我不知道如何正确配置这些Samba共享。我真的不明白怎么了

我在AskUbuntu论坛，LinuxQuestions以及其他论坛和网站上阅读了很多文章。我真的尝试了配置参数的所有可能组合。
我首先尝试使用适当的参数-我认为应该可以使用的参数-然后我逐步尝试更改所有参数，直到现在：我真的不明白如何设置参数才能使其正常工作。请帮我！

它是如何工作的

• 2股;
• 1个公共用户（可从连接到服务器的每个人访问，读/写），1个受保护（只能使用定义的用户名和密码访问，读/写）；
• 有些用户必须有权访问两个共享（定义的共享），而另一些则只能公共访问。
• 公众共享名称：DSMPubblica；
• 私人共享名：DSMUfficio；
• 在Windows上，我应该能够在DSMPubblica上进行配置，即字母Y：并直接访问它，然后我应该能够在字母Z：中配置DSMUfficio并提示用户名和密码窗口。

额外的努力和日志行

我尝试了更多。我从配置中删除了两个共享，并创建了一个新的公共共享，称为“公共”。当我尝试连接时，Windows表示无法连接。

在日志上，我可以看到：

• smb_pwd_check_ntlmv1: incorrect password length (62)=> ??? 我不希望用户指定密码，Windows甚至都不要求我输入密码。
• process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/dsmufficio failed. Permission denied=> ??? 什么/var/lib/samba/usershares/dsmufficio啊 它在我的Linux服务器中不存在，并且未在配置文件中的任何位置指定（甚至没有“ usershares”）。

怎么了

Windows 7和Windows 8.1都会发生所有事情。

• 我尝试连接新的网络共享；
• 我为DSMPubblica选择字母（Y :)；
• 我写服务器地址（\ 10.10.10.1 \ DSMPubblica）;
• 我选中“重新启动时再次连接”，而不选中“使用不同的凭据连接”（对凭据的检查无关紧要-带有或不带有检查的行为相同）；
• 身份验证窗口提示我！
• 如果单击“确定”而不输入任何用户名，Windows将不允许我继续：他需要用户名和密码。
• 如果我给他设置了DSMUfficio的用户名和密码，则可以连接；
• 对于DSMUfficio也是一样，但是有了这个，Windows可以要求我进行身份验证。
• 如果我选中“保存身份验证凭据”，则在重新启动时会再次询问我所有内容。

我的配置

股份

[DSMUfficio]
    delete readonly = yes
    writeable = yes
    path = /var/dsm/ufficio
    write list = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    force group = dsm
    revalidate = yes
    comment = DSM share locale privata - solo autorizzati
    valid users = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    create mode = 770
    directory mode = 770

[DSMPubblica]
    guest ok = yes
    guest account = 
    writeable = yes
    delete readonly = yes
    path = /var/dsm/pubblica
    force directory mode = 777
    force create mode = 777
    comment = DSM share locale pubblica - senza restrizioni di accesso
    create mode = 777
    public = yes
    browsable = yes
    directory mode = 777

请注意，DSMPubblica配置已多次更改，以尝试使其正常运行。我真的尝试了每种组合……什么都没有。如果您需要更多测试，信息，规格，请询问并让我知道。谢谢。

整体配置

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 
# A well-established practice is to name the original file
# "smb.conf.master" and create the "real" config file with
# testparm -s smb.conf.master >smb.conf
# This minimizes the size of the really used smb.conf file
# which, according to the Samba Team, impacts performance
# However, use this with caution if your smb.conf file contains nested
# "include" statements. See Debian bug #483187 for a case
# where using a master file is not a good idea.
#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = DSM

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
#   security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
;   domain logons = yes
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
#   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#   cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#   an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#   is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom


[DSMUfficio]
    delete readonly = yes
    writeable = yes
    path = /var/dsm/ufficio
    write list = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    force group = dsm
    revalidate = yes
    comment = DSM share locale privata - solo autorizzati
    valid users = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    create mode = 770
    directory mode = 770

[DSMPubblica]
    guest ok = yes
    guest account = 
    writeable = yes
    delete readonly = yes
    path = /var/dsm/pubblica
    force directory mode = 777
    force create mode = 777
    comment = DSM share locale pubblica - senza restrizioni di accesso
    create mode = 777
    public = yes
    browsable = yes
    directory mode = 777

我认为您受到Windows 7和更早版本的困扰，不支持匿名和已验证的同一主机的验证。看看我之前在Serverfault上给出的答案。

这是在[global]部分中设置的用于解决此问题的关键选项：

映射到访客=错误的用户

这是（最终）在这里工作的配置。我可以从Windows访问Linux服务器，而无需询问用户/密码：

[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server %v
netbios name = debian
security = user
map to guest = bad user
dns proxy = no
#============= Share Definitions =================
[adriano]
force user = adriano
path = /home/adriano
browsable =yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = no

我遇到了同样的问题（Windows一直拒绝pi的密码），直到从此YouTube视频中获得提示。基本上我必须运行命令：

sudo smbpasswd -a pi

创建pi samba用户。在Windows上，我只RASPBERRYPI\pi作为用户使用，输入密码即可。

2017年，带有Ubuntu 17的Windows 7

当您不需要安全性或密码提示时，此配置适用于内部专用网或虚拟PC（virtualbox，vmware等）。

用户“ david”的示例

在Ubuntu

sudo apt install samba

编辑配置

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

我在Windows中的PC有工作组：WORKGROUP，所以我没有更改全局部分，只是添加了以下代码块：

[Home Share]
comment = Home Public Folder
path = /home/david/projects
writable = yes
force user = david
public = no
browsable = yes

您需要在ubuntu中将用户添加到samba，创建一个密码：

sudo smbpasswd -a david

重新启动服务

sudo systemctl restart smbd

设置要共享的安全类型。

security = share

在您的公开分享中添加：

public = yes

在这里可以找到更多信息Samba服务器类型信息

发生了类似的问题...发现“群集AD计算机帐户”密码已过期，并添加了该密码以重新加入域以使其正常工作。

碰到这篇文章很有意义。 https://access.redhat.com/discussions/1283873