脚本以自动测试网站是否可用

我是一个孤独的Web开发人员，拥有自己的Centos VPS，为我的客户托管了一些小型网站。今天，我发现我的httpd服务已停止（没有明显的原因-但这是另一个线程）。我重新启动了它，但是现在我需要找到一种方法，如果再次发生，可以通过电子邮件和/或SMS通知我-我不喜欢它，当我的客户打电话告诉我他们的网站不起作用时！

我知道可能有很多不同的可能性，包括服务器监视软件。我认为我真正需要的是一个脚本，该脚本可以作为我的开发主机（永久在我的办公室中运行）的cron作业运行，该脚本尝试从生产服务器加载页面，如果页面在30分钟内未加载，几秒钟后，它会向我发送电子邮件或短信。我在shell脚本编写方面非常垃圾，因此是这个问题。

任何建议将不胜感激。

好吧...最简单的脚本，我可以这样写：

/usr/bin/wget "www.example.com" --timeout 30 -O - 2>/dev/null | grep "Normal operation string" || echo "The site is down" | /usr/bin/mail -v -s "Site is down" your@e-mail.address

将其添加到cron中：

* * * * * /usr/bin/wget "www.example.com" --timeout 30 -O - 2>/dev/null  | grep "Normal operation string" || echo "The site is down" | /usr/bin/mail -v -s "Site is down" your@e-mail.address

但是，告诉您问题出在哪儿太简单了。

UPD：现在，这种单线检查页面上的特定字符串（“正常操作字符串”），该字符串仅在正常操作时出现。

UPD2：一种在电子邮件中发送错误页面的简单方法：

/usr/bin/wget "www.example.com" --timeout 30 -O - 2>/dev/null | grep "Normal operation string" || /usr/bin/wget "www.example.com" --timeout 30 -O - 2>/dev/null | /usr/bin/mail -v -s "Site is down" your@e-mail.address

缺点是在第一次测试失败的情况下会重新请求页面。这次请求可能成功，您将不会看到错误。当然，可以存储输出并将其作为附件发送，但这会使脚本更加复杂。

看一下这个脚本：

• http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/276934.html

curl是用于获取URL的命令行实用程序。该脚本检查退出代码（$？表示shell脚本中最新命令的退出代码），如果它不是0，则报告错误（退出代码0通常表示成功）。如HUB的答案所述，||当第一个命令失败时，您也可以仅在命令行上运行第二个命令。

确定状态后，您只需要向自己发送一些邮件即可。这是一个使用mail命令从外壳脚本发送邮件的示例，假设您要测试的框具有SMTP设置：

• http://www.crazysquirrel.com/computing/debian/scripts/email-via-script.jspx

顺便说一句：如果您不擅长使用Shell脚本，请不要将自己局限于Shell脚本。您可以使用ruby脚本，php脚本，服务器可以运行的任何类型的脚本！只需#!/path/to/executable在脚本开头添加该行-例如：

#!/usr/bin/php

检查此脚本。它会检查网站列表，并在出现问题时发送电子邮件（到电子邮件列表）（http响应不同于200）。该脚本会创建一个.temp文件来“记住”哪个网站最后一次检查失败，因此您不会收到多封电子邮件。网站再次运行时，.temp文件将被删除。

#!/bin/bash
# list of websites. each website in new line. leave an empty line in the end.
LISTFILE=/scripts/isOnline/websites.lst
# Send mail in case of failure to. leave an empty line in the end.
EMAILLISTFILE=/scripts/isOnline/emails.lst

# `Quiet` is true when in crontab; show output when it's run manually from shell.
# Set THIS_IS_CRON=1 in the beginning of your crontab -e.
# else you will get the output to your email every time
if [ -n "$THIS_IS_CRON" ]; then QUIET=true; else QUIET=false; fi

function test {
  response=$(curl --write-out %{http_code} --silent --output /dev/null $1)
  filename=$( echo $1 | cut -f1 -d"/" )
  if [ "$QUIET" = false ] ; then echo -n "$p "; fi

  if [ $response -eq 200 ] ; then
    # website working
    if [ "$QUIET" = false ] ; then
      echo -n "$response "; echo -e "\e[32m[ok]\e[0m"
    fi
    # remove .temp file if exist.
    if [ -f cache/$filename ]; then rm -f cache/$filename; fi
  else
    # website down
    if [ "$QUIET" = false ] ; then echo -n "$response "; echo -e "\e[31m[DOWN]\e[0m"; fi
    if [ ! -f cache/$filename ]; then
        while read e; do
            # using mailx command
            echo "$p WEBSITE DOWN" | mailx -s "$1 WEBSITE DOWN" $e
            # using mail command
            #mail -s "$p WEBSITE DOWN" "$EMAIL"
        done < $EMAILLISTFILE
        echo > cache/$filename
    fi
  fi
}

# main loop
while read p; do
  test $p
done < $LISTFILE

将以下行添加到crontab config（$ crontab -e）

THIS_IS_CRON=1
*/30 * * * * /path/to/isOnline/checker.sh

在Github上可用

我知道上述所有脚本都是您所要求的，但是我建议您查看monit，因为如果apache关闭，它将向您发送电子邮件，但也会重新启动（如果关闭）。

我建议为此。他们的免费服务使您可以检查1个站点，但这仅是检查1个服务器的全部。如果您有iPhone，他们可以免费向您发送消息，因此您无需从他们处购买SMS积分，并且可以使用多种设置。我的系统将在2次重试（10分钟）后通知我，此后每10分钟停机。很棒，因为它还会检查表明站点已关闭的HTTP 500消息。如果失败，它将立即从其他位置的其他服务器再次检查您的站点。如果那一次失败了，那将触发您对如何/何时收到通知的偏好。

以上内容略有变化。

用于每10秒检查网站是否可用的脚本。将失败的尝试记录到siteuptime.txt文件中，以便以后查看（或在excel中绘制）。

#!/bin/bash
# Check site every 10 seconds, log failed connection attempts in siteuptime.txt
while true; do
echo "Checking site...";
/usr/bin/wget "http://www.mysite" --timeout 6 -O - 2>/dev/null | grep "My String On page" || echo "The site is down" | date --iso-8601=seconds >> siteuptime.txt;
sleep 10;
done;

#!/bin/bash

################Files to be created before starting exicution####################
# sudo apt-get install alsa alsa-utils                                                  #
# mkdir -p $HOME/scripts                                                                    #
# touch $HOME/scripts/URL_File                                                              #
# touch $HOME/scripts/alert_Data                                                            #
# touch /tmp/http                                                                               #
# touch /tmp/http_file                                                                        #
# Download alert.wav file and copy it into $HOME/scripts directory                #
#################################################################################

####### checking existing process and creating temp files for URLs###############
Proc=$(ps -ef | grep http_alerts.sh | wc -l)
number=$(ps -ef | grep http_alerts.sh)
if [ $Proc -gt 3 ]
then
    echo "Script Already Running. Please kill PID($number) and restart"
else
FILE="$HOME/scripts/URL_File"
myfileval=1
while read -r line_read; do
    echo $line_read > /tmp/http_file
    File_name=$(cat /tmp/http_file | awk -v "val=$myfileval" 'NR==val {print $2}')
    File_name_val=$(ls /tmp/$File_name 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
    File_name_val0=0
    if [ $File_name_val -eq $File_name_val0 ]
    then 
        touch /tmp/$File_name
    fi
done < "$FILE"
####### checking existing process and finding temp files for URLs###############
echo "############ SCRIPT STARTED WORKING ################"
echo "############ SCRIPT STARTED WORKING ################" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
echo " " >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
####### Continues Loop to check the URLs without break           ###############
while true
do
#######  Reading file URLs                                       ###############
### URL formate- http or https URL; 
### remarks; if domain name 0 else 1; 
### domain without proto(http/https); 
### Public_1; Public_2; ########
filename="$HOME/scripts/URL_File" ### file path
while read -r line; do
        echo $line > /tmp/http ### inserting each line data to temparary file
### Checking Internet Connection #######
        while true
        do
            if ping -q -c 1 -W 1 8.8.8.8 >/dev/null; 
        then   
            break
        else 
            echo "You are not connected to internet. Please wait"
            sleep 5  
        fi
        done 
### Checking Internet Connection #######
    myval=1
    i=$((i+1))
    j=7
    k=$(shuf -i 1-${j} -n 1)
    l=30
    i=$(($l+$k)) ##### Color code 31 to 37
    echo ""
    echo ""
    URL=$(cat /tmp/http |  awk -v "val=$myval" 'NR==val {print $1}')  ### 1st paramater from file. example: http://myabcd.com
    Server_State=$(cat /tmp/http |  awk -v "val=$myval" 'NR==val {print $2}') ### 2nd paramater from file. example: this_is_myabcd_site
    val3=$(cat /tmp/http | awk -v "val=$myfileval" 'NR==val {print $3}') ### 3rd paramater from file. 0 or 1
    val4=$(cat /tmp/http | awk -v "val=$myfileval" 'NR==val {print $4}') ### 4rd paramater from file. example: myabcd.com
    val5=$(cat /tmp/http | awk -v "val=$myfileval" 'NR==val {print $5}') ### 5th paramater from file. example: 123.123.123.111
    val6=$(cat /tmp/http | awk -v "val=$myfileval" 'NR==val {print $5}') ### 6th paramater from file. example: 123.123.123.222
echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
echo "\e[1;${i}m| Cheking URL :   $URL                             \e[0m"
echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
echo "\e[1;${i}m| Cheking URL :   $URL                             \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
DATA=$(date) ### time stamp 
code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" $URL) ### getting URL response code
if [ $code -eq 200 -o $code -eq 301 -o $code -eq 302 ] ### checking with sucessful response codes
then 
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" 
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" 
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
elif [ $code -eq 404 -o $code -eq 500 ] ### checking with error response codes
then 
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| HTTP TIME   :   $code                            \e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m"
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| HTTP CODE   :   $code                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    echo "\e[1;${i}m-------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
    aplay $HOME/scripts/alert.wav 2> /dev/null ### On failure buzzer will sound
    /usr/bin/truncate -s 0 /tmp/$Server_State  ### truncate the file with server failure count data
    echo " Dear Admin Team \n The $URL is DOWN for the State $Server_State. The HTTP response code is $code " | mail -s "$Server_State is down" -a "From: from@mail.com" yourmail1@mail.com,yourmail2@mail.com >> /dev/null   ### On failure sending mail
elif [ $code -eq 000 ]
then
   LNUM=$(cat /tmp/$Server_State | wc -l)
   LNUM0=0
   oval=0
    if [ $val3 -eq $oval ] ### checking Domain or Public IP
    then
    dname=$(nslookup $val4 | awk '/^Address: /{print $2}') ### getting domain name Public IPs
        for dname_i in $dname
        do
            dname_url="http://$dname_i/" ### Making Public IP as http URL
            dname_code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" $dname_url)  ### getting public IP response
            if [ $dname_code -eq 200 -o $dname_code -eq 301 -o $dname_code -eq 302 ]  ### If success response
            then
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
            echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
            echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" 
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" 
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
            echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
            echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
            echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
            else #### if did not success response 
                    if [ $LNUM -eq $LNUM0 ] ### If no failure count, then add the failure count from 1
                        then
                        echo "$Server_State 0" > /tmp/$Server_State
                        else 
                        ALT=$(cat /tmp/$Server_State |  awk -v "val=$myval" 'NR==val {print $2}')  ### server failure count
                        ALT5=5
                        if [ $ALT -eq $ALT5 ] ### If failure count is 5 then alert with sound and send mail
                        then
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| HTTP CODE   :   $code                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| HTTP CODE   :   $code                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        aplay $HOME/scripts/alert.wav 2> /dev/null  ### On failure buzzer will sound
                        /usr/bin/truncate -s 0 /tmp/$Server_State   ### truncate the file with server failure count data
                        echo " Dear Admin Team \n The $URL is DOWN for the State $Server_State. The HTTP response code is $code " | mail -s "$Server_State is down" -a "From: from@mail.com" yourmail1@mail.com,yourmail2@mail.com >> /dev/null   ### On failure sending mail 
                        else
                        ALT=$((ALT+1)) ### increase server failure count
                        echo "$Server_State $ALT" > /tmp/$Server_State
                        fi
                        fi
                    fi
                    done
                    oval1=1
                    elif [ $val3 -eq $oval1 ]   ### No domain name backup public IPs are there
                    then
                        if [ "$val5" != "" ]  ### first Public IP of diffrent ISP
                        then 
                        dname_url="http://$val5/" ### making URL with public IP
                        dname_code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" $dname_url)   ### getting response code
                        if [ $dname_code -eq 200 -o $dname_code -eq 301 -o $dname_code -eq 302 ] ### validating response code
                        then
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" 
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" 
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        elif [ "$val6" != "" ]  ### second Public IP of diffrent ISP
                        then 
                        dname_url="http://$val6/" ### making URL with public IP
                        dname_code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" $dname_url)   ### getting response code
                        if [ $dname_code -eq 200 -o $dname_code -eq 301 -o $dname_code -eq 302 ] ### validating response code
                        then
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" 
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" 
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| UP TIME     :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[1;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        else
                        if [ $LNUM -eq $LNUM0 ]
                        then
                        echo "$Server_State 0" > /tmp/$Server_State
                        else
                        ALT=$(cat /tmp/$Server_State |  awk -v "val=$myval" 'NR==val {print $2}')  ### server failure count
                        ALT5=5
                        if [ $ALT -eq $ALT5 ]
                        then
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| HTTP CODE   :   $code                            \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m"
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| URL IS DOWN :   $URL                             \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| DOWN TIME   :   $DATA                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| HTTP CODE   :   $code                            \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m| Server State:   $Server_State                    \e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        echo "\e[0;${i}m---------------------------------------------------\e[0m" >> $HOME/scripts/alert_Data
                        aplay $HOME/scripts/alert.wav 2> /dev/null
                        /usr/bin/truncate -s 0 /tmp/$Server_State
                        echo " Dear Admin Team \n The $URL is DOWN for the State $Server_State. The HTTP response code is $code " | mail -s "$Server_State is down" -a "From: from@mail.com" yourmail1@mail.com,yourmail2@mail.com >> /dev/null   ### On failure sending mail
                        else
                        ALT=$((ALT+1))
                        echo "$Server_State $ALT" > /tmp/$Server_State
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi
fi
sleep 4
vl=1
pdate=$(ls -l $HOME/scripts/alert_Data | awk -v "val=$vl" 'NR==val {print $7}')   ### getting file created day
ddate=$(date | awk -v "val=$vl" 'NR==val {print $3}') ### current day count
if [ $pdate -gt $ddate ]  ### validating file created day and current
then 
d=`date +%m-%d-%Y`
mv $HOME/scripts/alert_Data $HOME/scripts/alert_Data$d  ### taking backup of existing file with time stamp
touch $HOME/scripts/alert_Data ### creating new file
fi
done < "$filename"
done
fi
#######################################################################################################################################################
#The content of $HOME/scripts/URL_File is as below
#Please remove "#" and Headline titles. Each parameter will be read by the difrence of spaces.
#URLoftheSite           Remarks         Domain(0)/IPstatus(1)   Domain_name(without protocol)   PublicIP_1      PublicIP_2  
#http://myexamplesite.com   this_is_myexamplesite   1           myexamplesite.com       123.123.123.111     123.123.123.222

由于您的VPS上有许多网站，因此我建议您可以使用网站监视网站（例如host-tracker.com）开设帐户。除了提醒您网站是否关闭以外，它们还为您提供每周，每月和每年的正常运行时间。Whish对于管理和性能非常有帮助。

这个怎么样：

#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd status
if [[ $? == 3 ]]; then
   echo "Httpd is down `date`" | mail support@example.com
   exit 1
fi
exit 0