Answers:
您可以使用WMI对象在特定驱动器上创建卷影副本,如Microsoft文章中所述。
在特定驱动器上启用卷影复制(D :, E:,...)是两件事
我花了一些时间使它生效(在找到导致失败的简单错误之后),该功能不完整。我想添加在远程计算机上启用它的功能,这可能必须通过运行一次的任务来完成。如果有人对此进行了修改并添加了该信息,请告诉我!
function Enable-ShadowCopies {
param(
[String]$ComputerName = $Env:ComputerName,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]$Drive
)
$volumeWMI = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $ComputerName -Class Win32_Volume -Filter "DriveLetter = '$Drive'";
$volumeID = ($volumeWMI.DeviceID.SubString(10)).SubString(0,($volumeWMI.DeviceID.SubString(10)).Length-1);
$scheduler = New-Object -ComObject Schedule.Service
$scheduler.Connect($ComputerName)
$tskDef = $scheduler.NewTask(0);
$tskRegInfo = $tskDef.RegistrationInfo;
$tskSettings = $tskDef.Settings;
$tskTriggers = $tskDef.Triggers;
$tskActions = $tskDef.Actions;
$tskPrincipals = $tskDef.Principal;
# Registration Info
$tskRegInfo.Author = "PowerShell Script";
# Settings
$tskSettings.DisallowStartIfOnBatteries = $false;
$tskSettings.StopIfGoingOnBatteries = $false
$tskSettings.AllowHardTerminate = $false;
$tskSettings.IdleSettings.IdleDuration = "PT600S";
$tskSettings.IdleSettings.WaitTimeout = "PT3600S";
$tskSettings.IdleSettings.StopOnIdleEnd = $false;
$tskSettings.IdleSettings.RestartOnIdle = $false;
$tskSettings.Enabled = $true;
$tskSettings.Hidden = $false;
$tskSettings.RunOnlyIfIdle = $false;
$tskSettings.WakeToRun = $false;
$tskSettings.ExecutionTimeLimit = "PT259200S";
$tskSettings.Priority = "5";
$tskSettings.StartWhenAvailable = $false;
$tskSettings.RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable = $false;
# Triggers
$tskTrigger1 = $tskTriggers.Create(3);
$tskTrigger2 = $tskTriggers.Create(3);
## Trigger 1
$tskTrigger1.Id = "Trigger1"
$tskTrigger1.StartBoundary = (Get-Date -format "yyyy-MM-dd")+"T07:00:00";
$tskTrigger1.DaysOfWeek = 0x3E; # Monday - Friday - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa384024(v=vs.85).aspx
$tskTrigger1.Enabled = $true;
## Trigger 2
$tskTrigger2.Id = "Trigger2";
$tskTrigger2.StartBoundary = (Get-Date -format "yyyy-MM-dd")+"T12:00:00";
$tskTrigger2.DaysOfWeek = 0x3E; # Monday - Friday - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa384024(v=vs.85).aspx
$tskTrigger2.Enabled = $true;
# Principals (RunAs User)
$tskPrincipals.Id = "Author";
$tskPrincipals.UserID = "SYSTEM";
$tskPrincipals.RunLevel = 1;
# Actions
$tskActions.Context = "Author"
$tskAction1 = $tskActions.Create(0);
# Action 1
$tskAction1.Path = "C:\Windows\system32\vssadmin.exe";
$tskAction1.Arguments = "Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For="+$volumeWMI.DeviceID;
$tskAction1.WorkingDirectory = "%systemroot%\system32";
# Configure VSS, Add scheduled task
vssadmin Add ShadowStorage /For=$Drive /On=$Drive /MaxSize=10%;
$tskFolder = $scheduler.GetFolder("\")
$tskFolder.RegisterTaskDefinition("ShadowCopyVolume$volumeID", $tskDef, 6, "SYSTEM", $null,5);
}
即使此方法有效,并且它模仿了通过GUI进行操作时发生的情况,但对于该驱动器仍然显示为禁用。但是,如果启用它,则什么都不会改变!(LOL)我猜注册表中有些东西也需要修改。
$diskname = "C:\"
$VolumeWmi = gwmi Win32_Volume -Namespace root/cimv2 | ?{ $_.Name -eq $diskname }
$DeviceID = $VolumeWmi.DeviceID.ToUpper().Replace("\\?\VOLUME", "").Replace("\","")
$TaskName = "ShadowCopyVolume" + $DeviceID
$TaskFor = "\\?\Volume" + $DeviceID + "\"
$Task = "C:\Windows\system32\vssadmin.exe"
$Argument = "Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For=$TaskFor"
$WorkingDir = "%systemroot%\system32"
$ScheduledAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction –Execute $Task -WorkingDirectory $WorkingDir -Argument $Argument
$ScheduledTrigger = @()
$ScheduledTrigger += New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 10:00
$ScheduledTrigger += New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 15:00
$ScheduledSettings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -Compatibility V1 -DontStopOnIdleEnd -ExecutionTimeLimit (New-TimeSpan -Days 3) -Priority 5
$ScheduledTask = New-ScheduledTask -Action $ScheduledAction -Trigger $ScheduledTrigger -Settings $ScheduledSettings
Register-ScheduledTask $TaskName -InputObject $ScheduledTask -User "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
经过一堆混乱之后,让它的工作方式略有不同(它似乎也可以通过GUI正确显示)。
使用schtasks(页面使用的内容)的不利之处在于,据我所知,您不能有多个触发器。
另外,由于我对解决方案进行故障排除的方式(使用了可工作/无效的xml绑定),我也不完全相信我使用的标志是最佳的。
更简单的方法是使用在UI中显示并与PowerShell 2兼容的schtasks。为标准构建而设计的,在创建$ taskrun以查找合适的卷时可能需要使用$ volumeinfo [x]。
$volumeinfo = GWMI -namespace root\cimv2 -class win32_volume
$volumeid = $volumeinfo[1].deviceid
$taskname = "ShadowCopyVolume" + $volumeid.replace("\","").replace("?Volume","")
$taskrun = "C:\Windows\system32\vssadmin.exe Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For=$volumeid"
schtasks /create /RU SYSTEM /SC DAILY /ST 07:00 /RI 60 /DU 12:00 /K /V1 /TN $TaskName /TR "$taskrun "
可以适当地配置以下参数:
注意:/ TR开关在末尾需要空格,如果不存在,它将用双引号替换最终的反斜杠,从而使VSS UI无法识别该任务。
这就是我在PowerShell中使用的。它是我网站的链接,但看起来比这里粘贴的要好得多。
#Enable Volume Shadow copy
clear
$Continue = Read-Host "Enable Volume Shadowcopy (Y/N)?"
while("Y","N" -notcontains $Continue) {
$Continue = Read-Host "Enable Volume Shadowcopy (Y/N)?"
}
if ($Continue -eq "Y") {
#Enable Shadows
vssadmin add shadowstorage /for=C: /on=C: /maxsize=8128MB
vssadmin add shadowstorage /for=D: /on=D: /maxsize=8128MB
#Create Shadows
vssadmin create shadow /for=C:
vssadmin create shadow /for=D:
#Set Shadow Copy Scheduled Task for C: AM
$Action=new-scheduledtaskaction -execute "c:\windows\system32\vssadmin.exe" -Argument "create shadow /for=C:"
$Trigger=new-scheduledtasktrigger -daily -at 6:00AM
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName ShadowCopyC_AM -Trigger $Trigger -Action $Action -Description "ShadowCopyC_AM"
#Set Shadow Copy Scheduled Task for C: PM
$Action=new-scheduledtaskaction -execute "c:\windows\system32\vssadmin.exe" -Argument "create shadow /for=C:"
$Trigger=new-scheduledtasktrigger -daily -at 6:00PM
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName ShadowCopyC_PM -Trigger $Trigger -Action $Action -Description "ShadowCopyC_PM"
#Set Shadow Copy Scheduled Task for D: AM
$Action=new-scheduledtaskaction -execute "c:\windows\system32\vssadmin.exe" -Argument "create shadow /for=D:"
$Trigger=new-scheduledtasktrigger -daily -at 7:00AM
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName ShadowCopyD_AM -Trigger $Trigger -Action $Action -Description "ShadowCopyD_AM"
#Set Shadow Copy Scheduled Task for D: PM
$Action=new-scheduledtaskaction -execute "c:\windows\system32\vssadmin.exe" -Argument "create shadow /for=D:"
$Trigger=new-scheduledtasktrigger -daily -at 7:00PM
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName ShadowCopyD_PM -Trigger $Trigger -Action $Action -Description "ShadowCopyD_PM"
}
卷影复制实际上是通过创建调用vssadmin.exe的任务来启用的。
PowerShell 3.0具有使您能够创建任务的cmdlet,但是这些cmdlet取决于直到Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012才实现的系统调用。您需要以下cmdlet中的以下三个以PowerShell方式执行此操作:
register-scheduledTask
new-scheduledtaskaction
new-scheduledtasktrigger
在Windows的早期版本中,将只能使用schtasks.exe。
但是-这是其他答案的不同之处-以这种方式创建卷影复制任务不是正确的处理方式,因为所做的任何更改都不会显示在GUI中。因此,一个不留神的用户可能不知道已启用卷影复制,从而导致他们启用了它的第二个实例,或者更糟糕的是,无声地覆盖了您的任务(如果您遵循Windows的命名约定(VolumeShadowCopy {$ GUID}))。
您需要做的是通过GUI创建一个(最好在Win7 / Win2008上,因为Windows的新版本默认使用taskxml 1.2而不是更兼容的taskxml 1.1),通过schtasks将任务导出为XML,以编程方式编辑该XML ,将该XML保存为UTF16,然后导入。幸运的是,一旦您一开始就通过了GUI,就可以在命令行中完成所有操作。
我想发布代码,但是我写的是专有的,而且我没有得到雇主的许可。我希望XML技巧至少可以为您节省无数小时。我刚刚在数百台托管服务器上部署了XML解决方案,并取得了巨大的成功。
多亏了每个人,这才对这个线程有所帮助。这很有帮助,为我节省了很多工作。以下PowerShell脚本已在Windows Server 2008 R2上进行了测试。
以下示例在Mo.-Fr之间每2小时创建一个快照。从C卷的08:00h-18:00h开始:
如果要修改计划,只需编辑或替换内联XML数据。
注意:不提供保修。没有责任。在用于生产环境之前,请在您自己的实验室中进行测试。
# German Keyboard-Layout for Console Output. Can be skipped in english enviroments
#chcp 1252 >$null 2>&1
function ConfigureVolumeShadowCopies([string] $diskname, $vssMaxSizeInPercent) {
$xmlDocument = [xml] "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-16'?>
<Task version='1.1' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2004/02/mit/task'>
<RegistrationInfo>
<Author>Administrator</Author>
</RegistrationInfo>
<Triggers>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T08:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T10:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T12:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T14:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T16:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
<CalendarTrigger>
<StartBoundary>2018-01-01T18:00:00</StartBoundary>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<ScheduleByWeek>
<DaysOfWeek>
<Monday />
<Tuesday />
<Wednesday />
<Thursday />
<Friday />
</DaysOfWeek>
<WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval>
</ScheduleByWeek>
</CalendarTrigger>
</Triggers>
<Principals>
<Principal id='Author'>
<UserId>S-1-5-18</UserId>
<RunLevel>HighestAvailable</RunLevel>
</Principal>
</Principals>
<Settings>
<DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>false</DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>
<StopIfGoingOnBatteries>false</StopIfGoingOnBatteries>
<IdleSettings>
<Duration>PT600S</Duration>
<WaitTimeout>PT3600S</WaitTimeout>
<StopOnIdleEnd>false</StopOnIdleEnd>
<RestartOnIdle>false</RestartOnIdle>
</IdleSettings>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<Hidden>false</Hidden>
<RunOnlyIfIdle>false</RunOnlyIfIdle>
<WakeToRun>false</WakeToRun>
<ExecutionTimeLimit>PT259200S</ExecutionTimeLimit>
<Priority>5</Priority>
</Settings>
<Actions Context='Author'>
<Exec>
<Command>C:\Windows\system32\vssadmin.exe</Command>
<Arguments>Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For=\\?\Volume{REPLACEME}\</Arguments>
<WorkingDirectory>%systemroot%\system32</WorkingDirectory>
</Exec>
</Actions>
</Task>"
# Query Volume GUID of the given Volume
$VolumeWmi = gwmi Win32_Volume -Namespace root/cimv2 | ?{ $_.Name -eq ($diskname +"\") }
# Build Variables
$DeviceID = $VolumeWmi.DeviceID.ToUpper().Replace("\\?\VOLUME", "").Replace("\","")
$TaskName = "ShadowCopyVolume" + $DeviceID
$TaskFor = "\\?\Volume" + $DeviceID + "\"
# Replace Volume GUID in XML-Data
$xmlDocument.Task.Actions.Exec.Arguments = "Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For=$TaskFor"
# Write temporary XML-File for Import of scheduled Task with schtask
$xmlDocumentFileName = $PSScriptRoot + "\" + $TaskName + ".xml"
$xmlDocument.Save($xmlDocumentFileName)
# Try to Delete existing Task for VSS
try {
schtasks /delete /TN $Taskname /f
}
catch {
#If Task can not be found: do nothing
}
# Create Scheduled Task
schtasks /Create /XML $xmlDocumentFileName /TN $TaskName
# Create (First) Snapshot
vssadmin Create Shadow /For=$diskname /AutoRetry=15
# Define Max Size of VSS Shadow Storage
vssadmin resize shadowstorage /For=$diskname /On=$diskname /MaxSize=$vssMaxSizeInPercent
# Delete temporary XML Document
Remove-Item $xmlDocumentFileName -Force
}
# Start Configuration - for Example on Volume C: with 10% MaxSize
ConfigureVolumeShadowCopies "C:" "10%"
使用下面的代码,我得到了我真正需要的东西,我的要求是配置VSS,但是它也必须在GUI中可见。使它在GUI中可见的关键部分是在user261949指出的计划任务名称中添加卷ID(这有点奇怪,老实说我在搜索注册表项,但我什么也没发现。)。我最终得到了适合我需要的以下代码:
#Enable Volume Shadow copy
#Enable Shadows
vssadmin add shadowstorage /for=C: /on=C: /maxsize=8128MB
#Create Shadows
vssadmin create shadow /for=C:
#create scheduled tasks
$diskname = "C:\"
$VolumeWmi = gwmi Win32_Volume -Namespace root/cimv2 | ?{ $_.Name -eq $diskname }
$DeviceID = $VolumeWmi.DeviceID.ToUpper().Replace("\\?\VOLUME", "").Replace("\","")
$TaskName = "ShadowCopyVolume" + $DeviceID
$TaskFor = "\\?\Volume" + $DeviceID + "\"
$Task = "C:\Windows\system32\vssadmin.exe"
$Argument = "Create Shadow /AutoRetry=15 /For=$TaskFor"
$WorkingDir = "%systemroot%\system32"
$ScheduledAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute $Task -WorkingDirectory
$WorkingDir -Argument $Argument
$ScheduledTrigger = @()
$ScheduledTrigger += New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 07:00
$ScheduledTrigger += New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 12:00
$ScheduledSettings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -Compatibility V1 -DontStopOnIdleEnd -ExecutionTimeLimit (New-TimeSpan -Days 3) -Priority 5
$ScheduledTask = New-ScheduledTask -Action $ScheduledAction -Trigger
$ScheduledTrigger -Settings $ScheduledSettings
Register-ScheduledTask $TaskName -InputObject $ScheduledTask -User 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'
感谢您提供的有用信息!