isc-dhcp-server安装和运行问题

我试图按照Adafruit的指示将pi设置为访问点。但是，由于某种原因，sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server总是会失败。我看过此链接，但是在dhcpd.conf中定义了一个子网（来自Adafruit）：

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

              .
              .
              .
#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
#  }
#}

subnet 192.168.42.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.42.10 192.168.42.50;
option broadcast-address 192.168.42.255;
option routers 192.168.42.1;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option domain-name "local";
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4;
}

当我这样做时sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server，我得到：

Generating /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server...
[FAIL] Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpd[....] check syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
 failed!

和

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED \
> -j ACCEPT
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo service hostapd start
[ ok ] Starting advanced IEEE 802.11 management: hostapd.
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
[FAIL] Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpd[....] check syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
 failed!

/ var / log / syslog：

Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd: No subnet declaration for wlan0 (192.168.42.\
1).
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd: ** Ignoring requests on wlan0.  If this is n\
ot what
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:    you want, please write a subnet declarati\
on
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:    in your dhcpd.conf file for the network s\
egment
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:    to which interface wlan0 is attached. **
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd:
Jul 26 03:05:25 raspberrypi dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!

我该如何解决？

如果您确定dhpcd配置中设置的子网属于已经配置的接口（我想是wlan0）。比较/ etc / network / interfaces和/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf中的IP子网。

另外，在Debian（以及Raspbian）上，检查/ etc / default / isc-dhcp-server，因为它应该包含您的接口名称，如下所示：

# Defaults for dhcp initscript
# sourced by /etc/init.d/dhcp
# installed at /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server by the maintainer scripts

#
# This is a POSIX shell fragment
#

# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
#   Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".
INTERFACES="wlan0"

这两件事都是在教程中设置的，因此我假设您忽略其中至少之一。

您需要在出厂时将INTERFACES =“”设置为默认值！甚至更多-自动更新可以覆盖它。此问题与DHCPD有关，而不与操作系统有关。您需要做的是通过一个子网{}子句定义所有/ etc / network / interfaces子网。对于不需要由DHCPD服务的子网，您需要一个空白的子网子句，如下所示：

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}

上面的注释来自出厂的原始配置示例。以我为例，在这个网络上，不需要处理任何IP请求，但是如果没有这个空 subnet子句，DHCPD就会像这样拒绝启动：

Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.3.1
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium.
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: All rights reserved.
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.3.1
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2014 Internet Systems Consortium.
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: All rights reserved.
Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Wrote 2 leases to leases file.
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: No subnet declaration for wlan0 (no IPv4 addresses).
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: ** Ignoring requests on wlan0.  If this is not what
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:    you want, please write a subnet declaration
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:    in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:    to which interface wlan0 is attached. **
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: If you think you have received this message due to a bug rather
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: than a configuration issue please read the section on submitting
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: bugs on either our web page at www.isc.org or in the README file
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: before submitting a bug.  These pages explain the proper
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: process and the information we find helpful for debugging..
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd:
 Jan 29 19:08:44 pi dhcpd: exiting.
 Jan 29 19:08:46 pi isc-dhcp-server[3332]: Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpdcheck syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
 Jan 29 19:08:46 pi isc-dhcp-server[3332]: failed!
 Jan 29 19:08:46 pi systemd[1]: isc-dhcp-server.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
 Jan 29 19:08:46 pi systemd[1]: Unit isc-dhcp-server.service entered failed state.

在地狱怪异的所有此错误消息的是，/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf居然有用于为wlan0的子网中的全功能子网条款。为eth0子网添加一个空子句可以解决所有问题。

如此处建议的那样，将接口名称放在INTERFACES中会破坏DHCPD。在Raspbian Jessie和其他操作系统上进行了验证。

ISC DHCP服务器正常。

将/ etc / default / isc-dhcp-server INTERFACES =“ wlan0”更改为eth0

服务isc-dhcp-server启动好吗？

将/ etc / default / isc-dhcp-server INTERFACES =“ eth0”更改为wlan0

......接口wlan0做IP地址

ifconfig，wlan0 IP？

.. nano / etc / network / interfaces

iface wlan0 inet静态地址192.168.42.2网络掩码255.255.255.0 ..

ifdown wlan0 ifup wlan0 ifconfig wlan0

wlan0链接encap：以太网HWaddr 00：00：xx：xx：xx：xx inet地址：192.168.42.2 Bcast：192.168.42.255 Mask：255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU：1500 Metric：1 RX packet：1153 errors：0掉落：0超限：0帧：0 TX数据包：1178错误：0掉落：0超限：0载波：0冲突：0 txqueuelen：1000 RX字节：219204（214.0 KiB）TX字节：245615（239.8 KiB）

服务isc-dhcp-server启动

遇到了完全相同的问题，并在此简短教程中找到了答案：http : //sirlagz.net/2013/02/10/how-to-use-the-raspberry-pi-as-a-wireless-access-pointrouter-第3b部分/

希望它也对您有用！

巴尼

配置/编辑无头服务器时的常见错误是使用Windows IDE编辑文件。如果这样做，请使用Notepad ++，然后不要忘记检查Format is => UNIX格式 && Encode in UTF-8 without BOM

解决大多数这种奇怪的行为。