PiGPIO库示例，用于对UART进行位绑定

11

PiGPIO库 http://abyz.me.uk/rpi/pigpio/index.html提到它的功能之一是“使用任何用户gpio的软件串行链接”。

我的意思是，您可以使用它在任意2个免费GPIO引脚上生成软件UART。

在项目的示例页面中，没有此功能的示例，我在Google上都找不到。

有人这样做吗？如果是这样，请给我指出这个例子。

如果不是，是否还有其他库可以用于UART的位碰撞？

谢谢，

raspbian  gpio  python  uart  c++ 
— 菲尔波特
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另请参见：raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/3475/...和raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/24019/...后者由@joan指向pigpio回答，也许他可以提供一些更深入的了解。
— 加纳玛
我确实花了几天的时间通过从Pi发送到便携式计算机并让便携式计算机回波到Pi来测试Pigpio软件序列。我本打算将其编写出来，但事件已超过了该练习。我会看到我能找到的。
— 2015年

Answers:

13

这是我用来测试软件序列可靠性的一些Python。输入端相当琐碎。您只需要在Python或C语言中进行适当的bit bang串行打开调用即可。由于必须使用波形来构造位流，因此输出端会涉及更多。

此处的代码使用7位而不是8位数据。测试大约是在我添加对每个字节不同位的支持的同时进行的。

该代码将二进制数据块写入到通过膝上型计算机连接到笔记本电脑的gpio上。便携式计算机将输入的串行数据回显到其输出串行线。Pi读取另一个gpio上的串行数据。

该代码检查发送和接收的数据之间的差异。假定笔记本电脑没有错误，因此任何错误都假定是位撞击。

查看日志，任何小于19.2kbps的信号都是可靠的。达到115.2kbps的任何值都是合理的（但需要校验和），而230.4kbps的错误率则为13％。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# bb_serial.py
# 2014-12-23
# Public Domain

# bit bang transmit and receive of serial data
#
# tested by connecting the arbitrary RX/TX gpios to a USB
# serial dongle plugged in to a Linux box.
#
# on the Linux box set the baud and data bits (cs5-cs8)
#
# stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 19200 cs8
# cat </dev/ttyUSB0 >/dev/ttyUSB0
#
# so the Linux box echoes back data received from the Pi.
#
# laptop timings deviations
#
# baud  exp us   act us
#   50   20000    13310 * 75
#   75   13333    13310
#  110    9091    13310 * 75
#  134    7462     6792 * 150
#  150    6667     6792
#  200    5000     6792 * 150
#  300    3333     3362
#

import sys
import time
import difflib

import pigpio

RX=19
TX=26

MSGLEN=256

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
   baud = int(sys.argv[1])
else:
   baud = 115200

if len(sys.argv) > 2:
   bits = int(sys.argv[2])
else:
   bits = 8

if len(sys.argv) > 3:
   runtime = int(sys.argv[3])
else:
   runtime = 300

ten_char_time = 100.0 / float(baud)

if ten_char_time < 0.1:
   ten_char_time = 0.1

MASK=(1<<bits)-1

# initialise test data

msg = [0] * (MSGLEN+256)

for i in range(len(msg)):
   msg[i] = i & MASK

first = 0

pi = pigpio.pi()

pi.set_mode(TX, pigpio.OUTPUT)

# fatal exceptions off (so that closing an unopened gpio doesn't error)

pigpio.exceptions = False

pi.bb_serial_read_close(RX)

# fatal exceptions on

pigpio.exceptions = True

# create a waveform representing the serial data

pi.wave_clear()

TEXT=msg[first:first+MSGLEN]
pi.wave_add_serial(TX, baud, TEXT)
wid=pi.wave_create()

# open a gpio to bit bang read the echoed data

pi.bb_serial_read_open(RX, baud, bits)

# zero error counts

bad_char = 0
total_char = 0

# run for fixed time

start=time.time()

while (time.time()-start) < runtime:

   pi.wave_send_once(wid)   # transmit serial data
   pi.wave_delete(wid)

   TXTEXT = TEXT

   first += 1
   if first >= MSGLEN:
      first = 0

   TEXT=msg[first:first+MSGLEN]
   pi.wave_add_serial(TX, baud, TEXT,bb_bits=7)

   while pi.wave_tx_busy(): # wait until all data sent
      pass

   wid=pi.wave_create()

   count = 1
   text=""
   lt = 0
   total_char += MSGLEN

   while count: # read echoed serial data
      (count, data) = pi.bb_serial_read(RX)
      if count:
         text += data
         lt += count
      time.sleep(ten_char_time) # enough time to ensure more data

   if text != TXTEXT: # Do sent and received match?
      if lt == MSGLEN: # No, is message correct length?
         for i in range(MSGLEN): # If so compare byte by byte.
            if text[i] != TXTEXT[i]:
               # print("{:2X} {:2X}".format(text[i], TXTEXT[i]))
               bad_char += 1
      else: # Wrong message length, find matching blocks.
         ok = 0
         s=difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, TXTEXT, text)
         for frag in  s.get_matching_blocks():
            ok += frag[2] # More matching bytes found.
            # print(frag)
         # print(text, MSGLEN, ok)
         if ok < MSGLEN: # Sanity check.
            bad_char += (MSGLEN - ok)
         else:
            print("*** ERRONEOUS good={} LEN={} ***".format(ok, MSGLEN))

print("secs={} baud={} bits={} bad={:.3f}%".
   format(runtime, baud, bits, float(bad_char)*100.0/float(total_char)))

print("total={} badchar={}".format(total_char, bad_char))

# free resources

pi.wave_delete(wid)

pi.bb_serial_read_close(RX)

pi.stop()

日志

harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 230400; done
secs=300 baud=230400 bad=12.610%
total=249344 badchar=31443
secs=300 baud=230400 bad=12.580%
total=247296 badchar=31111
secs=300 baud=230400 bad=12.669%
total=246528 badchar=31232
secs=300 baud=230400 bad=12.274%
total=249600 badchar=30635
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 115200; done
secs=300 baud=115200 bad=0.378%
total=246784 badchar=934
secs=300 baud=115200 bad=0.152%
total=241408 badchar=368
secs=300 baud=115200 bad=0.189%
total=249088 badchar=472
secs=300 baud=115200 bad=0.347%
total=242688 badchar=843
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 57600; done
secs=300 baud=57600 bad=0.080%
total=220416 badchar=177
secs=300 baud=57600 bad=0.066%
total=219392 badchar=145
secs=300 baud=57600 bad=0.099%
total=219904 badchar=218
secs=300 baud=57600 bad=0.084%
total=219136 badchar=184
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 38400; done
secs=300 baud=38400 bad=0.019%
total=206336 badchar=39
secs=300 baud=38400 bad=0.021%
total=206848 badchar=43
secs=300 baud=38400 bad=0.015%
total=206592 badchar=30
secs=300 baud=38400 bad=0.030%
total=206592 badchar=61
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175360 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175360 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174336 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 75; done
secs=300 baud=75 bad=0.000%
total=2048 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=75 bad=0.000%
total=2048 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=75 bad=0.000%
total=2048 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=75 bad=0.000%
total=2048 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174592 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174592 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175360 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174592 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174592 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175360 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174592 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
harry /ram $ for ((i=0;i<4;i++)); do /code/bb_serial.py 19200; done
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=174848 badchar=0
secs=300 baud=19200 bad=0.000%
total=175104 badchar=0
— 琼
source
您使用了什么串行加密狗？年龄较大的游戏有时可能不太可靠...
— not2qubit
我使用PL2303HX USB转RS232 TTL 5V 3.3V输出模块进行测试。来自eBay的£1.53。
— 琼
您可以轻松测试加密狗的可靠性；将自己的Tx连接到Rx并重新运行测试
— earcam '17
0

当您将Tx直接连接到Rx进行测试时，如果没有任何会增加诸如加密狗之类的错误的信息，它会告诉您该库的实际性能如何。

在Raspberry Pi 3b +上将GPIO 23用作Tx，将GPIO 24用作Rx或其他免费GPIO。这看起来与板载UART的顺序相同，并且实际上与之相邻，在右侧仅3个引脚，而在Rx右侧则有一个GND引脚。

结果：

Until 19200bps no errors.
- 38400 and 57600 bps less 1% error sometimes
- 115200bps was 10-20% error or so
- 230400bps over 80% error or so

如果您可以使用19200或更少的版本，而无需使用校验和哈希或SPI / I2C到UART转换器-应该没问题。

— 东河兰
source
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