.NET WPF记住会话之间的窗口大小

基本上，当用户调整我的应用程序窗口的大小时，我希望当再次重新打开应用程序时，应用程序具有相同的大小。

起初我虽然处理SizeChanged事件并保存Height和Width，但我认为必须有更简单的解决方案。

很简单的问题，但是我找不到简单的解决方案。

将值保存在user.config文件中。

您需要在设置文件中创建值-它应该在Properties文件夹中。创建五个值：

• Top 类型的 double
• Left 类型的 double
• Height 类型的 double
• Width 类型的 double
• Maximized类型bool-保持窗口是否最大化。如果要存储更多信息，则将需要其他类型或结构。

将前两个初始化为0，后两个初始化为应用程序的默认大小，最后一个初始化为false。

创建一个Window_OnSourceInitialized事件处理程序并添加以下内容：

this.Top = Properties.Settings.Default.Top;
this.Left = Properties.Settings.Default.Left;
this.Height = Properties.Settings.Default.Height;
this.Width = Properties.Settings.Default.Width;
// Very quick and dirty - but it does the job
if (Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized)
{
    WindowState = WindowState.Maximized;
}

注意：设置的窗口位置需要进入窗口的源初始化事件，而不是构造函数，否则，如果您在第二个监视器上最大化了窗口，它将始终在主监视器上最大化重启，您将无法访问它。

创建一个Window_Closing事件处理程序并添加以下内容：

if (WindowState == WindowState.Maximized)
{
    // Use the RestoreBounds as the current values will be 0, 0 and the size of the screen
    Properties.Settings.Default.Top = RestoreBounds.Top;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Left = RestoreBounds.Left;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Height = RestoreBounds.Height;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Width = RestoreBounds.Width;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized = true;
}
else
{
    Properties.Settings.Default.Top = this.Top;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Left = this.Left;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Height = this.Height;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Width = this.Width;
    Properties.Settings.Default.Maximized = false;
}

Properties.Settings.Default.Save();

如果在关闭应用程序时用户通过断开屏幕连接或更改屏幕分辨率来缩小显示区域，则此操作将失败，因此在应用这些值之前，应添加一个检查，确认所需的位置和大小仍然有效。

实际上，您不需要使用代码隐藏来执行此操作（保存设置除外）。您可以使用自定义标记扩展将窗口的大小和位置绑定到如下设置：

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:my="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        Title="Window1"
        Height="{my:SettingBinding Height}"
        Width="{my:SettingBinding Width}"
        Left="{my:SettingBinding Left}"
        Top="{my:SettingBinding Top}">

您可以在此处找到此标记扩展的代码：http : //www.thomaslevesque.com/2008/11/18/wpf-binding-to-application-settings-using-a-markup-extension/

尽管您可以“自己动手”并手动将设置保存在某个位置，并且通常可以使用，但是很容易无法正确处理所有情况。最好让操作系统为您完成工作，方法是在退出时调用GetWindowPlacement（），在启动时调用SetWindowPlacement（）。它处理所有可能发生的疯狂情况（多个监视器，如果在最大化时关闭了窗口，则保存窗口的正常大小，等等），这样就不必这样做。

此MSDN示例展示了如何在WPF应用程序中使用它们。该示例并不完美（第一次运行时，窗口将在左上角尽可能小地开始，并且设置设计器保存type值时会出现一些奇怪的现象WINDOWPLACEMENT），但它至少应该可以帮助您开始。

Thomas在上面发布的“长格式”绑定几乎不需要编码，只需确保您具有名称空间绑定即可：

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:p="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1.Properties"
        Title="Window1"
        Height="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Height, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Width="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Width, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Left="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Left, Mode=TwoWay}"
        Top="{Binding Source={x:Static p:Settings.Default}, Path=Top, Mode=TwoWay}">

然后保存在后面的代码中：

private void frmMain_Closed(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Properties.Settings.Default.Save();
}

另外，您可能也喜欢以下方法（请参阅参考资料）。将WindowSettings类添加到您的项目中，然后插入WindowSettings.Save="True"主窗口的标题中：

<Window x:Class="YOURPROJECT.Views.ShellView"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:Services="clr-namespace:YOURNAMESPACE.Services" 
    Services:WindowSettings.Save="True">

WindowSettings的定义如下：

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Windows;

namespace YOURNAMESPACE.Services
{
/// <summary>
///   Persists a Window's Size, Location and WindowState to UserScopeSettings
/// </summary>
public class WindowSettings
{
    #region Fields

    /// <summary>
    ///   Register the "Save" attached property and the "OnSaveInvalidated" callback
    /// </summary>
    public static readonly DependencyProperty SaveProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Save", typeof (bool), typeof (WindowSettings), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(OnSaveInvalidated));

    private readonly Window mWindow;

    private WindowApplicationSettings mWindowApplicationSettings;

    #endregion Fields

    #region Constructors

    public WindowSettings(Window pWindow) { mWindow = pWindow; }

    #endregion Constructors

    #region Properties

    [Browsable(false)] public WindowApplicationSettings Settings {
        get {
            if (mWindowApplicationSettings == null) mWindowApplicationSettings = CreateWindowApplicationSettingsInstance();
            return mWindowApplicationSettings;
        }
    }

    #endregion Properties

    #region Methods

    public static void SetSave(DependencyObject pDependencyObject, bool pEnabled) { pDependencyObject.SetValue(SaveProperty, pEnabled); }

    protected virtual WindowApplicationSettings CreateWindowApplicationSettingsInstance() { return new WindowApplicationSettings(this); }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Load the Window Size Location and State from the settings object
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void LoadWindowState() {
        Settings.Reload();
        if (Settings.Location != Rect.Empty) {
            mWindow.Left = Settings.Location.Left;
            mWindow.Top = Settings.Location.Top;
            mWindow.Width = Settings.Location.Width;
            mWindow.Height = Settings.Location.Height;
        }
        if (Settings.WindowState != WindowState.Maximized) mWindow.WindowState = Settings.WindowState;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Save the Window Size, Location and State to the settings object
    /// </summary>
    protected virtual void SaveWindowState() {
        Settings.WindowState = mWindow.WindowState;
        Settings.Location = mWindow.RestoreBounds;
        Settings.Save();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///   Called when Save is changed on an object.
    /// </summary>
    private static void OnSaveInvalidated(DependencyObject pDependencyObject, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs pDependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs) {
        var window = pDependencyObject as Window;
        if (window != null)
            if ((bool) pDependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs.NewValue) {
                var settings = new WindowSettings(window);
                settings.Attach();
            }
    }

    private void Attach() {
        if (mWindow != null) {
            mWindow.Closing += WindowClosing;
            mWindow.Initialized += WindowInitialized;
            mWindow.Loaded += WindowLoaded;
        }
    }

    private void WindowClosing(object pSender, CancelEventArgs pCancelEventArgs) { SaveWindowState(); }

    private void WindowInitialized(object pSender, EventArgs pEventArgs) { LoadWindowState(); }

    private void WindowLoaded(object pSender, RoutedEventArgs pRoutedEventArgs) { if (Settings.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized) mWindow.WindowState = Settings.WindowState; }

    #endregion Methods

    #region Nested Types

    public class WindowApplicationSettings : ApplicationSettingsBase
    {
        #region Constructors

        public WindowApplicationSettings(WindowSettings pWindowSettings) { }

        #endregion Constructors

        #region Properties

        [UserScopedSetting] public Rect Location {
            get {
                if (this["Location"] != null) return ((Rect) this["Location"]);
                return Rect.Empty;
            }
            set { this["Location"] = value; }
        }

        [UserScopedSetting] public WindowState WindowState {
            get {
                if (this["WindowState"] != null) return (WindowState) this["WindowState"];
                return WindowState.Normal;
            }
            set { this["WindowState"] = value; }
        }

        #endregion Properties
    }

    #endregion Nested Types
}
}

解决该问题的默认方法是使用设置文件。设置文件的问题在于，您必须定义所有设置，并编写自己来回复制数据的代码。如果您有很多要跟踪的属性，那将非常乏味。

为此，我制作了一个非常灵活且非常易于使用的库，您只需告诉它要跟踪哪个对象的属性，其余的就可以完成。您也可以根据需要配置废话。

该库称为Jot（github），这是我写过的有关CodeProject的旧文章。

使用它来跟踪窗口的大小和位置的方法如下：

public MainWindow()
{
    InitializeComponent();

    _stateTracker.Configure(this)
        .IdentifyAs("MyMainWindow")
        .AddProperties(nameof(Height), nameof(Width), nameof(Left), nameof(Top), nameof(WindowState))
        .RegisterPersistTrigger(nameof(Closed))
        .Apply();
}

Jot与设置文件：使用Jot时，代码要少得多，而且出错的可能性也要少得多，因为您只需提及每个属性一次。使用设置文件时，您需要提及每个属性5次：显式创建属性时需要提及一次，而在代码中来回复制这些值需要另外提及4次。

存储，序列化等都是完全可配置的。同样，在使用IOC时，您甚至可以将其连接起来，以便它将跟踪自动应用到它解析的所有对象，以便使属性持久化所需要做的就是在其上拍一个[Trackable]属性。

我之所以这么写，是因为我认为图书馆是一流的，我想听听一下。

我写了一个快速的课程来做到这一点。这是怎么称呼的：

    public MainWindow()
    {
        FormSizeSaver.RegisterForm(this, () => Settings.Default.MainWindowSettings,
                                   s =>
                                   {
                                       Settings.Default.MainWindowSettings = s;
                                       Settings.Default.Save();
                                   });
        InitializeComponent();
        ...

这是代码：

public class FormSizeSaver
{
    private readonly Window window;
    private readonly Func<FormSizeSaverSettings> getSetting;
    private readonly Action<FormSizeSaverSettings> saveSetting;
    private FormSizeSaver(Window window, Func<string> getSetting, Action<string> saveSetting)
    {
        this.window = window;
        this.getSetting = () => FormSizeSaverSettings.FromString(getSetting());
        this.saveSetting = s => saveSetting(s.ToString());

        window.Initialized += InitializedHandler;
        window.StateChanged += StateChangedHandler;
        window.SizeChanged += SizeChangedHandler;
        window.LocationChanged += LocationChangedHandler;
    }

    public static FormSizeSaver RegisterForm(Window window, Func<string> getSetting, Action<string> saveSetting)
    {
        return new FormSizeSaver(window, getSetting, saveSetting);
    }


    private void SizeChangedHandler(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        s.Height = e.NewSize.Height;
        s.Width = e.NewSize.Width;
        saveSetting(s);
    }

    private void StateChangedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        if (window.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized)
        {
            if (!s.Maximized)
            {
                s.Maximized = true;
                saveSetting(s);
            }
        }
        else if (window.WindowState == WindowState.Normal)
        {
            if (s.Maximized)
            {
                s.Maximized = false;
                saveSetting(s);
            }
        }
    }

    private void InitializedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        window.WindowState = s.Maximized ? WindowState.Maximized : WindowState.Normal;

        if (s.Height != 0 && s.Width != 0)
        {
            window.Height = s.Height;
            window.Width = s.Width;
            window.WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual;
            window.Left = s.XLoc;
            window.Top = s.YLoc;
        }
    }

    private void LocationChangedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var s = getSetting();
        s.XLoc = window.Left;
        s.YLoc = window.Top;
        saveSetting(s);
    }
}

[Serializable]
internal class FormSizeSaverSettings
{
    public double Height, Width, YLoc, XLoc;
    public bool Maximized;

    public override string ToString()
    {
        using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
        {
            var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            bf.Serialize(ms, this);
            ms.Position = 0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)ms.Length];
            ms.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(buffer);
        }
    }

    internal static FormSizeSaverSettings FromString(string value)
    {
        try
        {
            using (var ms = new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String(value)))
            {
                var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
                return (FormSizeSaverSettings) bf.Deserialize(ms);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return new FormSizeSaverSettings();
        }
    }
}

在github上有一个NuGet项目RestoreWindowPlace为您完成所有这些工作，并将信息保存在XML文件中。

要使其在窗口上工作，就像调用一样简单：

((App)Application.Current).WindowPlace.Register(this);

在App中，您可以创建管理窗口的类。有关更多信息，请参见上面的github链接。

您可能会这样：

public class WindowStateHelper
{
    public static string ToXml(System.Windows.Window win)
    {
        XElement bounds = new XElement("Bounds");
        if (win.WindowState == System.Windows.WindowState.Maximized)
        {
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Top", win.RestoreBounds.Top));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Left", win.RestoreBounds.Left));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Height", win.RestoreBounds.Height));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Width", win.RestoreBounds.Width));
        }
        else
        {
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Top", win.Top));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Left", win.Left));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Height", win.Height));
            bounds.Add(new XElement("Width", win.Width));
        }
        XElement root = new XElement("WindowState",
            new XElement("State", win.WindowState.ToString()),
            new XElement("Visibility", win.Visibility.ToString()),
            bounds);

        return root.ToString();
    }

    public static void FromXml(string xml, System.Windows.Window win)
    {
        try
        {
            XElement root = XElement.Parse(xml);
            string state = root.Descendants("State").FirstOrDefault().Value;
            win.WindowState = (System.Windows.WindowState)Enum.Parse(typeof(System.Windows.WindowState), state);

            state = root.Descendants("Visibility").FirstOrDefault().Value;
            win.Visibility = (System.Windows.Visibility)Enum.Parse(typeof(System.Windows.Visibility), state);

            XElement bounds = root.Descendants("Bounds").FirstOrDefault();
            win.Top = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Top").Value);
            win.Left = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Left").Value);
            win.Height = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Height").Value);
            win.Width = Convert.ToDouble(bounds.Element("Width").Value);
        }
        catch (Exception x)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(x.ToString());
        }
    }
}

当应用关闭时：

        Properties.Settings.Default.Win1Placement = WindowStateHelper.ToXml(win1);
        Properties.Settings.Default.Win2Placement = WindowStateHelper.ToXml(win2);
        ...

应用启动时：

        WindowStateHelper.FromXml(Properties.Settings.Default.Win1Placement, win1);
        WindowStateHelper.FromXml(Properties.Settings.Default.Win2Placement, win2);
        ...

在默认设置中创建一个名为WindowXml的字符串。

在“窗口已加载”和“关闭”事件上使用此扩展方法可以还原和保存窗口的大小和位置。

using YourProject.Properties;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace YourProject.Extensions
{
    public static class WindowExtensions
    {
        public static void SaveSizeAndLocation(this Window w)
        {
            try
            {
                var s = "<W>";
                s += GetNode("Top", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Top : w.Top);
                s += GetNode("Left", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Left : w.Left);
                s += GetNode("Height", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Height : w.Height);
                s += GetNode("Width", w.WindowState == WindowState.Maximized ? w.RestoreBounds.Width : w.Width);
                s += GetNode("WindowState", w.WindowState);
                s += "</W>";

                Settings.Default.WindowXml = s;
                Settings.Default.Save();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        public static void RestoreSizeAndLocation(this Window w)
        {
            try
            {
                var xd = XDocument.Parse(Settings.Default.WindowXml);
                w.WindowState = (WindowState)Enum.Parse(typeof(WindowState), xd.Descendants("WindowState").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Top = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Top").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Left = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Left").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Height = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Height").FirstOrDefault().Value);
                w.Width = Convert.ToDouble(xd.Descendants("Width").FirstOrDefault().Value);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        private static string GetNode(string name, object value)
        {
            return string.Format("<{0}>{1}</{0}>", name, value);
        }
    }
}

我正在使用Lance Cleveland的答案并绑定设置。但是我使用更多代码来避免我的窗口超出屏幕。

private void SetWindowSettingsIntoScreenArea()
{
    // first detect Screen, where we will display the Window
    // second correct bottom and right position
    // then the top and left position.
    // If Size is bigger than current Screen, it's still possible to move and size the Window

    // get the screen to display the window
    var screen = System.Windows.Forms.Screen.FromPoint(new System.Drawing.Point((int)Default.Left, (int)Default.Top));

    // is bottom position out of screen for more than 1/3 Height of Window?
    if (Default.Top + (Default.Height / 3) > screen.WorkingArea.Height)
        Default.Top = screen.WorkingArea.Height - Default.Height;

    // is right position out of screen for more than 1/2 Width of Window?
    if (Default.Left + (Default.Width / 2) > screen.WorkingArea.Width)
        Default.Left = screen.WorkingArea.Width - Default.Width;

    // is top position out of screen?
    if (Default.Top < screen.WorkingArea.Top)
        Default.Top = screen.WorkingArea.Top;

    // is left position out of screen?
    if (Default.Left < screen.WorkingArea.Left)
        Default.Left = screen.WorkingArea.Left;
}

我根据RandomEngys出色的答案提出了一个更通用的解决方案。它将位置保存到正在运行的文件夹中的文件，并且您无需为创建的每个新窗口创建新属性。这种解决方案对我来说非常有用，因为后面的代码最少。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace WindowPlacementNameSpace
{

    // RECT structure required by WINDOWPLACEMENT structure
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct RECT
    {
        public int Left;
        public int Top;
        public int Right;
        public int Bottom;

        public RECT(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
        {
            this.Left = left;
            this.Top = top;
            this.Right = right;
            this.Bottom = bottom;
        }
    }

    // POINT structure required by WINDOWPLACEMENT structure
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct POINT
    {
        public int X;
        public int Y;

        public POINT(int x, int y)
        {
            this.X = x;
            this.Y = y;
        }
    }

    // WINDOWPLACEMENT stores the position, size, and state of a window
    [Serializable]
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct WINDOWPLACEMENT
    {
        public int length;
        public int flags;
        public int showCmd;
        public POINT minPosition;
        public POINT maxPosition;
        public RECT normalPosition;
    }

    public static class WindowPlacement
    {
        private static readonly Encoding Encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        private static readonly XmlSerializer Serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT));

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool SetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, [In] ref WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool GetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, out WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl);

        private const int SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
        private const int SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2;

        private static void SetPlacement(IntPtr windowHandle, string placementXml)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(placementXml))
            {
                return;
            }

            byte[] xmlBytes = Encoding.GetBytes(placementXml);

            try
            {
                WINDOWPLACEMENT placement;
                using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(xmlBytes))
                {
                    placement = (WINDOWPLACEMENT)Serializer.Deserialize(memoryStream);
                }

                placement.length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT));
                placement.flags = 0;
                placement.showCmd = (placement.showCmd == SW_SHOWMINIMIZED ? SW_SHOWNORMAL : placement.showCmd);
                SetWindowPlacement(windowHandle, ref placement);
            }
            catch (InvalidOperationException)
            {
                // Parsing placement XML failed. Fail silently.
            }
        }

        private static string GetPlacement(IntPtr windowHandle)
        {
            WINDOWPLACEMENT placement;
            GetWindowPlacement(windowHandle, out placement);

            using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                using (XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(memoryStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                {
                    Serializer.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, placement);
                    byte[] xmlBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
                    return Encoding.GetString(xmlBytes);
                }
            }
        }
        public static void ApplyPlacement(this Window window)
        {
            var className = window.GetType().Name;
            try
            {
                var pos = File.ReadAllText(Directory + "\\" + className + ".pos");
                SetPlacement(new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle, pos);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Log.Error("Couldn't read position for " + className, exception);
            }

        }

        public static void SavePlacement(this Window window)
        {
            var className = window.GetType().Name;
            var pos =  GetPlacement(new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle);
            try
            {
                File.WriteAllText(Directory + "\\" + className + ".pos", pos);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Log.Error("Couldn't write position for " + className, exception);
            }
        }
        private static string Directory => Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);

    }
}

在后面的代码中，添加这两种方法

///This method is save the actual position of the window to file "WindowName.pos"
private void ClosingTrigger(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.SavePlacement();
}
///This method is load the actual position of the window from the file
protected override void OnSourceInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
    base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
    this.ApplyPlacement();
}

在xaml窗口中添加

Closing="ClosingTrigger"