为什么不yum安装更新？

我认为使用coreutils 时出现错误，yum不会更新。这是我运行时看到的简化输出yum update：

Resolving Dependencies
There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction first to finish them.
The program yum-complete-transaction is found in the yum-utils package.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-3.el6 will be updated
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-3.1.el6 will be an update
... more of the same, and then:
--> Processing Dependency: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2 for package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6 will be an update
... then more of the same    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
--> Running transaction check
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-31.el6_5.2 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2 for package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-431.17.1.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64 (@updates)
           Requires: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2
           Removing: coreutils-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64 (@updates)
               coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2
           Updated By: coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64 (base)
               coreutils = 8.4-37.el6
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
** Found 71 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
audit-libs-2.3.7-5.el6.x86_64 is a duplicate with audit-libs-2.2-4.el6_5.x86_64
audit-libs-python-2.3.7-5.el6.x86_64 is a duplicate with audit-libs-python-2.2-4.el6_5.x86_64
... then lots more like the above duplicate

我有一台与此（几乎）完全相同的服务器（它们是负载平衡的，并且从同一映像工作），并且没有一个相同的问题。可能是什么问题，我最好如何进行？

更新：

我还运行yum-complete-transaction失败，并说它已重命名了事务文件。它仍然说有一个不完整的事务，但是现在在我运行它时会发生：

[root@nico ~]# yum-complete-transaction
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com
drivesrvr                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |  951 B     00:00
There are 1 outstanding transactions to complete. Finishing the most recent one
The remaining transaction had 252 elements left to run
... lots of:
Package name-1.23.x8x_64 already installed and latest version
...
--> Running transaction check
... lots of entries like this:
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-3.el6 will be updated
... and this:
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-3.1.el6 will be an update
... and this:
---> Package audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.2-4.el6_5 will be erased
Killed

然后，它突然停止Killed在行中。

我尝试了yum update --skip-broken下一个运行：

[root@nico ~]# yum update --skip-broken
Freeing read locks for locker 0x7d: 28940/139976145426176
Freeing read locks for locker 0x7f: 28940/139976145426176
Freeing read locks for locker 0x80: 28940/139976145426176
Freeing read locks for locker 0x81: 28940/139976145426176
Freeing read locks for locker 0x82: 28940/139976145426176
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, replace
Setting up Update Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com
drivesrvr                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |  951 B     00:00
Resolving Dependencies
There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction first to finish them.
--> Running transaction check
... lots of will be updated/will be an update/etc, then:
--> Processing Dependency: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2 for package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64

然后再输入几个Running transaction check:s，然后再Processing Dependency: coreutils =...输入更多的willy be updated/willbe an update条目。然后：

Packages skipped because of dependency problems:
    coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64 from base

Dependencies Resolved

然后，我显示了一个表，其中包含Installing:and Updating:包的列表，最后是一个摘要：

Install       2 Package(s)
Upgrade      79 Package(s)
Remove        1 Package(s)

然后下载所有软件包（成功下载81/81），并最终显示以下内容：

Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3.0 MB/s | 115 MB     00:37
Running rpm_check_debug
Killed

更新2：

我也跑了yum clean all，那里也有一些问题。我发现了一些删除__db*文件的建议，然后重试：

[root@nico ~]# yum clean all
rpmdb: Thread/process 29404/139880514733824 failed: Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db3 error(-30974) from dbenv->failchk: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 -  (-30974)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed
[root@nico ~]# rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*
[root@nico ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, replace
Cleaning repos: base drivesrvr epel extras ius newrelic percona-release-noarch percona-release-x86_64 rackspace updates webtatic
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@nico ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, replace
Cleaning repos: base drivesrvr epel extras ius newrelic percona-release-noarch percona-release-x86_64 rackspace updates webtatic
Cleaning up Everything
[root@nico ~]#

更新3：

我/var/log/messages跑步时看到了很多输出yum-complete-transaction，其中最后两行是：

Nov 14 08:19:47 nico kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 30995 (yum-complete-tr) score 149 or sacrifice child
Nov 14 08:19:47 nico kernel: Killed process 30995, UID 0, (yum-complete-tr) total-vm:641952kB, anon-rss:181420kB, file-rss:4kB

因此，大概这表明它与内存有关。如果是这样，这是需要更多RAM的情况，还是我需要研究另一个问题？

类似的问题-和我的解决方法。我的内存也有问题，因此必须升级VPS的内存。然后，我做了一个yum更新-当然出现了上述错误。因此看了看失败的内容，发现发生了什么事，百胜安装了（很好，开始安装）最新的coreutils-版本37，而我仍然有31位。因此，首先删除版本37，然后清理，然后运行yum更新。再次。

这导致“ 31”版本可以干净地“更新”。请参阅以下工作：

--> Running transaction check
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-31.el6_5.2 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2 for package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64 (@updates)
           Requires: coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2
           Removing: coreutils-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64 (@updates)
               coreutils = 8.4-31.el6_5.2
           Updated By: coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64 (base)
               coreutils = 8.4-37.el6
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem

正在运行yum remove coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package coreutils-libs.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
==============================
========================================================================================

Package                         Arch                    Version                    Repository                  Size
======================================================================================================================
Removing:
 coreutils-libs                  x86_64                  8.4-37.el6                  installed                  5.4 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)

Installed size: 5.4 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing    : coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                   1/1 
  Verifying  : coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                   1/1 

Removed:
  coreutils-libs.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6                                                                                  

Complete!

使用清理yum clean all：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

正在执行软件包列表刷新yum update：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Update Process
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.lga7.us.voxel.net
 * extras: mirrors.lga7.us.voxel.net
 * updates: mirror.cc.columbia.edu
base                                                                                           | 3.7 kB     00:00     
base/primary_db                                                                                | 4.6 MB     00:00     
extras                                                                                         | 3.4 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                                                                              |  30 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                                        | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                                                             | 1.5 MB     00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-31.el6_5.2 will be updated
---> Package coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6 will be an update
---> Package coreutils-libs.x86_64 0:8.4-31.el6_5.2 will be updated
---> Package coreutils-libs.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                     Version                       Repository              Size
======================================================================================================================
Updating:
 coreutils                        x86_64                   8.4-37.el6                    base                   3.0 M
 coreutils-libs                   x86_64                   8.4-37.el6                    base                    50 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.1 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 3.0 MB     00:00     
(2/2): coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                    |  50 kB     00:00     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                  44 MB/s | 3.1 MB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating   : coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                   1/4 
  Updating   : coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                        2/4 
  Cleanup    : coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64                                                               3/4 
  Cleanup    : coreutils-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64                                                                    4/4 
  Verifying  : coreutils-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                        1/4 
  Verifying  : coreutils-libs-8.4-37.el6.x86_64                                                                   2/4 
  Verifying  : coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64                                                               3/4 
  Verifying  : coreutils-8.4-31.el6_5.2.x86_64                                                                    4/4 

Updated:
  coreutils.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6                           coreutils-libs.x86_64 0:8.4-37.el6                          

Complete!

-吃

yum垂死的通常原因Killed是系统内存不足。

从您的日志中看，您好像有一个Amazon t1.micro实例或类似大小的实例，并且没有任何交换空间。这种有限的内存量通常不足以完成大量软件包的安装/更新。

要解决此问题，请执行以下任一操作：

1. 关闭运行中的服务，直到您有足够的内存来完成yum事务。

   要么...

2. 将交换文件或临时存储上的交换添加到您的实例。

然后，您应该能够完成您的百胜交易。

最后，要清除以前失败的更新中的软件包问题，请尝试

package-cleanup --cleandupes

在执行任何其他更新之前。

尝试you update --skip-broken跳过损坏的程序包（您可以稍后再处理），可能是yum clean all在执行任何操作之前先运行的好主意。

过滤掉您引用的无关信息，并且yum已中途尝试为您提供帮助：

尚有未完成的交易。您可能会考虑yum-complete-transaction先运行以完成它们。程序yum-complete-transaction可在yum-utils软件包中找到。

你已经尝试过了吗？

尝试一个

yum降级软件包名称

不知道为什么，但是它会更新，或者至少它对tcpdump软件包有用。从版本tcpdump-4.5.1-2.el7.x86_64转到tcpdump-4.7.4-1_ESG_ring.x86_64，这正是我想要的。