如何在Ubuntu（Karmic）上强制降级软件包？

对一堆pulseaudio程序包进行更新后，我的麦克风停止工作。没关系，毕竟Karmic仍然在Alpha中。我已将该错误报告给启动板。

同时，我想恢复pulseaudio软件包的更新。不幸的是，没有一个软件包允许我在Synaptic上选择“强制版本”选项。我曾考虑先删除它们，然后再安装旧软件包，但是删除脉冲意味着删除名为ubuntu-desktop的软件包，我担心这可能会使事情更加混乱。我很难找到旧版本的软件包，但最终我将每个* .deb都下载到了我的机器上。

这些是根据Synaptic的历史记录进行的更新。

libpulse-browse0 (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
libpulse0 (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-esound-compat (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-module-gconf (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-module-x11 (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-module-zeroconf (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-utils (1:0.9.15-4ubuntu3) to 1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1
pulseaudio-module-udev (1:0.9.16~test4-0ubuntu1)

有什么建议吗？

如果您不怕弄脏自己的手，最好的方法是：

apt-cache显示软件包名称

根据您的sources.list定义，它将向您显示可以安装的软件包的所有不同版本。您会得到类似的东西（这就是我的样子）：

root@shiny-desktop:/home/shiny# apt-cache show libpulse-browse0
Package: libpulse-browse0
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: sound
Installed-Size: 100
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: i386
Source: pulseaudio
Version: 1:0.9.15-4ubuntu2~ppa1
Depends: libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libc6 (>= 2.4), libcap1, libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.0.2), libgdbm3, libice6 (>= 1:1.0.0), libpulse0 (= 1:0.9.15-4ubuntu2~ppa1), libsm6, libwrap0 (>= 7.6-4~), libx11-6, libxtst6
Description: PulseAudio client libraries (zeroconf support)
 PulseAudio, previously known as Polypaudio, is a sound server for POSIX and
 WIN32 systems. It is a drop in replacement for the ESD sound server with
 much better latency, mixing/re-sampling quality and overall architecture.
 .
 Client libraries used by applications that access a PulseAudio sound server
 via PulseAudio's native interface.
 .
 This package adds support for zeroconf (aka. Avahi, mdns) discovery of
 PulseAudio sinks and sources by client applications.
Homepage: http://www.pulseaudio.org
Original-Maintainer: Pulseaudio maintenance team <pkg-pulseaudio-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org>

Package: libpulse-browse0
Priority: optional
Section: sound
Installed-Size: 144
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Pulseaudio maintenance team <pkg-pulseaudio-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: i386
Source: pulseaudio
Version: 1:0.9.14-0ubuntu20.2
Depends: libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libc6 (>= 2.4), libcap2 (>= 2.11), libgdbm3, libice6 (>= 1:1.0.0), libpulse0 (>= 0.9.14), libsm6, libx11-6
Filename: pool/main/p/pulseaudio/libpulse-browse0_0.9.14-0ubuntu20.2_i386.deb
Size: 31522
MD5sum: d7bf325c04432507420551d7c4e04737
SHA1: 537037b6cdcf2e36ab91fff73a543b2bc9a9d2f6
SHA256: 25c9a83f669f3f14b0fdd59141fc048e3053ccdcae5817f338260342ae1164d0
Description: PulseAudio client libraries (zeroconf support)
 PulseAudio, previously known as Polypaudio, is a sound server for POSIX and
 WIN32 systems. It is a drop in replacement for the ESD sound server with
 much better latency, mixing/re-sampling quality and overall architecture.
 .
 Client libraries used by applications that access a PulseAudio sound server
 via PulseAudio's native interface.
 .
 This package adds support for zeroconf (aka. Avahi, mdns) discovery of
 PulseAudio sinks and sources by client applications.
Homepage: http://www.pulseaudio.org
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-dvd-live, edubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-live, mobile-mid, mobile-netbook-remix

Package: libpulse-browse0
Priority: optional
Section: sound
Installed-Size: 144
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Pulseaudio maintenance team <pkg-pulseaudio-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: i386
Source: pulseaudio
Version: 1:0.9.14-0ubuntu20
Depends: libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libc6 (>= 2.4), libcap2 (>= 2.11), libgdbm3, libice6 (>= 1:1.0.0), libpulse0 (>= 0.9.14), libsm6, libx11-6
Filename: pool/main/p/pulseaudio/libpulse-browse0_0.9.14-0ubuntu20_i386.deb
Size: 31516
MD5sum: 63d4937b22f83cff5cc5be101caa3f27
SHA1: bb436fa7bc14eaad31a9f3778f1a887d96e2521d
SHA256: 1f3a5e7a4376c0ee406f30a1c5ec03dc5f484dc059ceb61462516bb728c6c1c5
Description: PulseAudio client libraries (zeroconf support)
 PulseAudio, previously known as Polypaudio, is a sound server for POSIX and
 WIN32 systems. It is a drop in replacement for the ESD sound server with
 much better latency, mixing/re-sampling quality and overall architecture.
 .
 Client libraries used by applications that access a PulseAudio sound server
 via PulseAudio's native interface.
 .
 This package adds support for zeroconf (aka. Avahi, mdns) discovery of
 PulseAudio sinks and sources by client applications.
Homepage: http://www.pulseaudio.org
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-dvd-live, edubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-live, mobile-mid, mobile-netbook-remix

只需检查可用的其他版本，然后执行：

apt-get install packagname=version

再次以上述输出为例：

apt-get install ibpulse-browse0=1:0.9.14-0ubuntu20

如您所见，我的pulseaudio来自启动板上的ppa，因此，如果我想降级/还原为jaunty提供的原始版本，我将使用安装的所有pulseaudio软件包进行上述操作。

在/etc/apt/preferences：

Package: *
Pin: release a=jaunty
Pin-Priority: 1001

然后aptitude install pulseaudio（以及其他不会自动降级为依赖项的软件包）。

这很可能会导致一系列问题（降级没有得到官方支持或未经过良好测试），但这至少会使版本陷入混乱。

子宫是正确的

您还必须确保/etc/apt/sources.list中有行，以免受到干扰。如果您有正确的sources.list行，则可以从多个版本中选择正确的行。

通过固定，您可以设置首选项您喜欢的版本。

您可以尝试使用“智能”，它具有基于控制台的用户界面。转到底部的相关软件包，您将看到可用的版本。选择所需的版本，然后按键盘上的“ +”。

可能会有“损坏”的程序包，您可以使用“ b”循环它们，并在运行时对其进行修复。