IN子句和占位符

我正在尝试在Android中执行以下SQL查询：

    String names = "'name1', 'name2";   // in the code this is dynamically generated

    String query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE name IN (?)";
    Cursor cursor = mDb.rawQuery(query, new String[]{names});

但是，Android不会用正确的值替换问号。我可以执行以下操作，但是，这不能防止SQL注入：

    String query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE name IN (" + names + ")";
    Cursor cursor = mDb.rawQuery(query, null);

如何解决此问题并能够使用IN子句？

形式的字符串"?, ?, ..., ?"可以是动态创建的字符串，并可以安全地放入原始SQL查询中（因为它是不包含外部数据的受限形式），然后可以按常规使用占位符。

考虑一个String makePlaceholders(int len)返回len以逗号分隔的问号的函数，然后：

String[] names = { "name1", "name2" }; // do whatever is needed first
String query = "SELECT * FROM table"
    + " WHERE name IN (" + makePlaceholders(names.length) + ")";
Cursor cursor = mDb.rawQuery(query, names);

只需确保传递与位置一样多的值即可。SQLite 中主机参数的默认最大限制为 999-至少在正常版本中，不确定Android :)

快乐的编码。

这是一个实现：

String makePlaceholders(int len) {
    if (len < 1) {
        // It will lead to an invalid query anyway ..
        throw new RuntimeException("No placeholders");
    } else {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len * 2 - 1);
        sb.append("?");
        for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            sb.append(",?");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

简短示例，基于user166390的答案：

public Cursor selectRowsByCodes(String[] codes) {
    try {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getReadableDatabase();
        SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();

        String[] sqlSelect = {COLUMN_NAME_ID, COLUMN_NAME_CODE, COLUMN_NAME_NAME, COLUMN_NAME_PURPOSE, COLUMN_NAME_STATUS};
        String sqlTables = "Enumbers";

        qb.setTables(sqlTables);

        Cursor c = qb.query(db, sqlSelect, COLUMN_NAME_CODE+" IN (" +
                        TextUtils.join(",", Collections.nCopies(codes.length, "?")) +
                        ")", codes,
                null, null, null); 
        c.moveToFirst();
        return c;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(this.getClass().getCanonicalName(), e.getMessage() + e.getStackTrace().toString());
    }
    return null;
}

可悲的是，没有办法做到这一点（显然'name1', 'name2'这不是一个单一的值，因此不能在准备好的语句中使用）。

因此，您将不得不放低视线（例如，通过创建非常具体的，不可重用的查询，例如WHERE name IN (?, ?, ?)）或不使用存储过程，并尝试使用其他一些技术来防止SQL注入...

如建议的那样，但不使用自定义函数来生成逗号分隔的“？”。请检查下面的代码。

String[] names = { "name1", "name2" }; // do whatever is needed first
String query = "SELECT * FROM table"
    + " WHERE name IN (" + TextUtils.join(",", Collections.nCopies(names.length, "?"))  + ")";
Cursor cursor = mDb.rawQuery(query, names);

您可以TextUtils.join(",", parameters)用来利用sqlite绑定参数，其中parameters包含"?"占位符的列表和结果字符串类似"?,?,..,?"。

这是一个小例子：

Set<Integer> positionsSet = membersListCursorAdapter.getCurrentCheckedPosition();
List<String> ids = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
for (Integer position : positionsSet) {
    ids.add(String.valueOf(membersListCursorAdapter.getItemId(position)));
    parameters.add("?");
}
getActivity().getContentResolver().delete(
    SharedUserTable.CONTENT_URI,
    SharedUserTable._ID + " in (" + TextUtils.join(",", parameters) + ")",
    ids.toArray(new String[ids.size()])
);

实际上，您可以使用android的本机查询方式来代替rawQuery：

public int updateContactsByServerIds(ArrayList<Integer> serverIds, final long groupId) {
    final int serverIdsCount = serverIds.size()-1; // 0 for one and only id, -1 if empty list
    final StringBuilder ids = new StringBuilder("");
    if (serverIdsCount>0) // ambiguous "if" but -1 leads to endless cycle
        for (int i = 0; i < serverIdsCount; i++)
            ids.append(String.valueOf(serverIds.get(i))).append(",");
    // add last (or one and only) id without comma
    ids.append(String.valueOf(serverIds.get(serverIdsCount))); //-1 throws exception
    // remove last comma
    Log.i(this,"whereIdsList: "+ids);
    final String whereClause = Tables.Contacts.USER_ID + " IN ("+ids+")";

    final ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
    args.put(Tables.Contacts.GROUP_ID, groupId);

    int numberOfRowsAffected = 0;
    SQLiteDatabase db = dbAdapter.getWritableDatabase());
        try {
            numberOfRowsAffected = db.update(Tables.Contacts.TABLE_NAME, args, whereClause, null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        dbAdapter.closeWritableDB();


    Log.d(TAG, "updateContactsByServerIds() numberOfRowsAffected: " + numberOfRowsAffected);

    return numberOfRowsAffected;
}

这是无效的

String subQuery = "SELECT _id FROM tnl_partofspeech where part_of_speech = 'noun'";
Cursor cursor = SQLDataBase.rawQuery(
                "SELECT * FROM table_main where part_of_speech_id IN (" +
                        "?" +
                        ")",
                new String[]{subQuery}););

这是有效的

String subQuery = "SELECT _id FROM tbl_partofspeech where part_of_speech = 'noun'";
Cursor cursor = SQLDataBase.rawQuery(
                "SELECT * FROM table_main where part_of_speech_id IN (" +
                        subQuery +
                        ")",
                null);

使用ContentResolver

String subQuery = "SELECT _id FROM tbl_partofspeech where part_of_speech = 'noun' ";

final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{"1","2"};
final String selection = "_id IN ( ?,? )) AND part_of_speech_id IN (( " + subQuery + ") ";
SQLiteDatabase SQLDataBase = DataBaseManage.getReadableDatabase(this);

SQLiteQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
queryBuilder.setTables("tableName");

Cursor cursor =  queryBuilder.query(SQLDataBase, null, selection, selectionArgs, null,
        null, null);

在Kotlin中，您可以使用joinToString

val query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE name IN (${names.joinToString(separator = ",") { "?" }})"
val cursor = mDb.rawQuery(query, names.toTypedArray())

我Stream为此使用API：

final String[] args = Stream.of("some","data","for","args").toArray(String[]::new);
final String placeholders = Stream.generate(() -> "?").limit(args.length).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
final String selection = String.format("SELECT * FROM table WHERE name IN(%s)", placeholders);

db.rawQuery(selection, args);