在启动Selenium客户端之前,是否有人知道Selenium(最好是WebDriver)是否能够与已经运行的浏览器进行通信并通过其运行?
我的意思是,如果Selenium能够在不使用Selenium Server的情况下与浏览器进行通讯(例如,可能是手动启动的Internet Explorer)。
在启动Selenium客户端之前,是否有人知道Selenium(最好是WebDriver)是否能够与已经运行的浏览器进行通信并通过其运行?
我的意思是,如果Selenium能够在不使用Selenium Server的情况下与浏览器进行通讯(例如,可能是手动启动的Internet Explorer)。
Answers:
这是一个非常古老的功能请求:允许webdriver附加到正在运行的浏览器。因此正式不支持。
但是,有一些工作代码声称支持此功能:https : //web.archive.org/web/20171214043703/http : //tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/。
这是重复的答案**重新连接到python selenium中的驱动程序**这适用于所有驱动程序和Java api。
driver = webdriver.Firefox() #python
url = driver.command_executor._url #"http://127.0.0.1:60622/hub"
session_id = driver.session_id #'4e167f26-dc1d-4f51-a207-f761eaf73c31'
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url,desired_capabilities={})
driver.close() # this prevents the dummy browser
driver.session_id = session_id
并且您再次连接到您的驱动程序。
driver.get("http://www.mrsmart.in")
driver.close()
在更新会话ID之前先调用即可。
此代码段成功允许重用现有浏览器实例,但又避免了生成重复的浏览器。在Tarun Lalwani的博客中找到。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# executor_url = driver.command_executor._url
# session_id = driver.session_id
def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
original_execute = WebDriver.execute
def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
if command == "newSession":
# Mock the response
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
else:
return original_execute(self, command, params)
# Patch the function before creating the driver object
WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities={})
driver.session_id = session_id
# Replace the patched function with original function
WebDriver.execute = original_execute
return driver
bro = attach_to_session('http://127.0.0.1:64092', '8de24f3bfbec01ba0d82a7946df1d1c3')
bro.get('http://ya.ru/')
# session_id = driver.session_id
使用python selenium api检索Chrome窗口的会话ID的方式。我猜想chrome会话中的每个标签都没有唯一的ID。
有可能的。但是您需要稍微修改一下,这里有一个代码您需要做的是运行独立服务器并“修补” RemoteWebDriver
public class CustomRemoteWebDriver : RemoteWebDriver
{
public static bool newSession;
public static string capPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionCap");
public static string sessiodIdPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionid");
public CustomRemoteWebDriver(Uri remoteAddress)
: base(remoteAddress, new DesiredCapabilities())
{
}
protected override Response Execute(DriverCommand driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
if (driverCommandToExecute == DriverCommand.NewSession)
{
if (!newSession)
{
var capText = File.ReadAllText(capPath);
var sidText = File.ReadAllText(sessiodIdPath);
var cap = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(capText);
return new Response
{
SessionId = sidText,
Value = cap
};
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
var dictionary = (Dictionary<string, object>) response.Value;
File.WriteAllText(capPath, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dictionary));
File.WriteAllText(sessiodIdPath, response.SessionId);
return response;
}
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
return response;
}
}
}
硒似乎没有正式支持此功能。但是,塔伦·拉尔瓦尼(Tarun Lalwani)已经创建了可工作的Java代码来提供该功能。请参阅-http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/
这是从上面的链接复制的工作示例代码:
public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final SessionId sessionId, URL command_executor){
CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
Response response = null;
if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
response = new Response();
response.setSessionId(sessionId.toString());
response.setStatus(0);
response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
try {
Field commandCodec = null;
commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());
Field responseCodec = null;
responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
response = super.execute(command);
}
return response;
}
};
return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
RemoteWebDriver driver2 = createDriverFromSession(session_id, url);
driver2.get("http://tarunlalwani.com");
}
您的测试需要从现有的浏览器会话中创建RemoteWebDriver。要创建该驱动程序,您只需要知道“会话信息”,即运行浏览器的服务器地址(在本例中为本地)和浏览器会话ID。为了获得这些详细信息,我们可以使用硒创建一个浏览器会话,打开所需的页面,然后最终运行实际的测试脚本。
我不知道是否有一种方法来获取不是由硒创建的会话的会话信息。
这是会话信息的示例:
远程服务器地址:http:// localhost:24266。每个会话的端口号不同。会话ID:534c7b561aacdd6dc319f60fed27d9d6。
受埃里克(Eric)的回答启发,这是我针对硒3.7.0的解决方案。与http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium/上的解决方案相比,优点是每次连接到现有会话时浏览器窗口都不会空白。
import warnings
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from selenium.webdriver.remote.mobile import Mobile
from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from selenium.webdriver.remote.switch_to import SwitchTo
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# This webdriver can directly attach to an existing session.
class AttachableWebDriver(WebDriver):
def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
keep_alive=False, file_detector=None, session_id=None):
"""
Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.
:Args:
- command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
- desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
starting the browser session. Required parameter.
- browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
- proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
- keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to False.
- file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
"""
if desired_capabilities is None:
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities can't be None")
if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
if proxy is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set proxy",
DeprecationWarning)
proxy.add_to_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
self.command_executor = command_executor
if type(self.command_executor) is bytes or isinstance(self.command_executor, str):
self.command_executor = RemoteConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)
self.command_executor._commands['GET_SESSION'] = ('GET', '/session/$sessionId') # added
self._is_remote = True
self.session_id = session_id # added
self.capabilities = {}
self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
self.start_client()
if browser_profile is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
DeprecationWarning)
if session_id:
self.connect_to_session(desired_capabilities) # added
else:
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
self._mobile = Mobile(self)
self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
self.w3c = True # added hardcoded
def connect_to_session(self, desired_capabilities):
response = self.execute('GET_SESSION', {
'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
'sessionId': self.session_id,
})
# self.session_id = response['sessionId']
self.capabilities = response['value']
要使用它:
if use_existing_session:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER),
session_id=session_id)
self.logger.info("Using existing browser with session id {}".format(session_id))
else:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER))
self.logger.info('New session_id : {}'.format(browser.session_id))
到目前为止,所有解决方案都缺少某些功能。这是我的解决方案:
public class AttachedWebDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {
public AttachedWebDriver(URL url, String sessionId) {
super();
setSessionId(sessionId);
setCommandExecutor(new HttpCommandExecutor(url) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
if (command.getName() != "newSession") {
return super.execute(command);
}
return super.execute(new Command(getSessionId(), "getCapabilities"));
}
});
startSession(new DesiredCapabilities());
}
}
JavaScript解决方案:
我已使用此功能成功附加到现有浏览器会话
webdriver.WebDriver.attachToSession(executor, session_id);
文档可以在这里找到。
我在python中找到了解决方案,我修改了发现的PersistenBrowser类上的webdriver类。
https://github.com/axelPalmerin/personal/commit/fabddb38a39f378aa113b0cb8d33391d5f91dca5
替换webdriver模块/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py
j 使用:
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
runDriver = sys.argv[1]
sessionId = sys.argv[2]
def setBrowser():
if eval(runDriver):
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
)
else:
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
session_id=sessionId)
url = webdriver.command_executor._url
session_id = webdriver.session_id
print url
print session_id
return webdriver
我正在使用Rails +黄瓜+ Selenium Webdriver + PhantomJS,并且我一直在使用猴子补丁版本的Selenium Webdriver,它使PhantomJS浏览器在两次测试运行之间保持打开状态。请参阅此博客文章:http : //blog.sharetribe.com/2014/04/07/faster-cucumber-startup-keep-phantomjs-browser-open-between-tests/
另请参阅我对本文的回答:如何从红宝石文件在已打开的浏览器中执行命令
使用JavaScriptselenium-webdriver
客户端,这非常简单:
首先,请确保您正在运行WebDriver服务器。例如,下载ChromeDriver,然后运行chromedriver --port=9515
。
第二,像这样创建驱动程序:
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515') // <- this
.build();
这是一个完整的示例:
var webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
.build();
driver.get('http://www.google.com');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click();
driver.getTitle().then(function(title) {
console.log(title);
});
driver.quit();