事实（请指出任何虚假陈述）：
我在两个相距80毫秒的站点之间建立了100 Mbps的连接
这是一个漫长的胖连接，可以从较大的TCP窗口大小（可能高达100 Mbps * 0.08秒= 1,000,000字节）中受益
两台机器都运行Windows Server2012。“接收窗口自动调整级别”在这两者上都是正常的。两者均禁用“窗口缩放试探法”。
我在一侧运行“ iperf -s”，在另一侧运行“ iperf -c”。传输速度为5 Mbps。我得到相同的结果去另一个方向。
双方都在其SYN中宣传了对TCP滑动窗口的支持。
在整个运行过程中，接收器请求的TCP窗口大小为64,512字节（0xFC00），TCP窗口比例值为“ no shift”（0x000）。
网络能够处理更大的窗口大小（请参见下面的序列图）
接收器使窗口小于网络支持的范围
此连接在IPSEC VPN中发生。隧道接口的MTU在两个方向上均减小到1400字节。
题
- 为什么接收器使窗口小？
无答案
网络坏了
在同一网络上运行的Linux机器将TCP窗口打开到1.5兆字节，并以6倍的带宽传输数据
启用窗口缩放启发式
禁用窗口缩放试探法（请参见下面的“ netsh interface tcp show heuristics”的输出）
接收窗口自动调整级别不正常
接收窗口自动调整级别是正常的（请参见下面的“ netsh接口tcp show global”输出）
这只是在ESXi中的虚拟机上无法正常工作
在同一主机上运行的虚拟linux计算机上，我的性能提高了6倍。
更新1 PDT 2015年6月12日下午4:30
我通过将linux放在连接的一侧来修改了测试。当然，当linux将数据发送到Windows Server 2012时，Windows提供的TCP接收窗口太小（64,512字节）。
当我从Windows向Linux发送数据时，Linux提供了足够大的TCP接收窗口（1,365,120字节）。但是，Windows将发送中的最大发送限制为约60,000字节。
2015年6月13日更新，太平洋夏令时间下午3:00
离根本原因更近了一步。在我的设置中，既未设置SO_SNDBUF也未设置SO_RCVBUF（通过iperf）。这些是有效限制接收窗口的发送和接收缓冲区。如果未指定这些值，则Windows Server 2012将提供默认值64 kB。现在的问题是：
题
- 如果未指定，则Windows Server 2012为什么不动态增加SO_SNDBUF / SO_RCVBUF来容纳MSDN中所述的长胖管道？
非答案
“ netsh winsock显示自动调整”已禁用
已启用。
2015年8月24日更新，太平洋夏令时间下午4:00
netsh显然已被Set-NetTCPSetting和family取代。将Get-NetTCPSetting与Get-NetTCPConnection结合使用可显示我在“ Internet”机制下运行，该机制为我提供了以下设置：
SettingName : Internet
MinRto(ms) : 300
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : CTCP
CwndRestart : False
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 50
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
发件人TCP设置
PS C:\Users\acs> netsh interface tcp show global
Querying active state...
TCP Global Parameters
----------------------------------------------
Receive-Side Scaling State : enabled
Chimney Offload State : disabled
NetDMA State : disabled
Direct Cache Access (DCA) : disabled
Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level : normal
Add-On Congestion Control Provider : none
ECN Capability : enabled
RFC 1323 Timestamps : disabled
Initial RTO : 3000
Receive Segment Coalescing State : enabled
PS C:\Users\acs> netsh interface tcp show heuristics
TCP Window Scaling heuristics Parameters
----------------------------------------------
Window Scaling heuristics : disabled
Qualifying Destination Threshold : 3
Profile type unknown : normal
Profile type public : normal
Profile type private : normal
Profile type domain : normal
PS C:\Users\acs> Get-NetTCPSetting
SettingName : Automatic
MinRto(ms) :
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) :
CongestionProvider :
CwndRestart :
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) :
MemoryPressureProtection :
AutoTuningLevelLocal :
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy :
AutoTuningLevelEffective :
EcnCapability :
Timestamps :
InitialRto(ms) :
ScalingHeuristics :
DynamicPortRangeStartPort :
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts :
SettingName : Custom
MinRto(ms) : 20
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : DCTCP
CwndRestart : True
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 10
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Compat
MinRto(ms) : 300
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 2
CongestionProvider : Default
CwndRestart : False
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 200
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Datacenter
MinRto(ms) : 20
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : DCTCP
CwndRestart : True
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 10
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Internet
MinRto(ms) : 300
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : CTCP
CwndRestart : False
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 50
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
发件人SYN
No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Delta Sequence number Acknowledgment number Bytes in flight Calculated window size Info
814 5.036577000 10.10.0.21 10.11.0.1 TCP 66 0.000000000 0 0 64512 49758→5001 [SYN, ECN, CWR] Seq=0 Win=64512 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1 SACK_PERM=1
Frame 814: 66 bytes on wire (528 bits), 66 bytes captured (528 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: 00:11:22:33:44:55, Dst: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.10.0.21 (10.10.0.21), Dst: 10.11.0.1 (10.11.0.1)
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 49758 (49758), Dst Port: 5001 (5001), Seq: 0, Len: 0
Source Port: 49758 (49758)
Destination Port: 5001 (5001)
[Stream index: 73]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 0
Header Length: 32 bytes
.... 0000 1100 0010 = Flags: 0x0c2 (SYN, ECN, CWR)
Window size value: 64512
[Calculated window size: 64512]
Checksum: 0x1451 [validation disabled]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (12 bytes), Maximum segment size, No-Operation (NOP), Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), No-Operation (NOP), SACK permitted
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
No-Operation (NOP)
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
Kind: Window Scale (3)
Length: 3
Shift count: 0
[Multiplier: 1]
No-Operation (NOP)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP SACK Permitted Option: True
序列图的发件人角度
接收器TCP设置
PS C:\Users\acs> netsh interface tcp show global
Querying active state...
TCP Global Parameters
----------------------------------------------
Receive-Side Scaling State : enabled
Chimney Offload State : disabled
NetDMA State : disabled
Direct Cache Access (DCA) : disabled
Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level : normal
Add-On Congestion Control Provider : none
ECN Capability : enabled
RFC 1323 Timestamps : disabled
Initial RTO : 3000
Receive Segment Coalescing State : enabled
PS C:\Users\acs> netsh interface tcp show heuristics
TCP Window Scaling heuristics Parameters
----------------------------------------------
Window Scaling heuristics : disabled
Qualifying Destination Threshold : 3
Profile type unknown : normal
Profile type public : normal
Profile type private : normal
Profile type domain : normal
PS C:\Users\acs> Get-NetTCPSetting
SettingName : Automatic
MinRto(ms) :
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) :
CongestionProvider :
CwndRestart :
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) :
MemoryPressureProtection :
AutoTuningLevelLocal :
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy :
AutoTuningLevelEffective :
EcnCapability :
Timestamps :
InitialRto(ms) :
ScalingHeuristics :
DynamicPortRangeStartPort :
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts :
SettingName : Custom
MinRto(ms) : 20
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : DCTCP
CwndRestart : True
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 10
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Compat
MinRto(ms) : 300
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 2
CongestionProvider : Default
CwndRestart : False
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 200
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Datacenter
MinRto(ms) : 20
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : DCTCP
CwndRestart : True
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 10
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
SettingName : Internet
MinRto(ms) : 300
InitialCongestionWindow(MSS) : 4
CongestionProvider : CTCP
CwndRestart : False
DelayedAckTimeout(ms) : 50
MemoryPressureProtection : Enabled
AutoTuningLevelLocal : Normal
AutoTuningLevelGroupPolicy : NotConfigured
AutoTuningLevelEffective : Local
EcnCapability : Enabled
Timestamps : Disabled
InitialRto(ms) : 3000
ScalingHeuristics : Disabled
DynamicPortRangeStartPort : 49152
DynamicPortRangeNumberOfPorts : 16384
接收器SYN
No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Delta Sequence number Acknowledgment number Bytes in flight Calculated window size Info
817 5.110501000 10.11.0.1 10.10.0.21 TCP 70 0.073924000 0 1 64512 5001→49758 [SYN, ACK, ECN] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=64512 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=1 SACK_PERM=1 [ETHERNET FRAME CHECK SEQUENCE INCORRECT]
Frame 817: 70 bytes on wire (560 bits), 70 bytes captured (560 bits) on interface 0
Ethernet II, Src: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, Dst: 00:11:22:33:44:55
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.11.0.1 (10.11.0.1), Dst: 10.10.0.21 (10.10.0.21)
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 5001 (5001), Dst Port: 49758 (49758), Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0
Source Port: 5001 (5001)
Destination Port: 49758 (49758)
[Stream index: 73]
[TCP Segment Len: 0]
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Acknowledgment number: 1 (relative ack number)
Header Length: 32 bytes
.... 0000 0101 0010 = Flags: 0x052 (SYN, ACK, ECN)
Window size value: 64512
[Calculated window size: 64512]
Checksum: 0xb5bb [validation disabled]
Urgent pointer: 0
Options: (12 bytes), Maximum segment size, No-Operation (NOP), Window scale, No-Operation (NOP), No-Operation (NOP), SACK permitted
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
No-Operation (NOP)
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)
Kind: Window Scale (3)
Length: 3
Shift count: 0
[Multiplier: 1]
No-Operation (NOP)
No-Operation (NOP)
TCP SACK Permitted Option: True
[SEQ/ACK analysis]
序列图的接收器透视图
TCP窗口
1
您能否为双方添加确切的配置-与软硬件相关的功能（网卡）？
—
TomTom
听起来像是窗口调整受到限制。
—
David Schwartz 2015年
@TomTom两台计算机都是在HP Proliant DL380 G5上运行的ESXi中的VM。虚拟以太网适配器是Intel 82574L。硬件以太网适配器为BCM5719。
—
克里斯·斯坦科维茨
我不认为这个问题是基于观点的，我认为真正的问题是要做出好的回答就需要调试OP的系统/网络，这只能由他来完成，而不能由我们来完成。
—
彼得说恢复莫妮卡2015年