获取异常对象所属的类的名称:
e.__class__.__name__
并且使用print_exc()函数还将打印堆栈跟踪,这对于任何错误消息都是必不可少的信息。
像这样:
from traceback import print_exc
class CustomException(Exception): pass
try:
raise CustomException("hi")
except Exception, e:
print 'type is:', e.__class__.__name__
print_exc()
# print "exception happened!"
您将获得如下输出:
type is: CustomException
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "exc.py", line 7, in <module>
raise CustomException("hi")
CustomException: hi
在打印和分析之后,代码可以决定不处理异常,而只是执行raise
:
from traceback import print_exc
class CustomException(Exception): pass
def calculate():
raise CustomException("hi")
try:
calculate()
except Exception, e:
if e.__class__ == CustomException:
print 'special case of', e.__class__.__name__, 'not interfering'
raise
print "handling exception"
输出:
special case of CustomException not interfering
解释器输出异常:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 9, in <module>
calculate()
File "test.py", line 6, in calculate
raise CustomException("hi")
__main__.CustomException: hi
经过raise
最初的异常继续进一步传播调用堆栈。(当心可能的陷阱)如果引发新的异常,它将产生新的(较短的)堆栈跟踪。
from traceback import print_exc
class CustomException(Exception): pass
def calculate():
raise CustomException("hi")
try:
calculate()
except Exception, e:
if e.__class__ == CustomException:
print 'special case of', e.__class__.__name__, 'not interfering'
#raise CustomException(e.message)
raise e
print "handling exception"
输出:
special case of CustomException not interfering
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 13, in <module>
raise CustomException(e.message)
__main__.CustomException: hi
请注意,traceback如何不包括calculate()
来自9
作为原始异常源的line函数e
。
except:
(无裸raise
),除了也许一旦每个程序,并且优选地不然后。