在Python中,有没有一种好的方法来交错两个相同长度的列表?
说我被给[1,2,3]
和[10,20,30]
。我想把它们变成[1,10,2,20,3,30]
。
Answers:
发布问题后,我意识到我可以简单地执行以下操作:
[val for pair in zip(l1, l2) for val in pair]
这两个列表在哪里l1
和l2
。
如果有N个列表要交织,则
lists = [l1, l2, ...]
[val for tup in zip(*lists) for val in tup]
izip_longest
了python2和zip_longest
为python3`[val for pair in itertools.zip_longest(l1, l2) for val in pair]
结果与['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', None, 'b', None, 'b', None, 'b']
对于Python> = 2.3,有扩展的slice语法:
>>> a = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> b = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> c = a + b
>>> c[::2] = a
>>> c[1::2] = b
>>> c
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
该行c = a + b
用作创建长度正确的新列表的简单方法(在此阶段,其内容并不重要)。接下来的两行完成交织的实际工作,a
并且b
:第一行将的元素分配给的a
所有偶数索引c
;第二个将的元素分配给的b
所有奇数索引c
。
给定
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [10, 20, 30]
c = [100, 200, 300, 999]
码
假设列表的长度相等,则可以使用itertools.chain
和获得交错列表zip
:
import itertools
list(itertools.chain(*zip(a, b)))
# [1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
备择方案
更一般地,对于不相等的列表,请使用zip_longest
(推荐):
[x for x in itertools.chain(*itertools.zip_longest(a, c)) if x is not None]
# [1, 100, 2, 200, 3, 300, 999]
可以安全地交错许多列表:
[x for x in itertools.chain(*itertools.zip_longest(a, b, c)) if x is not None]
# [1, 10, 100, 2, 20, 200, 3, 30, 300, 999]
附带roundrobin
itertools配方interleave
和的库interleave_longest
。
import more_itertools
list(more_itertools.roundrobin(a, b))
# [1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
list(more_itertools.interleave(a, b))
# [1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
list(more_itertools.interleave_longest(a, c))
# [1, 100, 2, 200, 3, 300, 999]
yield from
最后,对于Python 3中的一些有趣的东西(尽管不推荐):
list(filter(None, ((yield from x) for x in zip(a, b))))
# [1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
list([(yield from x) for x in zip(a, b)])
# [1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
+使用安装pip install more_itertools
我需要一种方法来处理不同大小的列表,但接受的答案无法解决。
我的解决方案使用生成器,由于它的使用,它的用法看起来更好一些:
def interleave(l1, l2):
iter1 = iter(l1)
iter2 = iter(l2)
while True:
try:
if iter1 is not None:
yield next(iter1)
except StopIteration:
iter1 = None
try:
if iter2 is not None:
yield next(iter2)
except StopIteration:
iter2 = None
if iter1 is None and iter2 is None:
raise StopIteration()
及其用法:
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> b = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']
>>> list(interleave(a, b))
[1, 'a', 2, 'b', 3, 'c', 4, 'd', 5, 'e', 'f', 'g']
>>> list(interleave(b, a))
['a', 1, 'b', 2, 'c', 3, 'd', 4, 'e', 5, 'f', 'g']
roundrobin
配方itertools
是对此的更一般的扩展。
选择:
>>> l1=[1,2,3]
>>> l2=[10,20,30]
>>> [y for x in map(None,l1,l2) for y in x if y is not None]
[1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
这是可行的,因为地图可以并行处理列表。它在2.2下的工作原理相同。None
作为调用函数,它本身map
会生成一个元组列表:
>>> map(None,l1,l2,'abcd')
[(1, 10, 'a'), (2, 20, 'b'), (3, 30, 'c'), (None, None, 'd')]
然后只需将元组列表弄平。
当然,优点是map
适用于任意数量的列表,即使长度不同也可以使用:
>>> l1=[1,2,3]
>>> l2=[10,20,30]
>>> l3=[101,102,103,104]
>>> [y for x in map(None,l1,l2,l3) for y in x if y in not None]
[1, 10, 101, 2, 20, 102, 3, 30, 103, 104]
if y
也会过滤掉0
,if y is not None
不那么脆弱。
我最喜欢aix的解决方案。这是我认为应该在2.2中工作的另一种方式:
>>> x=range(3)
>>> x
[0, 1, 2]
>>> y=range(7,10)
>>> y
[7, 8, 9]
>>> sum(zip(x,y),[])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "tuple") to list
>>> sum(map(list,zip(x,y)),[])
[0, 7, 1, 8, 2, 9]
还有另一种方法:
>>> a=[x,y]
>>> [a[i][j] for j in range(3) for i in (0,1)]
[0, 7, 1, 8, 2, 9]
和:
>>> sum((list(i) for i in zip(x,y)),[])
[0, 7, 1, 8, 2, 9]
[el for el in itertools.chain(*itertools.izip_longest([1,2,3], [4,5])) if el is not None]
只要没有None
,就想保留
要回答“在Python中交织相同长度的多个列表”的问题标题,我们可以概括@ekhumoro的2列表答案。这明确要求列表长度相同,这与@NPE的(优雅)解决方案不同
import itertools
def interleave(lists):
"""Interleave a list of lists.
:param lists: List of lists; each inner length must be the same length.
:returns: interleaved single list
:rtype: list
"""
if len(set(len(_) for _ in lists)) > 1:
raise ValueError("Lists are not all the same length!")
joint = list(itertools.chain(*lists))
for l_idx, li in enumerate(lists):
joint[l_idx::len(lists)] = li
return joint
例子:
>>> interleave([[0,2,4], [1, 3, 5]])
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> interleave([[0,2,4], [1, 3, 5], [10, 11, 12]])
[0, 1, 10, 2, 3, 11, 4, 5, 12]
>>> interleave([[0,2,4], [1, 3, 5], [10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15]])
[0, 1, 10, 13, 2, 3, 11, 14, 4, 5, 12, 15]
>>> interleave([[0,2,4], [1, 3, 5], [10, 11, 12], [13, 14]])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 10, in interleave
ValueError: Lists are not all the same length!
>>> interleave([[0,2,4]])
[0, 2, 4]
参加聚会太晚了,有很多好的答案,但是我也想使用extend()
方法提供一个简单的解决方案:
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [10, 20, 30]
new_list = []
for i in range(len(list1)):
new_list.extend([list1[i], list2[i]])
print(new_list)
输出:
[1, 10, 2, 20, 3, 30]
it = iter(l1); list((yield next(it)) or i for i in l2)