Answers:
以下查询将帮助您入门。它列出了当前数据库中的所有外键关系。
SELECT
FK_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME,
FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME,
PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME,
PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME,
Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK
ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK
ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU
ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
i1.TABLE_NAME,
i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2
ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE
i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
) PT
ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME您还可以在数据库图的SQL Server Management Studio中以图形方式查看关系。
尝试： sp_help [table_name]
您将获得有关表的所有信息，包括所有外键
sp_fkeys [table]
sp_fkeys @fktable_name='TableName'
如果计划删除或重命名表或列，则仅查找外键依赖项可能不够。
引用未与外键连接的表 -您还需要搜索可能未与外键连接的引用表（我已经看到许多设计不良的数据库，其中未定义外键，但确实具有相关数据）。解决方案可能是在所有表中搜索列名，然后查找相似的列。
其他数据库对象 –这可能是一个话题，但如果要查找所有引用，那么检查依赖对象也很重要。
GUI工具–尝试使用SSMS的“查找相关对象”选项或ApexSQL Search之类的工具（免费工具，集成到SSMS中）来识别所有相关对象，包括与外键连接的表。
因为您的问题是针对单个表的，所以可以使用以下命令：
EXEC sp_fkeys 'TableName'我在这里找到它：
https://stackoverflow.com/a/12956348/652519
我很快就找到了所需的信息。它列出了外键的表，列和名称。
编辑
以下是文档的链接，其中详细介绍了可以使用的不同参数：https : //docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-fkeys-transact-sql
SELECT f.name AS ForeignKey, OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) AS TableName,
COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) AS ReferenceTableName,
COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS ReferenceColumnName
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id我真的很喜欢使用的一种叫做Red Gate Software的 SQL Dependency Tracker 。您可以放入任何数据库对象，例如表，存储过程等，然后它将自动在依赖于所选项目的所有其他对象之间绘制关系线。
很好地图形化表示了模式中的依赖关系。
该查询将返回有关表中外键的详细信息，它支持多个列键。
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT
T1.constraint_name ConstraintName,
T2.COLUMN_NAME ColumnName,
T3.TABLE_NAME RefTableName,
T3.COLUMN_NAME RefColumnName,
T1.MATCH_OPTION MatchOption,
T1.UPDATE_RULE UpdateRule,
T1.DELETE_RULE DeleteRule
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS T1
INNER JOIN
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE T2
ON T1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = T2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE T3
ON T1.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = T3.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND T2.ORDINAL_POSITION = T3.ORDINAL_POSITION) A
WHERE A.ConstraintName = 'table_name'经过长时间的搜索，我找到了一个可行的解决方案。我的数据库不使用sys.foreign_key_columns，并且information_schema.key_column_usage仅包含主键。
我使用SQL Server 2015
解决方案1（很少使用）
如果其他解决方案不起作用，则可以正常工作：
WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT
TAB.schema_id,
TAB.name,
COL.name AS COLNAME,
COl.is_identity
FROM
sys.tables TAB INNER JOIN sys.columns COL
ON TAB.object_id = COL.object_id
)
SELECT
DB_NAME() AS [Database],
SCHEMA_NAME(Child.schema_id) AS 'Schema',
Child.name AS 'ChildTable',
Child.COLNAME AS 'ChildColumn',
Parent.name AS 'ParentTable',
Parent.COLNAME AS 'ParentColumn'
FROM
cte Child INNER JOIN CTE Parent
ON
Child.COLNAME=Parent.COLNAME AND
Child.name<>Parent.name AND
Child.is_identity+1=Parent.is_identity解决方案2（常用）
在大多数情况下，这可以正常工作：
SELECT
DB_NAME() AS [Database],
SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) AS 'Schema',
fk.name 'Name',
tp.name 'ParentTable',
cp.name 'ParentColumn',
cp.column_id,
tr.name 'ChildTable',
cr.name 'ChildColumn',
cr.column_id
FROM
sys.foreign_keys fk
INNER JOIN
sys.tables tp ON fk.parent_object_id = tp.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.tables tr ON fk.referenced_object_id = tr.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.foreign_key_columns fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.columns cp ON fkc.parent_column_id = cp.column_id AND fkc.parent_object_id = cp.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.columns cr ON fkc.referenced_column_id = cr.column_id AND fkc.referenced_object_id = cr.object_id
WHERE
-- CONCAT(SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id), '.', tp.name, '.', cp.name) LIKE '%my_table_name%' OR
-- CONCAT(SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id), '.', tr.name, '.', cr.name) LIKE '%my_table_name%'
ORDER BY
tp.name, cp.column_id您可以使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE和sys.foreign_key_columns来获取表的外键元数据，例如约束名称，引用表和引用列等。
下面是查询：
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, ParentTableName, RefTableName,RefColName FROM
(SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME,COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE WHERE TABLE_NAME = '<tableName>') constraint_details
INNER JOIN
(SELECT ParentTableName, RefTableName,name ,COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id,fc.referenced_column_id) RefColName FROM (SELECT object_name(parent_object_id) ParentTableName,object_name(referenced_object_id) RefTableName,name,OBJECT_ID FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE parent_object_id = object_id('<tableName>') ) f
INNER JOIN
sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id ) foreign_key_detail
on foreign_key_detail.name = constraint_details.CONSTRAINT_NAMESELECT obj.name AS FK_NAME,
sch.name AS [schema_name],
tab1.name AS [table],
col1.name AS [column],
tab2.name AS [referenced_table],
col2.name AS [referenced_column]
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
INNER JOIN sys.objects obj
ON obj.object_id = fkc.constraint_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables tab1
ON tab1.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch
ON tab1.schema_id = sch.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns col1
ON col1.column_id = parent_column_id AND col1.object_id = tab1.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables tab2
ON tab2.object_id = fkc.referenced_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns col2
ON col2.column_id = referenced_column_id AND col2.object_id = tab2.object_id它会给你：
FK所属的FK本身架构