如何在ASP.Net MVC中模拟控制器上的请求？

我在使用ASP.Net MVC框架的C＃中有一个控制器

public class HomeController:Controller{
  public ActionResult Index()
    {
      if (Request.IsAjaxRequest())
        { 
          //do some ajaxy stuff
        }
      return View("Index");
    }
}

我有一些关于模拟的技巧，并希望通过以下代码和RhinoMocks来测试代码

var mocks = new MockRepository();
var mockedhttpContext = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpContextBase>();
var mockedHttpRequest = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpRequestBase>();
SetupResult.For(mockedhttpContext.Request).Return(mockedHttpRequest);

var controller = new HomeController();
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(mockedhttpContext, new RouteData(), controller);
var result = controller.Index() as ViewResult;
Assert.AreEqual("About", result.ViewName);

但是我不断收到此错误：

异常System.ArgumentNullException：System.ArgumentNullException：值不能为null。参数名称：System.Web.Mvc.AjaxRequestExtensions.IsAjaxRequest上的请求（HttpRequestBase请求）

由于Request控制器上的对象没有设置程序。我尝试通过使用以下答案中的推荐代码来使此测试正常运行。

这使用的是Moq而不是RhinoMocks，在使用Moq时，我将以下内容用于同一测试：

var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
// Not working - IsAjaxRequest() is static extension method and cannot be mocked
// request.Setup(x => x.IsAjaxRequest()).Returns(true /* or false */);
// use this
request.SetupGet(x => x.Headers["X-Requested-With"]).Returns("XMLHttpRequest");

var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
context.SetupGet(x => x.Request).Returns(request.Object);
var controller = new HomeController(Repository, LoginInfoProvider);
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(context.Object, new RouteData(), controller);
var result = controller.Index() as ViewResult;
Assert.AreEqual("About", result.ViewName);

但出现以下错误：

异常System.ArgumentException：System.ArgumentException：在不可重写成员上的无效设置：Moq.Mock.ThrowIfCantOverride（表达式设置，MethodInfo methodInfo）上的x => x.Headers [“ X-Requested-With”]

同样，似乎我无法设置请求标头。如何在RhinoMocks或Moq中设置此值？

使用最小起订量：

var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
// Not working - IsAjaxRequest() is static extension method and cannot be mocked
// request.Setup(x => x.IsAjaxRequest()).Returns(true /* or false */);
// use this
request.SetupGet(x => x.Headers).Returns(
    new System.Net.WebHeaderCollection {
        {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}
    });

var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
context.SetupGet(x => x.Request).Returns(request.Object);

var controller = new YourController();
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(context.Object, new RouteData(), controller);

更新：

模拟Request.Headers["X-Requested-With"]或Request["X-Requested-With"]代替Request.IsAjaxRequest()。

对于使用NSubstitute的任何人，我都可以修改上述答案并执行类似的操作...（其中Details是控制器上的Action方法名称）

 var fakeRequest = Substitute.For<HttpRequestBase>();
        var fakeContext = Substitute.For<HttpContextBase>();
        fakeRequest.Headers.Returns(new WebHeaderCollection { {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}});
        fakeContext.Request.Returns(fakeRequest);
        controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(fakeContext, new RouteData(), controller);
        var model = new EntityTypeMaintenanceModel();

        var result = controller.Details(model) as PartialViewResult;

        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
        Assert.AreEqual("EntityType", result.ViewName);

这是使用RhinoMocks的有效解决方案。我基于Moq解决方案，该解决方案位于http://thegrayzone.co.uk/blog/2010/03/mocking-request-isajaxrequest/

public static void MakeAjaxRequest(this Controller controller)
{
        MockRepository mocks = new MockRepository();

        // Create mocks
        var mockedhttpContext = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpContextBase>();
        var mockedHttpRequest = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpRequestBase>();

        // Set headers to pretend it's an Ajax request
        SetupResult.For(mockedHttpRequest.Headers)
            .Return(new WebHeaderCollection() {
                {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}
            });

        // Tell the mocked context to return the mocked request
        SetupResult.For(mockedhttpContext.Request).Return(mockedHttpRequest);

        mocks.ReplayAll();

        // Set controllerContext
        controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(mockedhttpContext, new RouteData(), controller);
}

是AjaxRequest是一种扩展方法。因此，您可以使用Rhino通过以下方式进行操作：

    protected HttpContextBase BuildHttpContextStub(bool isAjaxRequest)
    {
        var httpRequestBase = MockRepository.GenerateStub<HttpRequestBase>();   
        if (isAjaxRequest)
        {
            httpRequestBase.Stub(r => r["X-Requested-With"]).Return("XMLHttpRequest");
        }

        var httpContextBase = MockRepository.GenerateStub<HttpContextBase>();
        httpContextBase.Stub(c => c.Request).Return(httpRequestBase);

        return httpContextBase;
    }

    // Build controller
    ....
    controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(BuildHttpContextStub(true), new RouteData(), controller);

看起来您正在寻找这个，

 var requestMock = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
 requestMock.SetupGet(rq => rq["Age"]).Returns("2001");

控制器中的用法：

 public ActionResult Index()
 {
        var age = Request["Age"]; //This will return 2001
 }

您需要模拟HttpContextBase并将其放入ControllerContext属性，如下所示：

controller.ControllerContext = 
new ControllerContext(mockedHttpContext, new RouteData(), controller);

为了使IsAjaxRequest()在单元测试期间返回false，您需要在测试方法中同时设置请求标头和请求收集值，如下所示：

_request.SetupGet(x => x.Headers).Returns(new System.Net.WebHeaderCollection { { "X-Requested-With", "NotAjaxRequest" } });
_request.SetupGet(x=>x["X-Requested-With"]).Returns("NotAjaxRequest");

设置两者的原因在IsAjaxRequest（）的实现中隐藏了，如下所示：

public static bool IsAjaxRequest(this HttpRequestBase request)<br/>
{ 
    if (request == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("request");
    }
    return ((request["X-Requested-With"] == "XMLHttpRequest") || ((request.Headers != null) && (request.Headers["X-Requested-With"] == "XMLHttpRequest")));
}

它同时使用了请求收集和标头，这就是为什么我们需要同时为标头和请求收集创建设置的原因。

这将使该请求不是ajax请求时返回false。要使其返回true，可以执行以下操作：

_httpContext.SetupGet(x => x.Request["X-Requested-With"]).Returns("XMLHttpRequest");

我发现了在Web API期间将HttpRequestMessage对象添加到您的请求的其他方法，如下所示

[Test]
public void TestMethod()
{
    var controllerContext = new HttpControllerContext();
    var request = new HttpRequestMessage();
    request.Headers.Add("TestHeader", "TestHeader");
    controllerContext.Request = request;
    _controller.ControllerContext = controllerContext;

    var result = _controller.YourAPIMethod();
    //Your assertion
}

（聚会晚了一点，但我走了一条不同的路线，以为我愿意分享）

为了寻求一种纯粹的代码/模拟方法来测试它而不为Http类创建模拟，我实现了一个IControllerHelper，它具有一个Initialize方法，该方法将Request作为参数，然后公开我想要的属性，例如：

    public interface IControllerHelper
    {
        void Initialise(HttpRequest request);
        string HostAddress { get; }
    }

    public class ControllerHelper : IControllerHelper
    {
        private HttpRequest _request;
        
        public void Initialise(HttpRequest request)
        {
            _request = request;
        }

        public string HostAddress =>  _request.GetUri().GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Authority);
    }

然后在我的控制器中，在方法开始处调用初始化：

        _controllerHelper.Initialise(Request);

然后我的代码仅依赖于可模拟的依赖关系。

        return Created(new Uri($"{_controllerHelper.HostName}/api/MyEndpoint/{result.id}"), result);

对于功能测试，我只是覆盖合成中的iControllerHelper来替代。