如何使robocopy在Powershell中运行？

我正在尝试在Powershell中使用robocopy来镜像我的家用计算机上的某些目录。这是我的脚本：

param ($configFile)

$config = Import-Csv $configFile
$what = "/COPYALL /B /SEC/ /MIR"
$options = "/R:0 /W:0 /NFL /NDL"
$logDir = "C:\Backup\"

foreach ($line in $config)
{
 $source = $($line.SourceFolder)
 $dest = $($line.DestFolder)
 $logfile =  $logDIr 
 $logfile += Split-Path $dest -Leaf
 $logfile += ".log"

 robocopy "$source $dest $what $options /LOG:MyLogfile.txt"
}

该脚本接收带有源和目标目录列表的csv文件。当我运行脚本时，出现以下错误：

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ROBOCOPY     ::     Robust File Copy for Windows                              
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Started : Sat Apr 03 21:26:57 2010

   Source : P:\ C:\Backup\Photos \COPYALL \B \SEC\ \MIR \R:0 \W:0 \NFL \NDL \LOG:MyLogfile.txt\
     Dest - 

    Files : *.*

  Options : *.* /COPY:DAT /R:1000000 /W:30 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ERROR : No Destination Directory Specified.

       Simple Usage :: ROBOCOPY source destination /MIR

             source :: Source Directory (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
        destination :: Destination Dir  (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
               /MIR :: Mirror a complete directory tree.

    For more usage information run ROBOCOPY /?


****  /MIR can DELETE files as well as copy them !

任何想法我需要做些什么来解决？

谢谢马克。

如果变量$what并$options没有改变，为什么他们的变量？

$what = "/COPYALL /B /SEC /MIR" 
$options = "/R:0 /W:0 /NFL /NDL" 

这对我来说很好：

robocopy   $source $dest /COPYALL /B /SEC /MIR /R:0 /W:0 /NFL /NDL

如果您希望能够使用变量扩展，并且要使生成的命令行正确了解要分隔的参数和不应该分隔的参数，则在Powershell中将字符串填充到用于外部命令的参数中需要进行一些跳跃操作。在您的示例中，您将整个字符串作为第一个参数发送，而Robocopy告诉您找不到该长字符串作为源目录。您确实希望将整个Source字符串都视为一个参数（包括其中可能包含空格），对于Destination同样如此，但是您的$ what和$ options将失败，因为它们都将作为单个参数传递给Robocopy，而不能解析。

有几种方法可以正确执行此操作，但是以下代码段是基于您似乎想要分解参数的方式，并且确实适用于我使用的单个目录示例。

$source="C:\temp\source"
$dest="C:\temp\dest"

$what = @("/COPYALL","/B","/SEC","/MIR")
$options = @("/R:0","/W:0","/NFL","/NDL")

$cmdArgs = @("$source","$dest",$what,$options)
robocopy @cmdArgs

从robocopy行中删除引号？

即

param ($configFile)

$config = Import-Csv $configFile
$what = "/COPYALL /B /SEC/ /MIR"
$options = "/R:0 /W:0 /NFL /NDL"
$logDir = "C:\Backup\"

foreach ($line in $config)
{
 $source = $($line.SourceFolder)
 $dest = $($line.DestFolder)
 $logfile =  $logDIr 
 $logfile += Split-Path $dest -Leaf
 $logfile += ".log"

 robocopy $source $dest $what $options /LOG:MyLogfile.txt
}

我有同样的问题。整个命令行被解释为第一个参数。

上面提到的任何方法都无效，包括：

invoke-expression "robocopy ""$sourceFolder"" ""$destinationFolder"" /MIR"  
invoke-expression "robocopy \`"$sourceFolder\`" \`"$destinationFolder\`" /MIR"  

当路径中有空格时，请不要删除引号：

invoke-expression "robocopy $sourceFolder $destinationFolder /MIR"  

在尝试了http://edgylogic.com/blog/powershell-and-external-commands-done-right/中的技巧之后，我终于明白了。

robocopy "\`"$sourceFolder"\`" "\`"$destinationFolder"\`" /MIR

也许我应该坚持使用蝙蝠文件。:)

我发现执行本机命令的最佳方法是使用＆命令执行字符串列表。同样，如果希望将控制台输出包含在Powershell脚本中，则需要将输出通过管道传输到主机外。这是一个调用7Zip的示例，该示例使用从7-Zip到我编写的Amazon S3 Powershell脚本的多个参数调用：

$7ZipPath = "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" #Path to 7Zip executable
$FolderPath = "C:\Backup" #Folder to backup (no trailing slash!)
$FolderName = $FolderPath.Substring($FolderPath.LastIndexOf("\")+1) #grab the name of the backup folder
$TimeStamp = [datetime]::Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd_HHmm") #Create unique timestamp string
$strFile = [String]::Format("{0}\{1}_{2}.7z", "c:\",$FolderName,$TimeStamp) #Create filename for the zip
#7z options: add, type 7z, Archive filename, Files to add (with wildcard. Change \* to \prefix* or \*.txt to limit files), compression level 9, password, encrypt filenames, Send output to host so it can be logged.
& $7ZipPath "a" "-t7z" "$strFile" "$FolderPath\*" "-mx9" "-r" "-pPASSWORD" "-mhe" | out-host #create archive file
if($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0){ #Detect errors from 7Zip. Note: 7z will crash sometimes if file already exists
    Write-Error "ERROR: 7Zip terminated with exit code $LASTEXITCODE. Script halted."
    exit $LASTEXITCODE
}

基本上针对您的情况，我会尝试这样的事情（可能需要分别打破$ what和$ options参数）：

$robocopypath = "c:\pathtofolder\robocopy.exe"
& $robocopypath "$source" "$dest" "$what" "$options" "/LOG:MyLogfile.txt"

invoke-expression "robocopy $source $dest $what $options /LOG:MyLogfile.txt"

这将插值所有变量，然后调用结果字符串。您现在所拥有的方式，似乎robocopy被所有选项的引号引起来，即robocopy“ c：\ src c：\ dst blah meh”。这被解释为单个参数。

这对我有用，并允许动态输入日志文件位置。＆符号只是告诉PowerShell文本是我要运行的代码行。

    $source = "E:\BackupToRestore\"
    $destination = "E:\RestoreMe\"
    $logfile = "E:\robocopyLogFile.txt"    
    $switches = ("/B", "/MIR", "/XJ", "/FFT", "/R:0", "/LOG:$logfile")
    & robocopy $source $destination $roboCopyString $switches

向其中添加2美分，可能会对某人有所帮助...下面的代码缺少“循环”部分，我在其中读取csv以获取要复制的文件

# first we setup an array of possible robocopy status
$RobocopyErrors="NO ERRORS",
            "OKCOPY",
            "XTRA",
            "OKCOPY + XTRA",
            "MISMATCHES",
            "OKCOPY + MISMATCHES",
            "MISMATCHES + XTRA",
            "OKCOPY + MISMATCHES + XTRA",
            "FAIL",
            "OKCOPY + FAIL",
            "FAIL + XTRA",
            "OKCOPY + FAIL + XTRA",
            "FAIL + MISMATCHES& goto end",
            "OKCOPY + FAIL + MISMATCHES",
            "FAIL + MISMATCHES + XTRA",
            "OKCOPY + FAIL + MISMATCHES + XTRA",
            "***FATAL ERROR***"
#setting some variables with the date
$DateLogFile=get-date -format "yyyyddMMhh"

#this commands below one usually goes into a loop
$DateLog=get-date -format "yyyyddMMhhmmss"

#adding options and command arg as described in previous post
$options = @("/R:0","/W:0")
$cmdArgs = @("$Source","$Destination",$File,$options)

#executing Robocopy command
robocopy @cmdArgs

# We capture the lastexitcode of the command and use to confirm if all was good or not

$errorlevel=$LASTEXITCODE
# I output the status to a log file
"$DateLog`t::$($RobocopyErrors[$errorlevel])::`"$file`"`t`"$Source`" -> `"$Destination`"" | out-file "$scriptPath\Logs\$DateLogFile.log" -append
 if ($errorlevel -lt 8) {
    #error below 8 = all is good

}
else {
    # something bad happened ..  

}