将字典的字符串表示形式转换为字典？

如何将a的str表示形式（dict例如以下字符串）转换为a dict？

s = "{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}"

我宁愿不使用eval。我还能使用什么？

这样做的主要原因是他写的我的同事课程之一，将所有输入都转换为字符串。我不打算去修改他的课程，以解决这个问题。

从Python 2.6开始，您可以使用内置的ast.literal_eval：

>>> import ast
>>> ast.literal_eval("{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}")
{'muffin': 'lolz', 'foo': 'kitty'}

这比使用更为安全eval。正如其文档所说：

>>>帮助（ast.literal_eval）
帮助ast模块中的literal_eval函数：

literal_eval（node_or_string）
    安全地评估表达式节点或包含Python的字符串
    表达。提供的字符串或节点只能由以下内容组成
    Python文字结构：字符串，数字，元组，列表，字典，布尔值，
    和没有。

例如：

>>> eval("shutil.rmtree('mongo')")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/shutil.py", line 208, in rmtree
    onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/shutil.py", line 206, in rmtree
    names = os.listdir(path)
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'mongo'
>>> ast.literal_eval("shutil.rmtree('mongo')")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/ast.py", line 68, in literal_eval
    return _convert(node_or_string)
  File "/opt/Python-2.6.1/lib/python2.6/ast.py", line 67, in _convert
    raise ValueError('malformed string')
ValueError: malformed string

https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/json.html

JSON可以解决此问题，尽管其解码器希望在键和值周围使用双引号。如果您不介意更换骇客...

import json
s = "{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}"
json_acceptable_string = s.replace("'", "\"")
d = json.loads(json_acceptable_string)
# d = {u'muffin': u'lolz', u'foo': u'kitty'}

请注意，如果将单引号作为键或值的一部分，则由于字符替换不当而导致此操作失败。仅当您对评估解决方案强烈反对时，才建议使用此解决方案。

有关JSON单引号的更多信息：jQuery.parseJSON由于JSON中的单引号已转义而引发“无效JSON”错误

使用json.loads：

>>> import json
>>> h = '{"foo":"bar", "foo2":"bar2"}'
>>> d = json.loads(h)
>>> d
{u'foo': u'bar', u'foo2': u'bar2'}
>>> type(d)
<type 'dict'>

以OP为例：

s = "{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}"

我们可以使用Yaml处理字符串中的这种非标准json：

>>> import yaml
>>> s = "{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}"
>>> s
"{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}"
>>> yaml.load(s)
{'muffin': 'lolz', 'foo': 'kitty'}

如果始终可以信任该字符串，则可以使用eval（或literal_eval按建议使用；无论该字符串是什么都是安全的。）否则，您需要一个解析器。如果JSON解析器（例如simplejson）仅存储符合JSON方案的内容，则该解析器将起作用。

使用json。该ast库消耗大量内存，并且速度较慢。我有一个过程需要读取156Mb的文本文件。Ast转换字典需要5分钟的延迟，json而使用内存减少60％则需要1分钟！

总结一下：

import ast, yaml, json, timeit

descs=['short string','long string']
strings=['{"809001":2,"848545":2,"565828":1}','{"2979":1,"30581":1,"7296":1,"127256":1,"18803":2,"41619":1,"41312":1,"16837":1,"7253":1,"70075":1,"3453":1,"4126":1,"23599":1,"11465":3,"19172":1,"4019":1,"4775":1,"64225":1,"3235":2,"15593":1,"7528":1,"176840":1,"40022":1,"152854":1,"9878":1,"16156":1,"6512":1,"4138":1,"11090":1,"12259":1,"4934":1,"65581":1,"9747":2,"18290":1,"107981":1,"459762":1,"23177":1,"23246":1,"3591":1,"3671":1,"5767":1,"3930":1,"89507":2,"19293":1,"92797":1,"32444":2,"70089":1,"46549":1,"30988":1,"4613":1,"14042":1,"26298":1,"222972":1,"2982":1,"3932":1,"11134":1,"3084":1,"6516":1,"486617":1,"14475":2,"2127":1,"51359":1,"2662":1,"4121":1,"53848":2,"552967":1,"204081":1,"5675":2,"32433":1,"92448":1}']
funcs=[json.loads,eval,ast.literal_eval,yaml.load]

for  desc,string in zip(descs,strings):
    print('***',desc,'***')
    print('')
    for  func in funcs:
        print(func.__module__+' '+func.__name__+':')
        %timeit func(string)        
    print('')

结果：

*** short string ***

json loads:
4.47 µs ± 33.4 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)
builtins eval:
24.1 µs ± 163 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)
ast literal_eval:
30.4 µs ± 299 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)
yaml load:
504 µs ± 1.29 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

*** long string ***

json loads:
29.6 µs ± 230 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)
builtins eval:
219 µs ± 3.92 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)
ast literal_eval:
331 µs ± 1.89 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)
yaml load:
9.02 ms ± 92.2 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

结论：更喜欢json.loads

string = "{'server1':'value','server2':'value'}"

#Now removing { and }
s = string.replace("{" ,"")
finalstring = s.replace("}" , "")

#Splitting the string based on , we get key value pairs
list = finalstring.split(",")

dictionary ={}
for i in list:
    #Get Key Value pairs separately to store in dictionary
    keyvalue = i.split(":")

    #Replacing the single quotes in the leading.
    m= keyvalue[0].strip('\'')
    m = m.replace("\"", "")
    dictionary[m] = keyvalue[1].strip('"\'')

print dictionary

没有使用任何库：

dict_format_string = "{'1':'one', '2' : 'two'}"
d = {}
elems  = filter(str.isalnum,dict_format_string.split("'"))
values = elems[1::2]
keys   = elems[0::2]
d.update(zip(keys,values))

注意：由于已进行硬编码，split("'")因此仅适用于“单引号”数据的字符串。