在Linux上通过Python脚本拍摄屏幕截图

我想通过python脚本截取屏幕截图，并毫不干扰地保存它。

我只对Linux解决方案感兴趣，应该支持任何基于X的环境。

无需使用scrot或ImageMagick即可工作。

import gtk.gdk

w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
print "The size of the window is %d x %d" % sz
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
if (pb != None):
    pb.save("screenshot.png","png")
    print "Screenshot saved to screenshot.png."
else:
    print "Unable to get the screenshot."

从http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=2681009&postcount=5借来的

在一堂课中汇编所有答案。输出PIL图像。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
"""
screengrab.py

Created by Alex Snet on 2011-10-10.
Copyright (c) 2011 CodeTeam. All rights reserved.
"""

import sys
import os

import Image


class screengrab:
    def __init__(self):
        try:
            import gtk
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            self.screen = self.getScreenByGtk

        try:
            import PyQt4
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            self.screen = self.getScreenByQt

        try:
            import wx
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            self.screen = self.getScreenByWx

        try:
            import ImageGrab
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            self.screen = self.getScreenByPIL


    def getScreenByGtk(self):
        import gtk.gdk      
        w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
        sz = w.get_size()
        pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
        pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
        if pb is None:
            return False
        else:
            width,height = pb.get_width(),pb.get_height()
            return Image.fromstring("RGB",(width,height),pb.get_pixels() )

    def getScreenByQt(self):
        from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
        from PyQt4.Qt import QBuffer, QIODevice
        import StringIO
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        buffer = QBuffer()
        buffer.open(QIODevice.ReadWrite)
        QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save(buffer, 'png')
        strio = StringIO.StringIO()
        strio.write(buffer.data())
        buffer.close()
        del app
        strio.seek(0)
        return Image.open(strio)

    def getScreenByPIL(self):
        import ImageGrab
        img = ImageGrab.grab()
        return img

    def getScreenByWx(self):
        import wx
        wx.App()  # Need to create an App instance before doing anything
        screen = wx.ScreenDC()
        size = screen.GetSize()
        bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(size[0], size[1])
        mem = wx.MemoryDC(bmp)
        mem.Blit(0, 0, size[0], size[1], screen, 0, 0)
        del mem  # Release bitmap
        #bmp.SaveFile('screenshot.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
        myWxImage = wx.ImageFromBitmap( myBitmap )
        PilImage = Image.new( 'RGB', (myWxImage.GetWidth(), myWxImage.GetHeight()) )
        PilImage.fromstring( myWxImage.GetData() )
        return PilImage

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = screengrab()
    screen = s.screen()
    screen.show()

出于完整性考虑：Xlib-但是在捕获整个屏幕时它有些慢：

from Xlib import display, X
import Image #PIL

W,H = 200,200
dsp = display.Display()
root = dsp.screen().root
raw = root.get_image(0, 0, W,H, X.ZPixmap, 0xffffffff)
image = Image.fromstring("RGB", (W, H), raw.data, "raw", "BGRX")
image.show()

可以尝试在PyXlib的瓶颈文件中添加一些类型，然后使用Cython对其进行编译。这样可以提高速度。

编辑： 我们可以用C编写函数的核心，然后在ctypes中的python中使用它，这是我一起学习的内容：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
//Compile hint: gcc -shared -O3 -lX11 -fPIC -Wl,-soname,prtscn -o prtscn.so prtscn.c

void getScreen(const int, const int, const int, const int, unsigned char *);
void getScreen(const int xx,const int yy,const int W, const int H, /*out*/ unsigned char * data) 
{
   Display *display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
   Window root = DefaultRootWindow(display);

   XImage *image = XGetImage(display,root, xx,yy, W,H, AllPlanes, ZPixmap);

   unsigned long red_mask   = image->red_mask;
   unsigned long green_mask = image->green_mask;
   unsigned long blue_mask  = image->blue_mask;
   int x, y;
   int ii = 0;
   for (y = 0; y < H; y++) {
       for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
         unsigned long pixel = XGetPixel(image,x,y);
         unsigned char blue  = (pixel & blue_mask);
         unsigned char green = (pixel & green_mask) >> 8;
         unsigned char red   = (pixel & red_mask) >> 16;

         data[ii + 2] = blue;
         data[ii + 1] = green;
         data[ii + 0] = red;
         ii += 3;
      }
   }
   XDestroyImage(image);
   XDestroyWindow(display, root);
   XCloseDisplay(display);
}

然后是python文件：

import ctypes
import os
from PIL import Image

LibName = 'prtscn.so'
AbsLibPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.path.sep + LibName
grab = ctypes.CDLL(AbsLibPath)

def grab_screen(x1,y1,x2,y2):
    w, h = x2-x1, y2-y1
    size = w * h
    objlength = size * 3

    grab.getScreen.argtypes = []
    result = (ctypes.c_ubyte*objlength)()

    grab.getScreen(x1,y1, w, h, result)
    return Image.frombuffer('RGB', (w, h), result, 'raw', 'RGB', 0, 1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  im = grab_screen(0,0,1440,900)
  im.show()

这可以在X11上运行，也可以在Windows上运行（请检查）。需要PyQt4：

import sys
from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save('test.png', 'png')

我有一个用于scrot，imagemagick，pyqt，wx和pygtk的包装器项目（pyscreenshot）。如果您有其中之一，则可以使用它。所有解决方案都包含在此讨论中。

安装：

easy_install pyscreenshot

例：

import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab

# fullscreen
im=ImageGrab.grab()
im.show()

# part of the screen
im=ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(10,10,500,500))
im.show()

# to file
ImageGrab.grab_to_file('im.png')

使用wxPython的跨平台解决方案：

import wx
wx.App()  # Need to create an App instance before doing anything
screen = wx.ScreenDC()
size = screen.GetSize()
bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(size[0], size[1])
mem = wx.MemoryDC(bmp)
mem.Blit(0, 0, size[0], size[1], screen, 0, 0)
del mem  # Release bitmap
bmp.SaveFile('screenshot.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)

import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grab()
img.save('test.jpg','JPEG')

这需要Python Imaging Library

你可以用这个

import os
os.system("import -window root screen_shot.png")

有点晚，但是没关系容易的是

import autopy
import time
time.sleep(2)
b = autopy.bitmap.capture_screen()
b.save("C:/Users/mak/Desktop/m.png")

我无法在Linux中使用pyscreenshot或scrot截屏，因为 pyscreenshot只是黑屏png图像文件。

但是，谢天谢地，在Linux中无需安装任何内容即可截取屏幕截图是另一种非常简单的方法。只需将以下代码放在目录中并运行python demo.py

import os
os.system("gnome-screenshot --file=this_directory.png")

也有很多可用的选项 gnome-screenshot --help

Application Options:
  -c, --clipboard                Send the grab directly to the clipboard
  -w, --window                   Grab a window instead of the entire screen
  -a, --area                     Grab an area of the screen instead of the entire screen
  -b, --include-border           Include the window border with the screenshot
  -B, --remove-border            Remove the window border from the screenshot
  -p, --include-pointer          Include the pointer with the screenshot
  -d, --delay=seconds            Take screenshot after specified delay [in seconds]
  -e, --border-effect=effect     Effect to add to the border (shadow, border, vintage or none)
  -i, --interactive              Interactively set options
  -f, --file=filename            Save screenshot directly to this file
  --version                      Print version information and exit
  --display=DISPLAY              X display to use

这个Autopy有一个python包

位图模块可以抓屏（bitmap.capture_screen）它是多平台的（Windows，Linux，Osx）。

从这个线程：

 import os
 os.system("import -window root temp.png")

对于ubuntu这项对我来说有用的工作，您可以使用以下方法对选择窗口进行截图：

import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
from gi.repository import Gdk
from gi.repository import GdkPixbuf
import numpy as np
from Xlib.display import Display

#define the window name
window_name = 'Spotify'

#define xid of your select 'window'
def locate_window(stack,window):
    disp = Display()
    NET_WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('_NET_WM_NAME')
    WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('WM_NAME') 
    name= []
    for i, w in enumerate(stack):
        win_id =w.get_xid()
        window_obj = disp.create_resource_object('window', win_id)
        for atom in (NET_WM_NAME, WM_NAME):
            window_name=window_obj.get_full_property(atom, 0)
            name.append(window_name.value)
    for l in range(len(stack)):
        if(name[2*l]==window):
            return stack[l]

window = Gdk.get_default_root_window()
screen = window.get_screen()
stack = screen.get_window_stack()
myselectwindow = locate_window(stack,window_name)
img_pixbuf = Gdk.pixbuf_get_from_window(myselectwindow,*myselectwindow.get_geometry()) 

将pixbuf转换为数组

def pixbuf_to_array(p):
    w,h,c,r=(p.get_width(), p.get_height(), p.get_n_channels(), p.get_rowstride())
    assert p.get_colorspace() == GdkPixbuf.Colorspace.RGB
    assert p.get_bits_per_sample() == 8
    if  p.get_has_alpha():
        assert c == 4
    else:
        assert c == 3
    assert r >= w * c
    a=np.frombuffer(p.get_pixels(),dtype=np.uint8)
    if a.shape[0] == w*c*h:
        return a.reshape( (h, w, c) )
    else:
        b=np.zeros((h,w*c),'uint8')
        for j in range(h):
            b[j,:]=a[r*j:r*j+w*c]
        return b.reshape( (h, w, c) )

beauty_print = pixbuf_to_array(img_pixbuf)

这是一个老问题。我想用新工具回答。

适用于python 3（应该适用于python 2，但我尚未对其进行测试）和PyQt5。

最小的工作示例。将其复制到python shell并获得结果。

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
app = QApplication([])
screen = app.primaryScreen()
screenshot = screen.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId())
screenshot.save('/tmp/screenshot.png')

尝试一下：

#!/usr/bin/python

import gtk.gdk
import time
import random
import socket
import fcntl
import struct
import getpass
import os
import paramiko     

while 1:
    # generate a random time between 120 and 300 sec
    random_time = random.randrange(20,25)
    # wait between 120 and 300 seconds (or between 2 and 5 minutes) 

    print "Next picture in: %.2f minutes" % (float(random_time) / 60)

    time.sleep(random_time)
    w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()   
    sz = w.get_size()
    print "The size of the window is %d x %d" % sz
    pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
    pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
    ts = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time()) )
    date = time.strftime("%d-%m-%Y")
    timer = time.strftime("%I:%M:%S%p")
    filename = timer
    filename += ".png"

    if (pb != None):
        username = getpass.getuser() #Get username
        newpath = r'screenshots/'+username+'/'+date #screenshot save path
        if not os.path.exists(newpath): os.makedirs(newpath)
        saveas = os.path.join(newpath,filename)
        print saveas
        pb.save(saveas,"png")
    else:
        print "Unable to get the screenshot."