为解决这一问题,最好的方法是使用SetSystemFileCacheSize
API作为MS KB976618 责成 用于指示。
不要定期清除缓存
使用该SetSystemFileCacheSize
功能而不是定期清除缓存可以提高性能和稳定性。定期清除缓存将导致过多的图元文件和其他信息从内存中清除,Windows将必须将所需的信息从HDD重新读回RAM。每当您清除缓存时,这都会导致性能突然严重下降几秒钟,其后的良好性能会随着内存中填充图元文件数据而逐渐降低。
使用该SetSystemFileCacheSize
函数设置的最小值和最大值将导致Windows将多余的旧图元文件数据标记为备用内存,常规缓存功能可以根据当前资源需求和常规缓存优先级使用或丢弃这些数据。如果Windows没有将内存用于其他任何事情,同时还保留了大量可用内存,这还允许将比您设置的活动内存最大值更多的元文件数据作为备用数据保存在内存中。这是始终保持系统性能特征的理想情况。
MS不支持第三方程序
如果您像我一样,并且不想在生产服务器上运行来自某个未知第三方的二进制文件,则需要一个正式的MS工具或一些可以在这些服务器上运行之前检查的代码。2008 R2的DynCache工具几乎不可能从M $中获得,而无需支付支持案例,并且坦率地说,基于2008年的代码,由于Windows已经具有动态调整大小所需的内置逻辑,因此该任务似乎过分膨胀缓存-它只需要知道适合您系统的最大值。
以上所有解决方案
我写了一个Powershell脚本,可在64位计算机上使用。您需要以具有提升的特权的管理员身份运行它。您应该能够按原样在任何x64 Windows Vista / Server 2008以及更高版本(包括10 / Server 2012 R2,包括任意RAM)上运行它。您不需要安装任何其他软件,因此可以使服务器/工作站完全受MS支持。
您应在每次引导时以提升的特权运行此脚本,以使设置永久生效。Windows Task Scheduler可以为您执行此操作。如果Windows安装在虚拟机内部,并且您更改了分配给该VM的RAM数量,则还应在更改后运行它。
您甚至可以在正在运行的系统上随时在运行的系统上运行此脚本,而不必重新引导系统或关闭任何服务。
# Filename: setfc.ps1
$version = 1.1
#########################
# Settings
#########################
# The percentage of physical ram that will be used for SetSystemFileCache Maximum
$MaxPercent = 12.5
#########################
# Init multipliers
#########################
$OSBits = ([System.IntPtr]::Size) * 8
switch ( $OSBits)
{
32 { $KiB = [int]1024 }
64 { $KiB = [long]1024 }
default {
# not 32 or 64 bit OS. what are you doing??
$KiB = 1024 # and hope it works anyway
write-output "You have a weird OS which is $OSBits bit. Having a go anyway."
}
}
# These values "inherit" the data type from $KiB
$MiB = 1024 * $KiB
$GiB = 1024 * $MiB
$TiB = 1024 * $GiB
$PiB = 1024 * $TiB
$EiB = 1024 * $PiB
#########################
# Calculated Settings
#########################
# Note that because we are using signed integers instead of unsigned
# these values are "limited" to 2 GiB or 8 EiB for 32/64 bit OSes respectively
$PhysicalRam = 0
$PhysicalRam = [long](invoke-expression (((get-wmiobject -class "win32_physicalmemory").Capacity) -join '+'))
if ( -not $? ) {
write-output "Trying another method of detecting amount of installed RAM."
}
if ($PhysicalRam -eq 0) {
$PhysicalRam = [long]((Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory) # gives value a bit less than actual
}
if ($PhysicalRam -eq 0) {
write-error "Cannot Detect Physical Ram Installed. Assuming 4 GiB."
$PhysicalRam = 4 * $GiB
}
$NewMax = [long]($PhysicalRam * 0.01 * $MaxPercent)
# The default value
# $NewMax = 1 * $TiB
#########################
# constants
#########################
# Flags bits
$FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_ENABLE = 1
$FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_DISABLE = 2
$FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_ENABLE = 4
$FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_DISABLE = 8
################################
# C# code
# for interface to kernel32.dll
################################
$source = @"
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace MyTools
{
public static class cache
{
[DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern bool GetSystemFileCacheSize(
ref IntPtr lpMinimumFileCacheSize,
ref IntPtr lpMaximumFileCacheSize,
ref IntPtr lpFlags
);
[DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern bool SetSystemFileCacheSize(
IntPtr MinimumFileCacheSize,
IntPtr MaximumFileCacheSize,
Int32 Flags
);
[DllImport("kernel32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern int GetLastError();
public static bool Get( ref IntPtr a, ref IntPtr c, ref IntPtr d )
{
IntPtr lpMinimumFileCacheSize = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr lpMaximumFileCacheSize = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr lpFlags = IntPtr.Zero;
bool b = GetSystemFileCacheSize(ref lpMinimumFileCacheSize, ref lpMaximumFileCacheSize, ref lpFlags);
a = lpMinimumFileCacheSize;
c = lpMaximumFileCacheSize;
d = lpFlags;
return b;
}
public static bool Set( IntPtr MinimumFileCacheSize, IntPtr MaximumFileCacheSize, Int32 Flags )
{
bool b = SetSystemFileCacheSize( MinimumFileCacheSize, MaximumFileCacheSize, Flags );
if ( !b ) {
Console.Write("SetSystemFileCacheSize returned Error with GetLastError = ");
Console.WriteLine( GetLastError() );
}
return b;
}
}
public class AdjPriv
{
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges(IntPtr htok, bool disall, ref TokPriv1Luid newst, int len, IntPtr prev, IntPtr relen);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern bool OpenProcessToken(IntPtr h, int acc, ref IntPtr phtok);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern bool LookupPrivilegeValue(string host, string name, ref long pluid);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
internal struct TokPriv1Luid
{
public int Count;
public long Luid;
public int Attr;
}
internal const int SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x00000002;
internal const int SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED = 0x00000000;
internal const int TOKEN_QUERY = 0x00000008;
internal const int TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x00000020;
public static bool EnablePrivilege(long processHandle, string privilege, bool disable)
{
bool retVal;
TokPriv1Luid tp;
IntPtr hproc = new IntPtr(processHandle);
IntPtr htok = IntPtr.Zero;
retVal = OpenProcessToken(hproc, TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, ref htok);
tp.Count = 1;
tp.Luid = 0;
if(disable)
{
tp.Attr = SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED;
} else {
tp.Attr = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
}
retVal = LookupPrivilegeValue(null, privilege, ref tp.Luid);
retVal = AdjustTokenPrivileges(htok, false, ref tp, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
return retVal;
}
}
}
"@
# Add the c# code to the powershell type definitions
Add-Type -TypeDefinition $source -Language CSharp
#########################
# Powershell Functions
#########################
function output-flags ($flags)
{
Write-output ("FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_ENABLE : " + (($flags -band $FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_ENABLE) -gt 0) )
Write-output ("FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_DISABLE : " + (($flags -band $FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_DISABLE) -gt 0) )
Write-output ("FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_ENABLE : " + (($flags -band $FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_ENABLE) -gt 0) )
Write-output ("FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_DISABLE : " + (($flags -band $FILE_CACHE_MIN_HARD_DISABLE) -gt 0) )
write-output ""
}
#########################
# Main program
#########################
write-output ""
#########################
# Get and set privilege info
$ProcessId = $pid
$processHandle = (Get-Process -id $ProcessId).Handle
$Privilege = "SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege"
$Disable = $false
Write-output ("Enabling SE_INCREASE_QUOTA_NAME status: " + [MyTools.AdjPriv]::EnablePrivilege($processHandle, $Privilege, $Disable) )
write-output ("Program has elevated privledges: " + ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator") )
write-output ""
whoami /PRIV | findstr /I "SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege" | findstr /I "Enabled"
if ( -not $? ) {
write-error "user Security Token SE_INCREASE_QUOTA_NAME: Disabled`r`n"
}
write-output "`r`n"
#########################
# Get Current Settings
# Init variables
$SFCMin = 0
$SFCMax = 0
$SFCFlags = 0
#Get Current values from kernel
$status = [MyTools.cache]::Get( [ref]$SFCMin, [ref]$SFCMax, [ref]$SFCFlags )
#typecast values so we can do some math with them
$SFCMin = [long]$SFCMin
$SFCMax = [long]$SFCMax
$SFCFlags = [long]$SFCFlags
write-output "Return values from GetSystemFileCacheSize are: "
write-output "Function Result : $status"
write-output " Min : $SFCMin"
write-output (" Max : $SFCMax ( " + $SFCMax / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 + " GiB )")
write-output " Flags : $SFCFlags"
output-flags $SFCFlags
#########################
# Output our intentions
write-output ("Physical Memory Detected : $PhysicalRam ( " + $PhysicalRam / $GiB + " GiB )")
write-output ("Setting Max to " + $MaxPercent + "% : $NewMax ( " + $NewMax / $MiB + " MiB )`r`n")
#########################
# Set new settings
$SFCFlags = $SFCFlags -bor $FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_ENABLE # set max enabled
$SFCFlags = $SFCFlags -band (-bnot $FILE_CACHE_MAX_HARD_DISABLE) # unset max dissabled if set
# or if you want to override this calculated value
# $SFCFlags = 0
$status = [MyTools.cache]::Set( $SFCMin, $NewMax, $SFCFlags ) # calls the c# routine that makes the kernel API call
write-output "Set function returned: $status`r`n"
# if it was successfull the new SystemFileCache maximum will be NewMax
if ( $status ) {
$SFCMax = $NewMax
}
#########################
# After setting the new values, get them back from the system to confirm
# Re-Init variables
$SFCMin = 0
$SFCMax = 0
$SFCFlags = 0
#Get Current values from kernel
$status = [MyTools.cache]::Get( [ref]$SFCMin, [ref]$SFCMax, [ref]$SFCFlags )
#typecast values so we can do some math with them
$SFCMin = [long]$SFCMin
$SFCMax = [long]$SFCMax
$SFCFlags = [long]$SFCFlags
write-output "Return values from GetSystemFileCacheSize are: "
write-output "Function Result : $status"
write-output " Min : $SFCMin"
write-output (" Max : $SFCMax ( " + $SFCMax / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 + " GiB )")
write-output " Flags : $SFCFlags"
output-flags $SFCFlags
顶部附近有一行显示,$MaxPercent = 12.5
它将新的最大工作集(活动内存)设置为总物理RAM的12.5%。Windows将根据系统需求动态调整活动内存中图元文件数据的大小,因此您无需动态调整此最大值。
这不会解决因映射文件缓存太大而引起的任何问题。
我还制作了一个GetSystemFileCacheSize
Powershell脚本并将其发布在StackOverflow上。
编辑:我还应该指出,您不应从同一Powershell实例中多次运行这两个脚本中的任何一个,否则您将收到错误消息,Add-Type
即已进行了调用。
编辑:将SetSystemFileCacheSize
脚本更新为1.1版,该脚本可以为您计算适当的最大缓存值,并具有更好的状态输出布局。
编辑:现在我已经升级了Windows 7笔记本电脑,我可以告诉您该脚本可以在Windows 10中成功运行,尽管我尚未测试是否仍然需要它。但是即使移动虚拟机HDD文件,我的系统仍然稳定。