Apache请求处于“ ..reading ..”状态

10

我们最近在服务器上达到了maxclients（300），并注意到许多连接都停留在R读取状态。以下是我们的服务器状态转储摘录：

Current Time: Monday, 29-Apr-2013 11:46:00 PDT
Restart Time: Monday, 29-Apr-2013 11:03:48 PDT
Parent Server Generation: 0
Server uptime: 42 minutes 12 seconds
Total accesses: 144170 - Total Traffic: 29.8 MB
CPU Usage: u188.25 s345.65 cu2601.11 cs0 - 124% CPU load
56.9 requests/sec - 12.0 kB/second - 216 B/request
244 requests currently being processed, 56 idle workers
KRR_RRRRRRRRRRRR_RRRKRRRR.......................................
K_RRK_RK_RKR_RRR_RRRR_R_R.......................................
RRRRRRRRRRRRRC_CR___RCRR_.......................................
R_RRRCRRRRRRRRCRRRCRRKRCR.......................................
R_K_RKR_CRRRRRRKC_RR_KR_R.......................................
RRRRKRR__RRRRKRRCR_RRRRRR.......................................
_RCRRRRRRRRRKR__RR_RRCRRR.......................................
RRRRRRRRCRRRRRRKRRRR_RCRR.......................................
R___RRCR__RR__RRRKC___RK_.......................................
_R_KCR__RR__R_R_RRRRRR_RK.......................................
RRR_RR___RCRRK_R_RWRR_RRC.......................................
RRKRCRRRRRRRRKRRRRRRRRCRR.......................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................


Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process

Srv PID Acc M   CPU SS  Req Conn    Child   Slot    Client  VHost   Request
0-0 10320   1/718/718   K   399.14  0   42  0.0 0.21    0.21    69.171.178.24   mysite.com  GET /home.php
0-0 10320   0/434/434   R   398.21  8   40  0.0 0.07    0.07    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/548/548   R   331.52  558 45  0.0 0.12    0.12    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/460/460   _   399.05  0   42  0.0 0.08    0.08    98.129.101.123  mysite.com  GET /home.php
0-0 10320   0/473/473   R   364.89  301 48  0.0 0.09    0.09    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/616/616   R   396.18  26  46  0.0 0.11    0.11    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/494/494   R   378.84  127 48  0.0 0.10    0.10    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/231/231   R   311.62  687 43  0.0 0.04    0.04    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/376/376   R   391.17  76  53  0.0 0.08    0.08    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/377/377   R   380.72  176 53  0.0 0.07    0.07    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/589/589   R   355.07  382 47  0.0 0.10    0.10    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/587/587   R   393.16  56  50  0.0 0.13    0.13    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/561/561   R   393.89  49  40  0.0 0.10    0.10    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/616/616   R   389.88  81  41  0.0 0.22    0.22    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/354/354   R   392.12  59  42  0.0 0.06    0.06    ?   ?   ..reading..
0-0 10320   0/346/346   R   377.51  192 44  0.0 0.06    0.06    ?   ?   ..reading..

为什么在这种R状态下有那么多？SS列真的表示他们已经阅读558、301等秒了吗？

这是我的一些服务器信息和设置：

Server version: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix)
Server built:   Mar 22 2013 10:57:57
Cpanel::Easy::Apache v3.18.9 rev9999
Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:31 Server loaded:  APR 1.4.6, APR-Util 1.4.1 Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-Util 1.4.1
Architecture:   64-bit
Server MPM:     Worker
  threaded:     yes (fixed thread count)
    forked:     yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
 -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/worker"
 -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
 -D APR_HAS_MMAP
 -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)  -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE  -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE  -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT  -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD  -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS  -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128  -D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache"
 -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache/bin/suexec"
 -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
 -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
 -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
 -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

StartServers 5
<IfModule prefork.c>
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
</IfModule>
ServerLimit 300
MaxClients 300
MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
KeepAlive On
KeepAliveTimeout 1
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

Here are compiled in modules:
  core.c
  mod_authn_file.c
  mod_authn_dbm.c
  mod_authn_dbd.c
  mod_authn_default.c
  mod_authn_alias.c
  mod_authz_host.c
  mod_authz_groupfile.c
  mod_authz_user.c
  mod_authz_dbm.c
  mod_authz_default.c
  mod_auth_basic.c
  mod_auth_digest.c
  mod_file_cache.c
  mod_cache.c
  mod_disk_cache.c
  mod_include.c
  mod_filter.c
  mod_deflate.c
  mod_log_config.c
  mod_log_forensic.c
  mod_logio.c
  mod_env.c
  mod_mime_magic.c
  mod_expires.c
  mod_headers.c
  mod_unique_id.c
  mod_setenvif.c
  mod_version.c
  mod_proxy.c
  mod_proxy_connect.c
  mod_proxy_ftp.c
  mod_proxy_http.c
  mod_proxy_scgi.c
  mod_proxy_ajp.c
  mod_proxy_balancer.c
  mod_ssl.c
  worker.c
  http_core.c
  mod_mime.c
  mod_dav.c
  mod_status.c
  mod_autoindex.c
  mod_asis.c
  mod_info.c
  mod_suexec.c
  mod_cgid.c
  mod_dav_fs.c
  mod_dav_lock.c
  mod_negotiation.c
  mod_dir.c
  mod_actions.c
  mod_speling.c
  mod_userdir.c
  mod_alias.c
  mod_rewrite.c
  mod_so.c

重新启动阅读请求后，每次都会慢慢开始建立备份。谢谢您的帮助！

更新：这是netstat -pn：

tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            54.235.31.205:41209         TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            166.147.121.170:63246       TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            50.128.171.238:50751        FIN_WAIT2   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            89.241.135.84:24825         TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            205.142.167.225:33256       TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            76.127.87.244:56493         TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            205.153.156.222:21571       TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            108.12.147.14:61135         TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:80            166.217.157.32:1630         TIME_WAIT   -                   
tcp        0      0 198.57.162.52:443           71.22.102.71:4252           TIME_WAIT   -

样本lsof输出：

httpd      4092   nobody   25u     IPv4          711278095         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->4.sub-70-193-66.myvzw.com:12471 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   26u     IPv4          711350284         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->c75-111-15-253.amrlcmta01.tx.dh.suddenlink.net:51298 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   27u     IPv4          711400163         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->108-235-145-129.lightspeed.irvnca.sbcglobal.net:56037 (FIN_WAIT2)
httpd      4092   nobody   28u     IPv4          711390092         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->c-98-239-167-37.hsd1.pa.comcast.net:57988 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   29u     IPv4          711206563         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->252.sub-70-199-129.myvzw.com:6179 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   30u     IPv4          711271036         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:https->5.71.20.78:62114 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   31u     IPv4          711385050         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->64.128.135.115:17547 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   32u     IPv4          711400374         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:https->mbb5336d0.tmodns.net:36277 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   33u     IPv4          711378965         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->us-chi-exchange.brightstarcorp.com:47707 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   34u     IPv4          711394997         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:https->209-152-137-170.dsl.mcmo.net:64370 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   35u     IPv4          711391122         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->c-76-125-136-230.hsd1.oh.comcast.net:57093 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   36u     IPv4          711398994         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->lookup.eatright.org:60021 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   37u     IPv4          711400972         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->modemcable126.224-130-66.mc.videotron.ca:55970 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   38u     IPv4          711379727         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->c-75-65-146-83.hsd1.ms.comcast.net:50309 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   39u     IPv4          711390427         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:https->66-87-130-177.pools.spcsdns.net:41127 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   40u     IPv4          711401179         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->8.225.196.132:20608 (ESTABLISHED)
httpd      4092   nobody   41u     IPv4          711142701         0t0        TCP 198-57-162-52.unifiedlayer.com:http->c-24-15-33-77.hsd1.il.comcast.net:54631 (ESTABLISHED)
apache-2.2 
— 谢恩
source
1
netstat -pn显示什么？
— Zabuzzman
它显示了一堆处于TIME_WAIT状态的请求-我上面的摘录已进行了更新。
— Shane N
SS的高值表示TIME_WAIT中的连接与处于“ R”状态的工作线程无关。
— Zabuzzman
apache（错误）日志显示什么？
— Zabuzzman
在此服务器的进程表中，您看到的（php）进程与“ R”状态的工作人员一样多吗？“ ps auxww | grep php”
— Zabuzzman13年

Answers:

16

@ShaneN您的服务器即将出现资源故障点。也许您没有临时端口范围，也没有系统文件描述符，这限制了服务器可用于响应请求的套接字数量。读取状态请求意味着套接字已打开，但是请求行从未到达服务器，这是一种称为SlowLoris的DoS形式。为了减轻这种DoS，我首先要：

添加到/etc/sysctl.conf，以下条目：

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10将FIN套接字的超时设置为10秒。

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = "15000 61000" 它将每个IP的临时端口范围设置为大约46000个可能的开放端口。

net.core.somaxconn = 1024-默认值128-该net.core.somaxconn值具有重要作用。它限制了排队到侦听套接字的最大请求数。

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 2000 -默认值1000-会增加传入请求的TCP队列。

将这些行添加到文件后，发出命令sysctl -p以在当前运行时加载内核参数，并检查高峰时间以查看问题是否仍然存在。

— 马塞尔
source
1
哇，马塞尔（Marcel）的出色指示-会尝试这样做，让您知道它的工作原理...
— Shane N
4
马塞尔-谢谢您的回答。我们尝试了上述步骤，但没有解决问题。但SlowLoris信息使我们的apache的插件国防部ReqTimeout（httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_reqtimeout.html，使我们能够在请求超时设置）。问题似乎已解决！谢谢！
— Shane N
很高兴您已经解决了所有问题！但是，如果您调整已经可用的超时变量，则不一定需要此mod。IMO只是在KeepAlive设置中调整超时（SlowLoris使用它来控制服务器），而全局超时var应该可以解决问题！;）
— Marcel
0

这可能是一种拒绝服务攻击，旨在占用侦听套接字并占用您的服务器。如果可以确定是这种情况，建议您尝试使用nginx之类的前端代理，以减轻Apache的压力。这样的代理可以处理大量的连接，至少可以为您提供喘息的空间，以了解发生了什么事情。

— 凯奇拉达
source
我们将域名指向另一台服务器，并且发生了相同的行为。大多数DOS攻击是否通过IP或域发生？
— Shane N
今天，对L7的DOS攻击更有效
— -50/50
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