Answers:
我只是设法自己得到答案。通过使用Obj-C运行时库，我可以按自己的方式访问属性：
- (void)myMethod {
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
for(i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
const char *propType = getPropertyType(property);
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithCString:propName
encoding:[NSString defaultCStringEncoding]];
NSString *propertyType = [NSString stringWithCString:propType
encoding:[NSString defaultCStringEncoding]];
...
}
}
free(properties);
}这需要我创建一个“ getPropertyType” C函数，该函数主要来自Apple代码示例（目前不记得确切的源代码）：
static const char *getPropertyType(objc_property_t property) {
const char *attributes = property_getAttributes(property);
char buffer[1 + strlen(attributes)];
strcpy(buffer, attributes);
char *state = buffer, *attribute;
while ((attribute = strsep(&state, ",")) != NULL) {
if (attribute[0] == 'T') {
if (strlen(attribute) <= 4) {
break;
}
return (const char *)[[NSData dataWithBytes:(attribute + 3) length:strlen(attribute) - 4] bytes];
}
}
return "@";
}[NSString stringWithCString:]不推荐使用[NSString stringWithCString:encoding:]。
@boliva的答案很好，但需要一些额外的处理原语，例如int，long，float，double等。
我以他为基础来添加此功能。
// PropertyUtil.h
#import
@interface PropertyUtil : NSObject
+ (NSDictionary *)classPropsFor:(Class)klass;
@end
// PropertyUtil.m
#import "PropertyUtil.h"
#import "objc/runtime.h"
@implementation PropertyUtil
static const char * getPropertyType(objc_property_t property) {
const char *attributes = property_getAttributes(property);
printf("attributes=%s\n", attributes);
char buffer[1 + strlen(attributes)];
strcpy(buffer, attributes);
char *state = buffer, *attribute;
while ((attribute = strsep(&state, ",")) != NULL) {
if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] != '@') {
// it's a C primitive type:
/*
if you want a list of what will be returned for these primitives, search online for
"objective-c" "Property Attribute Description Examples"
apple docs list plenty of examples of what you get for int "i", long "l", unsigned "I", struct, etc.
*/
return (const char *)[[NSData dataWithBytes:(attribute + 1) length:strlen(attribute) - 1] bytes];
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@' && strlen(attribute) == 2) {
// it's an ObjC id type:
return "id";
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@') {
// it's another ObjC object type:
return (const char *)[[NSData dataWithBytes:(attribute + 3) length:strlen(attribute) - 4] bytes];
}
}
return "";
}
+ (NSDictionary *)classPropsFor:(Class)klass
{
if (klass == NULL) {
return nil;
}
NSMutableDictionary *results = [[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init] autorelease];
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(klass, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
const char *propType = getPropertyType(property);
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propName];
NSString *propertyType = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propType];
[results setObject:propertyType forKey:propertyName];
}
}
free(properties);
// returning a copy here to make sure the dictionary is immutable
return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:results];
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>放在.h文件的顶部吗？
@ orange80的答案有一个问题：实际上，它并不总是以0终止字符串。这可能会导致意外的结果，例如在尝试将其转换为UTF8时崩溃（我正因为此而实际上遇到了一个非常烦人的崩溃错误。调试它很有趣^^）。我通过从属性中实际获取NSString，然后调用cStringUsingEncoding：来修复它。现在，这就像一个魅力。（也与ARC合作，至少对我而言）
所以这是我现在的代码版本：
// PropertyUtil.h
#import
@interface PropertyUtil : NSObject
+ (NSDictionary *)classPropsFor:(Class)klass;
@end
// PropertyUtil.m
#import "PropertyUtil.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation PropertyUtil
static const char *getPropertyType(objc_property_t property) {
const char *attributes = property_getAttributes(property);
//printf("attributes=%s\n", attributes);
char buffer[1 + strlen(attributes)];
strcpy(buffer, attributes);
char *state = buffer, *attribute;
while ((attribute = strsep(&state, ",")) != NULL) {
if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] != '@') {
// it's a C primitive type:
/*
if you want a list of what will be returned for these primitives, search online for
"objective-c" "Property Attribute Description Examples"
apple docs list plenty of examples of what you get for int "i", long "l", unsigned "I", struct, etc.
*/
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 1 length:strlen(attribute) - 1 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@' && strlen(attribute) == 2) {
// it's an ObjC id type:
return "id";
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@') {
// it's another ObjC object type:
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 3 length:strlen(attribute) - 4 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
}
return "";
}
+ (NSDictionary *)classPropsFor:(Class)klass
{
if (klass == NULL) {
return nil;
}
NSMutableDictionary *results = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(klass, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
const char *propType = getPropertyType(property);
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propName];
NSString *propertyType = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propType];
[results setObject:propertyType forKey:propertyName];
}
}
free(properties);
// returning a copy here to make sure the dictionary is immutable
return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:results];
}
@end当我尝试使用iOS 3.2时，getPropertyType函数无法与属性描述配合使用。我从iOS文档中找到了一个示例：“ Objective-C运行时编程指南：声明的属性”。
这是iOS 3.2中财产清单的修订代码：
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
...
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList([UITouch class], &outCount);
for(i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
fprintf(stdout, "%s %s\n", property_getName(property), property_getAttributes(property));
}
free(properties);我发现boliva的解决方案在模拟器中可以正常工作，但是在设备上固定长度的子字符串会引起问题。我针对此问题写了一个更符合Objective-C要求的解决方案，该解决方案可在设备上运行。在我的版本中，我将属性的C-String转换为NSString并对其执行字符串操作，以获得仅具有类型描述的子字符串。
/*
* @returns A string describing the type of the property
*/
+ (NSString *)propertyTypeStringOfProperty:(objc_property_t) property {
const char *attr = property_getAttributes(property);
NSString *const attributes = [NSString stringWithCString:attr encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSRange const typeRangeStart = [attributes rangeOfString:@"T@\""]; // start of type string
if (typeRangeStart.location != NSNotFound) {
NSString *const typeStringWithQuote = [attributes substringFromIndex:typeRangeStart.location + typeRangeStart.length];
NSRange const typeRangeEnd = [typeStringWithQuote rangeOfString:@"\""]; // end of type string
if (typeRangeEnd.location != NSNotFound) {
NSString *const typeString = [typeStringWithQuote substringToIndex:typeRangeEnd.location];
return typeString;
}
}
return nil;
}
/**
* @returns (NSString) Dictionary of property name --> type
*/
+ (NSDictionary *)propertyTypeDictionaryOfClass:(Class)klass {
NSMutableDictionary *propertyMap = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(klass, &outCount);
for(i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithCString:propName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *propertyType = [self propertyTypeStringOfProperty:property];
[propertyMap setValue:propertyType forKey:propertyName];
}
}
free(properties);
return propertyMap;
}此实现可用于Objective-C对象类型和C原语。它与iOS 8兼容。此类提供了三种类方法：
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfObject:(id)object;返回对象的所有可见属性的字典，包括其所有超类的属性。
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfClass:(Class)class;返回一个类的所有可见属性的字典，包括其所有超类的属性。
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfSubclass:(Class)class;返回特定于子类的所有可见属性的字典。其超类的属性是不包括。
使用这些方法的一个有用示例是 将对象复制到Objective-C中的子类实例，而无需在复制方法中指定属性。该答案的某些部分基于该问题的其他答案，但它为所需功能提供了更简洁的界面。
标头：
// SYNUtilities.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface SYNUtilities : NSObject
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfObject:(id)object;
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfClass:(Class)class;
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfSubclass:(Class)class;
@end实现方式：
// SYNUtilities.m
#import "SYNUtilities.h"
#import <objc/objc-runtime.h>
@implementation SYNUtilities
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfObject:(id)object
{
Class class = [object class];
return [self propertiesOfClass:class];
}
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfClass:(Class)class
{
NSMutableDictionary * properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[self propertiesForHierarchyOfClass:class onDictionary:properties];
return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:properties];
}
+ (NSDictionary *) propertiesOfSubclass:(Class)class
{
if (class == NULL) {
return nil;
}
NSMutableDictionary *properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
return [self propertiesForSubclass:class onDictionary:properties];
}
+ (NSMutableDictionary *)propertiesForHierarchyOfClass:(Class)class onDictionary:(NSMutableDictionary *)properties
{
if (class == NULL) {
return nil;
}
if (class == [NSObject class]) {
// On reaching the NSObject base class, return all properties collected.
return properties;
}
// Collect properties from the current class.
[self propertiesForSubclass:class onDictionary:properties];
// Collect properties from the superclass.
return [self propertiesForHierarchyOfClass:[class superclass] onDictionary:properties];
}
+ (NSMutableDictionary *) propertiesForSubclass:(Class)class onDictionary:(NSMutableDictionary *)properties
{
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *objcProperties = class_copyPropertyList(class, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = objcProperties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
const char *propType = getPropertyType(property);
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propName];
NSString *propertyType = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propType];
[properties setObject:propertyType forKey:propertyName];
}
}
free(objcProperties);
return properties;
}
static const char *getPropertyType(objc_property_t property) {
const char *attributes = property_getAttributes(property);
char buffer[1 + strlen(attributes)];
strcpy(buffer, attributes);
char *state = buffer, *attribute;
while ((attribute = strsep(&state, ",")) != NULL) {
if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] != '@') {
// A C primitive type:
/*
For example, int "i", long "l", unsigned "I", struct.
Apple docs list plenty of examples of values returned. For a list
of what will be returned for these primitives, search online for
"Objective-c" "Property Attribute Description Examples"
*/
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 1 length:strlen(attribute) - 1 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@' && strlen(attribute) == 2) {
// An Objective C id type:
return "id";
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@') {
// Another Objective C id type:
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 3 length:strlen(attribute) - 4 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
}
return "";
}
@end如果有人需要很好地获取从父类继承的属性（就像我所做的那样），则可以对“ orange80 ”代码进行一些修改以使其递归：
+ (NSDictionary *)classPropsForClassHierarchy:(Class)klass onDictionary:(NSMutableDictionary *)results
{
if (klass == NULL) {
return nil;
}
//stop if we reach the NSObject class as is the base class
if (klass == [NSObject class]) {
return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:results];
}
else{
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(klass, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *propName = property_getName(property);
if(propName) {
const char *propType = getPropertyType(property);
NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propName];
NSString *propertyType = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propType];
[results setObject:propertyType forKey:propertyName];
}
}
free(properties);
//go for the superclass
return [PropertyUtil classPropsForClassHierarchy:[klass superclass] onDictionary:results];
}
}“属性”一词有点模糊。您是说看起来像访问器的实例变量，属性，方法吗？
这三个问题的答案都是“是的，但这并不容易”。的Objective-C运行API包括函数来获得一类的实例变量列表，方法列表或属性列表（例如，class_copyPropertyList()）中，然后对于每种类型的一个对应的功能来在列表中得到的项的名称（例如，property_getName()）。
总而言之，要想正确使用它可能需要做很多工作，或者至少比大多数人想做的要多得多，因为通常这只是一个琐碎的功能。
另外，您可以编写一个Ruby / Python脚本，该脚本仅读取头文件并查找该类的“属性”。
我能够得到@ orange80的答案，以便与ARC ENABLED一起工作…………我想要的-至少……但并非没有尝试和错误。希望这些附加信息可以使某人免于悲痛。
将他在answer =中描述的那些类保存为类，并保存在您AppDelegate.h（或任何其他内容）中#import PropertyUtil.h。那你的...
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:
(NSNotification *)aNotification {方法（或其他方法）
…
PropertyUtil *props = [PropertyUtil new];
NSDictionary *propsD = [PropertyUtil classPropsFor:
(NSObject*)[gist class]];
NSLog(@"%@, %@", props, propsD);
…秘诀就是将您要查询的类的实例变量（在本例中，我的类是Gist，我的Gistis的实例gist）强制转换为... 到NSObject … (id)等，不会被剪切。 ，深奥的原因。这样会给你一些输出，像这样……
<PropertyUtil: 0x7ff0ea92fd90>, {
apiURL = NSURL;
createdAt = NSDate;
files = NSArray;
gistDescription = NSString;
gistId = NSString;
gitPullURL = NSURL;
gitPushURL = NSURL;
htmlURL = NSURL;
isFork = c;
isPublic = c;
numberOfComments = Q;
updatedAt = NSDate;
userLogin = NSString;
}对于苹果公司一直以来对ObjC的“迷宫”自夸的自欺欺人的OCD而言，“自省……他们肯定不会轻易地以这种“眼神”来表现这种简单的“表情”。
如果您真的想狂野地走..签出.. class-dump，这是一种令人难以置信的疯狂方式，可以窥视任何可执行文件的类头，等等……它为您的类提供了详细的外观……我，就个人而言，在很多情况下都可以找到真正有用的方法。实际上，这就是为什么我开始寻求OP的问题的解决方案的原因。这里是一些使用参数..享受！
-a show instance variable offsets
-A show implementation addresses
--arch <arch> choose a specific architecture from a universal binary (ppc, ppc64, i386, x86_64)
-C <regex> only display classes matching regular expression
-f <str> find string in method name
-I sort classes, categories, and protocols by inheritance (overrides -s)
-r recursively expand frameworks and fixed VM shared libraries
-s sort classes and categories by name
-S sort methods by name你有三个魔法
Ivar* ivars = class_copyIvarList(clazz, &count); // to get all iVars
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(clazz, &count); //to get all properties of a class
Method* methods = class_copyMethodList(clazz, &count); // to get all methods of a class.以下代码段可以为您提供帮助。
-(void) displayClassInfo
{
Class clazz = [self class];
u_int count;
Ivar* ivars = class_copyIvarList(clazz, &count);
NSMutableArray* ivarArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:count];
for (int i = 0; i < count ; i++)
{
const char* ivarName = ivar_getName(ivars[i]);
ivarArray addObject:[NSString stringWithCString:ivarName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
}
free(ivars);
objc_property_t* properties = class_copyPropertyList(clazz, &count);
NSMutableArray* propertyArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:count];
for (int i = 0; i < count ; i++)
{
const char* propertyName = property_getName(properties[i]);
[propertyArray addObject:[NSString stringWithCString:propertyName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
}
free(properties);
Method* methods = class_copyMethodList(clazz, &count);
NSMutableArray* methodArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:count];
for (int i = 0; i < count ; i++)
{
SEL selector = method_getName(methods[i]);
const char* methodName = sel_getName(selector);
[methodArray addObject:[NSString stringWithCString:methodName encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
}
free(methods);
NSDictionary* classInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
ivarArray, @"ivars",
propertyArray, @"properties",
methodArray, @"methods",
nil];
NSLog(@"%@", classInfo);
}我使用的是提供的功能boliva，但显然它已停止与iOS 7一起使用。因此，现在可以使用以下功能代替静态const char * getPropertyType（objc_property_t属性）：
- (NSString*) classOfProperty:(NSString*)propName{
objc_property_t prop = class_getProperty([self class], [propName UTF8String]);
if (!prop) {
// doesn't exist for object
return nil;
}
const char * propAttr = property_getAttributes(prop);
NSString *propString = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propAttr];
NSArray *attrArray = [propString componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
NSString *class=[attrArray objectAtIndex:0];
return [[class stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\"" withString:@""] stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"T@" withString:@""];
}对于Swift围观者，您可以通过利用该Encodable功能来获得此功能。我将解释如何：
使对象符合Encodable协议
class ExampleObj: NSObject, Encodable {
var prop1: String = ""
var prop2: String = ""
}创建扩展Encodable以提供toDictionary功能
public func toDictionary() -> [String: AnyObject]? {
let encoder = JSONEncoder()
encoder.outputFormatting = .prettyPrinted
guard let data = try? encoder.encode(self),
let json = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .init(rawValue: 0)), let jsonDict = json as? [String: AnyObject] else {
return nil
}
return jsonDict
}调用toDictionary对象实例和访问keys属性。
let exampleObj = ExampleObj()
exampleObj.toDictionary()?.keys瞧！像这样访问您的属性：
for k in exampleObj!.keys {
print(k)
}
// Prints "prop1"
// Prints "prop2"这些答案很有帮助，但是我需要更多的答案。我要做的就是检查属性的类类型是否等于现有对象的类类型。上面的所有代码均无法执行此操作，因为：为了获取对象的类名，object_getClassName（）返回如下文本：
__NSArrayI (for an NSArray instance)
__NSArrayM (for an NSMutableArray instance)
__NSCFBoolean (an NSNumber object initialized by initWithBool:)
__NSCFNumber (an NSValue object initialized by [NSNumber initWithBool:])但是，如果从上述示例代码中调用getPropertyType（...），则将这样定义的类的属性的4个objc_property_t结构构造为：
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray* a0;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray* a1;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSNumber* n0;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSValue* n1;它分别返回字符串，如下所示：
NSArray
NSArray
NSNumber
NSValue因此，它无法确定NSObject是否能够作为该类的一个属性的值。那怎么办呢？
这是我的完整示例代码（函数getPropertyType（...）与上面相同）：
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@interface FOO : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray* a0;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray* a1;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSNumber* n0;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSValue* n1;
@end
@implementation FOO
@synthesize a0;
@synthesize a1;
@synthesize n0;
@synthesize n1;
@end
static const char *getPropertyType(objc_property_t property) {
const char *attributes = property_getAttributes(property);
//printf("attributes=%s\n", attributes);
char buffer[1 + strlen(attributes)];
strcpy(buffer, attributes);
char *state = buffer, *attribute;
while ((attribute = strsep(&state, ",")) != NULL) {
if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] != '@') {
// it's a C primitive type:
// if you want a list of what will be returned for these primitives, search online for
// "objective-c" "Property Attribute Description Examples"
// apple docs list plenty of examples of what you get for int "i", long "l", unsigned "I", struct, etc.
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 1 length:strlen(attribute) - 1 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@' && strlen(attribute) == 2) {
// it's an ObjC id type:
return "id";
}
else if (attribute[0] == 'T' && attribute[1] == '@') {
// it's another ObjC object type:
NSString *name = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:attribute + 3 length:strlen(attribute) - 4 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
return (const char *)[name cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
}
}
return "";
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
NSArray* a0 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray* a1 = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSNumber* n0 = [[NSNumber alloc] initWithBool:YES];
NSValue* n1 = [[NSNumber alloc] initWithBool:NO];
const char* type0 = object_getClassName(a0);
const char* type1 = object_getClassName(a1);
const char* type2 = object_getClassName(n0);
const char* type3 = object_getClassName(n1);
objc_property_t property0 = class_getProperty(FOO.class, "a0");
objc_property_t property1 = class_getProperty(FOO.class, "a1");
objc_property_t property2 = class_getProperty(FOO.class, "n0");
objc_property_t property3 = class_getProperty(FOO.class, "n1");
const char * memberthype0 = getPropertyType(property0);//property_getAttributes(property0);
const char * memberthype1 = getPropertyType(property1);//property_getAttributes(property1);
const char * memberthype2 = getPropertyType(property2);//property_getAttributes(property0);
const char * memberthype3 = getPropertyType(property3);//property_getAttributes(property1);
NSLog(@"%s", type0);
NSLog(@"%s", type1);
NSLog(@"%s", type2);
NSLog(@"%s", type3);
NSLog(@"%s", memberthype0);
NSLog(@"%s", memberthype1);
NSLog(@"%s", memberthype2);
NSLog(@"%s", memberthype3);
return 0;
}