相当于e.printStackTrace的python


207

我知道print(e)(其中e是一个异常)会打印发生的异常,但是,我试图找到与Java等效的python,e.printStackTrace()它可以将异常确切地跟踪到发生的那一行,并打印出整个轨迹。

谁能告诉我e.printStackTrace()Python 的等效功能吗?

Answers:



116

也有logging.exception

import logging

...

try:
    g()
except Exception as ex:
    logging.exception("Something awful happened!")
    # will print this message followed by traceback

输出:

ERROR 2007-09-18 23:30:19,913 error 1294 Something awful happened!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "b.py", line 22, in f
    g()
  File "b.py", line 14, in g
    1/0
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

(摘自http://blog.tplus1.com/index.php/2007/09/28/the-python-logging-module-is-much-better-than-print-statements/通过如何打印完整的回溯而无需暂停程序?


与相比有什么优点/缺点traceback.print_exc()
内森

18

相当于e.printStackTrace的python

在Java中,这将执行以下操作(docs):

public void printStackTrace()

将这个throwable及其回溯打印到标准错误流中。

这样使用:

try
{ 
// code that may raise an error
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// exception handling
e.printStackTrace();
}

在Java中,标准错误流没有缓冲,因此输出立即到达。

Python 2中的相同语义是:

import traceback
import sys
try: # code that may raise an error
    pass 
except IOError as e: # exception handling
    # in Python 2, stderr is also unbuffered
    print >> sys.stderr, traceback.format_exc()
    # in Python 2, you can also from __future__ import print_function
    print(traceback.format_exc(), file=sys.stderr)
    # or as the top answer here demonstrates, use:
    traceback.print_exc()
    # which also uses stderr.

Python 3

在Python 3中,我们可以直接从异常对象获取回溯(对于线程代码,其行为可能更好)。另外,stderr是行缓冲的,但是print函数获取flush参数,因此可以立即将其打印到stderr:

    print(traceback.format_exception(None, # <- type(e) by docs, but ignored 
                                     e, e.__traceback__),
          file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

结论:

因此,在Python 3中,traceback.print_exc()尽管sys.stderr 默认使用,但会缓冲输出,您可能会丢失它。因此,为了获得尽可能相等的语义,请在Python 3中print与一起使用flush=True


3

添加到其他伟大的答案,我们可以使用Python logging库的debug()info()warning()error(),和critical()方法。引用Python 3.7.4的文档,

在kwargs中检查了三个关键字参数:exc_info,如果不将其评估为false,则会将异常信息添加到日志消息中。

这意味着,您可以使用Python logging库输出debug()或其他类型的消息,并且该logging库将在其输出中包括堆栈跟踪。考虑到这一点,我们可以执行以下操作:

import logging

logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

def f():
    a = { 'foo': None }
    # the following line will raise KeyError
    b = a['bar']

def g():
    f()

try:
    g()
except Exception as e:
    logger.error(str(e), exc_info=True)

它将输出:

'bar'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<ipython-input-2-8ae09e08766b>", line 18, in <module>
    g()
  File "<ipython-input-2-8ae09e08766b>", line 14, in g
    f()
  File "<ipython-input-2-8ae09e08766b>", line 10, in f
    b = a['bar']
KeyError: 'bar'
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
Licensed under cc by-sa 3.0 with attribution required.