
source
1
这会将日志保存在文件中，这很好。如果与此同时，我希望它也将输出记录在终端上怎么办？
— Rishabh Agrahari '18
官方logging模块文档对此进行了说明。您甚至可以选择将哪些日志输入终端，将哪些日志输入文件，以及更多有趣的应用程序。docs.python.org/3/howto/...
— 丹尼尔·埃尔南德斯
4

这是一种更简单的解决方法。此解决方案不使用配置字典，而是使用旋转文件处理程序，如下所示：

import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

logging.basicConfig(handlers=[RotatingFileHandler(filename=logpath+filename,
                     mode='w', maxBytes=512000, backupCount=4)], level=debug_level,
                     format='%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(message)s', 
                    datefmt='%m/%d/%Y%I:%M:%S %p')

logger = logging.getLogger('my_logger')

或者像这样：

import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

handlers = [
            RotatingFileHandler(filename=logpath+filename, mode='w', maxBytes=512000, 
                                backupCount=4)
           ]
logging.basicConfig(handlers=handlers, level=debug_level, 
                    format='%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(message)s', 
                    datefmt='%m/%d/%Y%I:%M:%S %p')

logger = logging.getLogger('my_logger')

handlers变量需要是可迭代的。logpath + filename和debug_level只是保存各自信息的变量。当然，函数参数的值取决于您。

第一次使用日志记录模块时，我写了以下错误，从而产生了OS文件锁定错误（以上是解决方法）：

import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

logging.basicConfig(filename=logpath+filename, level=debug_level, format='%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y
 %I:%M:%S %p')

logger = logging.getLogger('my_logger')
logger.addHandler(RotatingFileHandler(filename=logpath+filename, mode='w', 
                  maxBytes=512000, backupCount=4))

而鲍勃是你的叔叔！

— pdp
source
0 
import sys
import logging

from util import reducer_logfile
logging.basicConfig(filename=reducer_logfile, format='%(message)s',
                    level=logging.INFO, filemode='w')
— 索拉卜
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0

这个例子应该可以正常工作。我为控制台添加了流处理程序。控制台日志和文件处理程序数据应相似。

    # MUTHUKUMAR_TIME_DATE.py #>>>>>>>> file name(module)

    import sys
    import logging
    import logging.config
    # ================== Logger ================================
    def Logger(file_name):
        formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt='%(asctime)s %(module)s,line: %(lineno)d %(levelname)8s | %(message)s',
                                      datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') # %I:%M:%S %p AM|PM format
        logging.basicConfig(filename = '%s.log' %(file_name),format= '%(asctime)s %(module)s,line: %(lineno)d %(levelname)8s | %(message)s',
                                      datefmt='%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S', filemode = 'w', level = logging.INFO)
        log_obj = logging.getLogger()
        log_obj.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        # log_obj = logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())

        # console printer
        screen_handler = logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout) #stream=sys.stdout is similar to normal print
        screen_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        logging.getLogger().addHandler(screen_handler)

        log_obj.info("Logger object created successfully..")
        return log_obj
    # =======================================================


MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK.py #>>>>>>>>>>> file name
# calling **Logger** function
file_name = 'muthu'
log_obj =Logger(file_name)
log_obj.info("yes   hfghghg ghgfh".format())
log_obj.critical("CRIC".format())
log_obj.error("ERR".format())
log_obj.warning("WARN".format())
log_obj.debug("debug".format())
log_obj.info("qwerty".format())
log_obj.info("asdfghjkl".format())
log_obj.info("zxcvbnm".format())
# closing file
log_obj.handlers.clear()

OUTPUT:
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_TIME_DATE,line: 17     INFO | Logger object created successfully..
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 8     INFO | yes   hfghghg ghgfh
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 9 CRITICAL | CRIC
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 10    ERROR | ERR
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 11  WARNING | WARN
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 12    DEBUG | debug
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 13     INFO | qwerty
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 14     INFO | asdfghjkl
2019/07/13 23:54:40 MUTHUKUMAR_LOGGING_CHECK,line: 15     INFO | zxcvbnm

Thanks,
— Muthukumar
source
0

格式说明

#%(name)s       Name of the logger (logging channel).
#%(levelname)s  Text logging level for the message ('DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL').
#%(asctime)s    Human-readable time when the LogRecord was created. By default this is of the form ``2003-07-08 16:49:45,896'' (the numbers after the comma are millisecond portion of the time).
#%(message)s    The logged message.

正常的通话方式

import logging
#logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info('Start reading database')
# read database here
records = {'john': 55, 'tom': 66}
logger.debug('Records: %s', records)
logger.info('Updating records ...')
# update records here
logger.info('Finish updating records')

输出量

INFO:__main__:Start reading database
DEBUG:__main__:Records: {'john': 55, 'tom': 66}
INFO:__main__:Updating records ...
INFO:__main__:Finish updating records

使用Dict，调用值 

import logging
import logging.config
import otherMod2

def main():
    """
    Based on http://docs.python.org/howto/logging.html#configuring-logging
    """
    dictLogConfig = {
        "version":1,
        "handlers":{
                    "fileHandler":{
                        "class":"logging.FileHandler",
                        "formatter":"myFormatter",
                        "filename":"config2.log"
                        }
                    },        
        "loggers":{
            "exampleApp":{
                "handlers":["fileHandler"],
                "level":"INFO",
                }
            },

        "formatters":{
            "myFormatter":{
                "format":"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
                }
            }
        }

    logging.config.dictConfig(dictLogConfig)

    logger = logging.getLogger("exampleApp")

    logger.info("Program started")
    result = otherMod2.add(7, 8)
    logger.info("Done!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

otherMod2.py

import logging
def add(x, y):
    """"""
    logger = logging.getLogger("exampleApp.otherMod2.add")
    logger.info("added %s and %s to get %s" % (x, y, x+y))
    return x+y

输出量

2019-08-12 18:03:50,026 - exampleApp - INFO - Program started
2019-08-12 18:03:50,026 - exampleApp.otherMod2.add - INFO - added 7 and 8 to get 15
2019-08-12 18:03:50,027 - exampleApp - INFO - Done!
— sim卡
source
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