Answers:
如果您使用std::string
,请致电length()
:
std::string str = "hello";
std::cout << str << ":" << str.length();
// Outputs "hello:5"
如果您使用的是C字符串,请致电strlen()
。
const char *str = "hello";
std::cout << str << ":" << strlen(str);
// Outputs "hello:5"
或者,如果您碰巧喜欢使用Pascal样式的字符串(或f *****字符串,如Joel Spolsky 希望在它们具有尾随NULL时调用它们),只需取消引用第一个字符即可。
const char *str = "\005hello";
std::cout << str + 1 << ":" << *str;
// Outputs "hello:5"
std::size_t
。
在处理C ++字符串(std :: string)时,您正在寻找length()或size()。两者都应为您提供相同的价值。但是,在处理C样式字符串时,应使用strlen()。
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
std::string str = "Hello!";
const char *otherstr = "Hello!"; // C-Style string
std::cout << str.size() << std::endl;
std::cout << str.length() << std::endl;
std::cout << strlen(otherstr) << std::endl; // C way for string length
std::cout << strlen(str.c_str()) << std::endl; // convert C++ string to C-string then call strlen
return 0;
}
输出:
6
6
6
6
这取决于您在说什么字符串类型。字符串有很多类型:
const char*
-C样式的多字节字符串const wchar_t*
-C风格的宽弦std::string
-“标准”多字节字符串std::wstring
-“标准”宽字符串对于3和4,可以使用.size()
或.length()
方法。
对于1,可以使用strlen()
,但是必须确保字符串变量不是NULL(=== 0)
对于2,可以使用wcslen()
,但是必须确保字符串变量不是NULL(=== 0)
非标准C ++库中还有其他字符串类型,例如MFC CString
,ATL CComBSTR
,ACE ACE_CString
等等,并带有诸如的方法.GetLength()
。我不记得这些细节了。
该STLSoft图书馆已经抽象出这一切与他们所谓的串接入垫片,可以用来从任何类型的字符串长度(和其他方面)。因此,对于上述所有(包括非标准库的库)都使用相同的函数stlsoft::c_str_len()
。本文介绍了这是如何工作的,因为它并非一目了然或简单。
此处已解决了几个答案,.length()
这些错误给出了多字节字符错误的结果,但是有11个答案,但没有一个提供解决方案。
首先,重要的是要了解“长度”的含义。例如,考虑字符串“ Z͉̳̺ͥͬ̾a̴͕̲̒̒͌̋ͪl̨͎̰̘͉̟ͤ̀̈̚͜g͕͔̤͖̟̒͝ͅo̵̡̡̼͚̐ͯ̅ͪ̆ͣ̚”(请注意,某些语言(尤其是泰语)实际上使用了组合变音符号,因此这不仅对15岁的模因有用,但显然这是最重要的用例) 。假设它以UTF-8编码。我们可以通过3种方式讨论此字符串的长度:
00000000: 5acd a5cd accc becd 89cc b3cc ba61 cc92 Z............a..
00000010: cc92 cd8c cc8b cdaa ccb4 cd95 ccb2 6ccd ..............l.
00000020: a4cc 80cc 9acc 88cd 9ccc a8cd 8ecc b0cc ................
00000030: 98cd 89cc 9f67 cc92 cd9d cd85 cd95 cd94 .....g..........
00000040: cca4 cd96 cc9f 6fcc 90cd afcc 9acc 85cd ......o.........
00000050: aacc 86cd a3cc a1cc b5cc a1cc bccd 9a ...............
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW
COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE
COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R
COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE
LATIN SMALL LETTER A
COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY
COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW
COMBINING LOW LINE
COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE
COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE
COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE
COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H
LATIN SMALL LETTER L
COMBINING OGONEK
COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW
COMBINING TILDE BELOW
COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW
COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW
COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E
COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT
COMBINING DIAERESIS
COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW
LATIN SMALL LETTER G
COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW
COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW
COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW
COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW
COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE
COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE
COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI
LATIN SMALL LETTER O
COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY
COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW
COMBINING DOUBLE RING BELOW
COMBINING CANDRABINDU
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X
COMBINING OVERLINE
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H
COMBINING BREVE
COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A
COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
Z with some s**t
a with some s**t
l with some s**t
g with some s**t
o with some s**t
ICU有C ++类,但是它们需要转换为UTF-16。您可以直接使用C类型和宏来获得一些UTF-8支持:
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <unicode/utypes.h>
#include <unicode/ubrk.h>
#include <unicode/utext.h>
//
// C++ helpers so we can use RAII
//
// Note that ICU internally provides some C++ wrappers (such as BreakIterator), however these only seem to work
// for UTF-16 strings, and require transforming UTF-8 to UTF-16 before use.
// If you already have UTF-16 strings or can take the performance hit, you should probably use those instead of
// the C functions. See: http://icu-project.org/apiref/icu4c/
//
struct UTextDeleter { void operator()(UText* ptr) { utext_close(ptr); } };
struct UBreakIteratorDeleter { void operator()(UBreakIterator* ptr) { ubrk_close(ptr); } };
using PUText = std::unique_ptr<UText, UTextDeleter>;
using PUBreakIterator = std::unique_ptr<UBreakIterator, UBreakIteratorDeleter>;
void checkStatus(const UErrorCode status)
{
if(U_FAILURE(status))
{
throw std::runtime_error(u_errorName(status));
}
}
size_t countGraphemes(UText* text)
{
// source for most of this: http://userguide.icu-project.org/strings/utext
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
PUBreakIterator it(ubrk_open(UBRK_CHARACTER, "en_us", nullptr, 0, &status));
checkStatus(status);
ubrk_setUText(it.get(), text, &status);
checkStatus(status);
size_t charCount = 0;
while(ubrk_next(it.get()) != UBRK_DONE)
{
++charCount;
}
return charCount;
}
size_t countCodepoints(UText* text)
{
size_t codepointCount = 0;
while(UTEXT_NEXT32(text) != U_SENTINEL)
{
++codepointCount;
}
// reset the index so we can use the structure again
UTEXT_SETNATIVEINDEX(text, 0);
return codepointCount;
}
void printStringInfo(const std::string& utf8)
{
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
PUText text(utext_openUTF8(nullptr, utf8.data(), utf8.length(), &status));
checkStatus(status);
std::cout << "UTF-8 string (might look wrong if your console locale is different): " << utf8 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Length (UTF-8 bytes): " << utf8.length() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Length (UTF-8 codepoints): " << countCodepoints(text.get()) << std::endl;
std::cout << "Length (graphemes): " << countGraphemes(text.get()) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl;
}
void main(int argc, char** argv)
{
printStringInfo(u8"Hello, world!");
printStringInfo(u8"หวัดดีชาวโลก");
printStringInfo(u8"\xF0\x9F\x90\xBF");
printStringInfo(u8"Z͉̳̺ͥͬ̾a̴͕̲̒̒͌̋ͪl̨͎̰̘͉̟ͤ̀̈̚͜g͕͔̤͖̟̒͝ͅo̵̡̡̼͚̐ͯ̅ͪ̆ͣ̚");
}
打印:
UTF-8 string (might look wrong if your console locale is different): Hello, world!
Length (UTF-8 bytes): 13
Length (UTF-8 codepoints): 13
Length (graphemes): 13
UTF-8 string (might look wrong if your console locale is different): หวัดดีชาวโลก
Length (UTF-8 bytes): 36
Length (UTF-8 codepoints): 12
Length (graphemes): 10
UTF-8 string (might look wrong if your console locale is different): 🐿
Length (UTF-8 bytes): 4
Length (UTF-8 codepoints): 1
Length (graphemes): 1
UTF-8 string (might look wrong if your console locale is different): Z͉̳̺ͥͬ̾a̴͕̲̒̒͌̋ͪl̨͎̰̘͉̟ͤ̀̈̚͜g͕͔̤͖̟̒͝ͅo̵̡̡̼͚̐ͯ̅ͪ̆ͣ̚
Length (UTF-8 bytes): 95
Length (UTF-8 codepoints): 50
Length (graphemes): 5
Boost.Locale包装ICU,并可能提供更好的接口。但是,它仍然需要与UTF-16进行相互转换。
在C ++ std :: string中,length()和size()方法为您提供字节数,而不必为字符数!。 与c-Style sizeof()函数相同!
对于大多数可打印的7位ASCII字符,这是相同的值,但是对于不是7位ASCII的字符,则肯定不是。请参见以下示例,为您提供真实的结果(64位linux)。
没有简单的c / c ++函数可以真正计算字符数。顺便说一下,所有这些东西都依赖于实现,并且在其他环境(编译器,win 16/32,linux,嵌入式等)上可能有所不同。
请参见以下示例:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
/* c-Style char Array */
const char * Test1 = "1234";
const char * Test2 = "ÄÖÜ€";
const char * Test3 = "αβγ𝄞";
/* c++ string object */
string sTest1 = "1234";
string sTest2 = "ÄÖÜ€";
string sTest3 = "αβγ𝄞";
printf("\r\nC Style Resluts:\r\n");
printf("Test1: %s, strlen(): %d\r\n",Test1, (int) strlen(Test1));
printf("Test2: %s, strlen(): %d\r\n",Test2, (int) strlen(Test2));
printf("Test3: %s, strlen(): %d\r\n",Test3, (int) strlen(Test3));
printf("\r\nC++ Style Resluts:\r\n");
cout << "Test1: " << sTest1 << ", Test1.size(): " <<sTest1.size() <<" sTest1.length(): " << sTest1.length() << endl;
cout << "Test1: " << sTest2 << ", Test2.size(): " <<sTest2.size() <<" sTest1.length(): " << sTest2.length() << endl;
cout << "Test1: " << sTest3 << ", Test3.size(): " <<sTest3.size() << " sTest1.length(): " << sTest3.length() << endl;
return 0;
}
该示例的输出是这样的:
C Style Results:
Test1: ABCD, strlen(): 4
Test2: ÄÖÜ€, strlen(): 9
Test3: αβγ𝄞, strlen(): 10
C++ Style Results:
Test1: ABCD, sTest1.size(): 4 sTest1.length(): 4
Test2: ÄÖÜ€, sTest2.size(): 9 sTest2.length(): 9
Test3: αβγ𝄞, sTest3.size(): 10 sTest3.length(): 10
这可能是输入字符串并找到其长度的最简单方法。
// Finding length of a string in C++
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int count(string);
int main()
{
string str;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
getline(cin,str);
cout << "\nString: " << str << endl;
cout << count(str) << endl;
return 0;
}
int count(string s){
if(s == "")
return 0;
if(s.length() == 1)
return 1;
else
return (s.length());
}
获取字符串长度而不打扰std名称空间的最简单方法如下
带/不带空格的字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
getline(cin,str);
cout<<"Length of given string is"<<str.length();
return 0;
}
没有空格的字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
cin>>str;
cout<<"Length of given string is"<<str.length();
return 0;
}