发送包含嵌入式图像的分段HTML电子邮件


74

我一直在使用python中的email模块,但是我希望能够知道如何嵌入html中包含的图像。

举例来说,如果身体像

<img src="../path/image.png"></img>

我想将image.png嵌入到电子邮件中,并且该src属性应替换为content-id。有人知道怎么做这个吗?

Answers:


151

这是我发现的一个例子。

食谱473810:发送带有嵌入式图像和纯文本备用内容的HTML电子邮件

对于那些希望发送带有丰富文本,布局和图形的电子邮件的人,HTML是首选方法。通常希望将图形嵌入消息中,以便收件人可以直接显示消息,而无需进一步下载。

一些邮件代理不支持HTML,或者他们的用户更喜欢接收纯文本消息。HTML消息的发送者应包括纯文本消息,以作为这些用户的备用消息。

此配方发送带有单个嵌入图像的HTML短消息和替代的纯文本消息。

# Send an HTML email with an embedded image and a plain text message for
# email clients that don't want to display the HTML.

from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage

# Define these once; use them twice!
strFrom = 'from@example.com'
strTo = 'to@example.com'

# Create the root message and fill in the from, to, and subject headers
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
msgRoot['From'] = strFrom
msgRoot['To'] = strTo
msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'

# Encapsulate the plain and HTML versions of the message body in an
# 'alternative' part, so message agents can decide which they want to display.
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)

msgText = MIMEText('This is the alternative plain text message.')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

# We reference the image in the IMG SRC attribute by the ID we give it below
msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>Nifty!', 'html')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

# This example assumes the image is in the current directory
fp = open('test.jpg', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()

# Define the image's ID as referenced above
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

# Send the email (this example assumes SMTP authentication is required)
import smtplib
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.example.com')
smtp.login('exampleuser', 'examplepass')
smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()

非常感谢,我已经尝试了许多解决方案,这是一个完美的解决方案!
wu13,2013年

@Andrew Hare:有两个多部分视图(两个msgText实例)。我看不到为每个指定的内容类型。接收系统如何知道要为HTML 1呈现的内容?
老盖泽2014年

我为第二个msgText实例添加了msgText.replace_header('Content-Type','text / html')。
老盖泽2014年

1
Ftr:MIMEText构造函数的第二个参数是子类型(默认为plain'html'用于第二个实例)。
dtk

11
它在python 3.7.2中对我有用,但是我不得不以不同的方式编写导入文件: from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
senya,

53

适用于Python 3.4及更高版本。

可接受的答案非常好,但仅适用于较旧的Python版本(2.x和3.3)。我认为它需要更新。

您可以在更新的Python版本(3.4及更高版本)中执行以下操作:

from email.message import EmailMessage
from email.utils import make_msgid
import mimetypes

msg = EmailMessage()

# generic email headers
msg['Subject'] = 'Hello there'
msg['From'] = 'ABCD <abcd@xyz.com>'
msg['To'] = 'PQRS <pqrs@xyz.com>'

# set the plain text body
msg.set_content('This is a plain text body.')

# now create a Content-ID for the image
image_cid = make_msgid(domain='xyz.com')
# if `domain` argument isn't provided, it will 
# use your computer's name

# set an alternative html body
msg.add_alternative("""\
<html>
    <body>
        <p>This is an HTML body.<br>
           It also has an image.
        </p>
        <img src="cid:{image_cid}">
    </body>
</html>
""".format(image_cid=image_cid[1:-1]), subtype='html')
# image_cid looks like <long.random.number@xyz.com>
# to use it as the img src, we don't need `<` or `>`
# so we use [1:-1] to strip them off


# now open the image and attach it to the email
with open('path/to/image.jpg', 'rb') as img:

    # know the Content-Type of the image
    maintype, subtype = mimetypes.guess_type(img.name)[0].split('/')

    # attach it
    msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(img.read(), 
                                         maintype=maintype, 
                                         subtype=subtype, 
                                         cid=image_cid)


# the message is ready now
# you can write it to a file
# or send it using smtplib

-1

代码工作

    att = MIMEImage(imgData)
    att.add_header('Content-ID', f'<image{i}.{imgType}>')
    att.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', f'image{i}.{imgType}')
    att['Content-Disposition'] = f'inline; filename=image{i}.{imgType}'
    msg.attach(att)

嗨!感谢您分享答案。如果您还要添加有关上述代码的一些说明,可能会很有用。我在OP的代码中看不到imgType变量定义,因此您的代码将引发异常。
夏奈尔
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